The Future of Everything

Computer scientist Keith Winstein is an expert in how computers communicate. Computer networks create what he calls shared fictions – abstract realities, like a website or a Zoom call, that exist only because the computers on either end agree to act as if they are real. Unfortunately, today’s networks lack a shared notion of a “computation,” which hurts market efficiency in cloud computing and frustrates efforts to hold tech companies accountable for the results of their algorithms. As computational power becomes concentrated in a smaller number of companies, Winstein advocates for a shared language of “computational truths,” defining computations precisely so results are reproducible and auditable. His research group hopes this will lead to greater transparency and accountability in the cloud and, ultimately, to greater confidence in the computations that companies do every day on our behalf. The truth matters, Winstein tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Keith Winstein Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Keith Winstein, a professor of computer science and electrical engineering at Stanford University (00:02:56) Why Choose Networking The appeal of the shared digital “fictions” created by connected computers. (00:04:22) The Internet’s Impact The broader societal implications of networking technologies. (00:05:35) Computational Truth The concept of tracking how data is produced and verified. (00:09:18) Misaligned Cloud Computing How “pay for effort” models create inefficiencies in cloud systems. (00:13:51) Determining Computational Truth The need for verifiable computation that produces consistent results. (00:18:19) Computations & Accountability How identifying computations could improve trust in systems. (00:20:56) Collaborating Online Why latency challenges make online performance collaboration difficult. (00:24:38) Real-Time Performance Systems Creating a custom system for musicians to perform together online. (00:28:00) Latency vs. Bandwidth Why faster internet speeds don’t necessarily reduce delay. (00:30:43) Eliminating Latency How buffering layers in software create unnecessary delay. (00:32:41) Balancing Audio Quality & Delay The different trade-offs for musicians, actors, and audiences. (00:34:20) Rethinking Computer Science Education The need to bring playfulness and interactivity back into learning. (00:35:46) The Xylophone-Based Class Teaching computation through real-time sound and music. (00:38:34) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: optimism, truth in computing, and innovation. (00:41:01) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

April is Earth Month, and in appreciation of the plant life all around us, we’re re-running a conversation we had with Beth Sattely last year on the future of plant chemistry. Beth reminds us that plants are more than food or pretty things to look at — they have the potential to help us fight climate change or even cancer. We hope you’ll take another listen and join us in learning more about how plants can positively impact environmental and human health. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Elizabeth Sattely Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Beth Sattely, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University. (00:01:28) Path to Plant Metabolism How chemistry and gardening led to a career in plant science. (00:02:12) Environmental & Human Health Using plants to improve both the planet and people’s well-being. (00:03:11) Engineering Climate-Resilient Crops Making crops more sustainable and nutritious amid global change. (00:04:16) Old vs. New Crop Engineering Comparing traditional breeding with modern molecular tools. (00:06:22) Industry & Long-Term Food Security The gap between short-term market goals and long-term environmental needs. (00:07:31) Tomato Chemistry Tomatoes reveal how plants produce protective molecules under stress. (00:10:44) Plant “Vaccines” & Immune Signaling How plants communicate threats internally and mount chemical defenses. (00:12:32) Citrus Greening & Limonoids The potential role of limonoid research on citrus greening. (00:15:17) Plants Making Medicine How plants like Yew trees naturally produce cancer drugs like Taxol. (00:19:37) Diet as Preventative Medicine Identifying plant molecules to understand their preventative health effects. (00:22:54) Food Allergies & Plant Chemistry Why the immune system tolerates some foods and rejects others. (00:25:00) Understanding Tolerance in Immunity Possibility of reintroducing tolerance through partial molecular exposure. (00:26:20) Engineering Healthier Plants Potential for designing plants to enhance micronutrient content. (00:27:58) Training the Next Generation Beth celebrates her students’ role in shaping a sustainable future. (00:28:57) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Candace Thille is an authority in learning science, educational technology, and AI-enabled learning environments. She is closing the two-way gap between the science of learning research and the hands-on practice of instruction to help students learn better. Timely and targeted feedback with the opportunity to apply that feedback is critical to learning, Thille says, and this is an area where AI supporting humans excels. She imagines a day in the not-too-distant future when human educators and AI-enabled assistants unite to help students learn faster and better than ever before. Learning is not a spectator sport, and AI can help us engage with learners – and educators – in new ways, Thille tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Candace Thille Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Candace Thille, a professor of education at Stanford University. (00:03:16) Path into Learning Science How Candace became interested in improving how people learn. (00:03:47) The Science of Learning An overview of the field and why it’s still developing. (00:04:42) Training Educators How learning science is applied in teacher education. (00:05:17) The Research to Practice Gap Why insights from classrooms rarely feed back into research. (00:06:43) Technology Supporting Teachers Using AI and other technological tools to enhance teaching. (00:09:00) The Open Learning Initiative (OLI) The origins of one of the first large-scale digital learning systems. (00:11:08) Learning with OLI How feedback and structured practice improved student outcomes. (00:13:14) Building OLI Across Disciplines The collaboration between researchers, instructors, and engineers. (00:14:36) The Accelerated Learning Study Evidence that students can learn faster without sacrificing outcomes. (00:18:02) Learning Science at Amazon Applying learning science research to workplace education. (00:22:29) Research as a Feedback Loop Why teaching practice should continuously inform research. (00:24:49) The Importance of Infrastructure Using captured learning data to improve instruction at scale. (00:25:37) Predictive AI for Learning Science The applications of older AI models in learning science research. (00:28:22) Generative AI as a Learning Interface How generative AI can make education more accessible. (00:31:01) The Myth of Learning Styles The misconception that most people have different learning styles. (00:33:30) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: new tools, data infrastructure, and supporting learners. (00:35:24) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Legal expert Richard Ford studies the intersection of dress codes and the law. Clothing and hairstyles communicate power, identity, and social status, he says. Legal restrictions on dress stretch at least to the Middle Ages when “sumptuary laws” stipulated what one could wear by rank. Today, written rules have given way to unwritten codes that are in many ways more powerful culturally. Fashion is not trivial, he says, and no less worthy of study than high art or music. Clothing shapes everything, Ford tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Richard Thompson Ford | Stanford Law School Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Rich Ford, a professor of law at Stanford University. (00:02:21) From Law to Fashion Rich Ford explains the legal roots of dress code disputes. (00:03:42) The Origins of Dress Codes Sumptuary laws and how clothing signaled social hierarchy. (00:05:06) Formal vs. Informal Dress Codes The shift from written laws to social norms and cultural expectations. (00:06:28) Teenagers & Self-Expression How people push boundaries within strict dress codes. (00:08:01) Masculine Renunciation Why men abandoned flashy fashion in the 1700s. (00:09:42) The Feminization of Fashion The gender shift in clothing and style expectations. (00:10:57) Controlling Dress Codes The effectiveness and consequences of imposed dress standards. (00:12:44) Hair, Identity, & Regulation The cultural and legal significance of hairstyles in dress codes. (00:14:40) Civil Rights & Clothing How dress became a tool for dignity and resistance. (00:18:29) Dressing for Respect How lived experience shaped Rich’s interest in fashion (00:20:40) Reverse Snobbery Why dressing casually can function as a marker of social standing (00:22:28) Gender Inequality in Fashion How clothing has historically limited women. (00:24:46) The “Midtown Uniform” How informal norms create uniformity even in the absence of rules. (00:26:03) Uniforms & Social Equality The benefits and limitations of uniforms in educational settings (00:27:44) The Future of Dress Codes Why fashion won’t disappear but is becoming more casual. (00:28:49) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: young people, time, and studying tailoring. (00:30:10) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Epidemiologist Yvonne “Bonnie” Maldonado is an expert in vaccine research and public health. Look back centuries, and the story is always the same, she says: Death rates from viruses have plummeted, especially in children and the elderly. And yet, millions of children die each year from vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccines need a return of public confidence, and that starts with better messaging and greater support of nongovernmental messengers like herself. The bottom line is that vaccines are safe, she says. Vaccines work and we have saved many lives because of them, Maldonado reminds host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Yvonne Maldonado Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Yvonne “Bonnie” Maldonado, a professor of pediatrics, epidemiology and population health at Stanford University. (00:03:01) Career in Vaccines Bonnie shares what led to her career in vaccine research. (00:04:53) How Vaccines Work How vaccines train the immune system to recognize and fight pathogens. (00:06:46) Why Vaccine Responses Vary The variability in immune responses and breakthrough infections. (00:09:22) Risk vs. Benefit in Vaccines How researchers evaluate side effects versus disease severity. (00:11:53) How Viruses Evolve The evolutionary dynamics that shape viral behavior. (00:13:59) Vaccine Boosters Why some vaccines last for life while others require multiple doses. (00:17:14) Herd Immunity How community protection works and why vaccination rates matter. (00:21:22) Vaccine Controversy The controversy surrounding vaccines and what led to it. (00:24:27) Global Vaccine Hesitancy How declining trust and past outbreaks influence vaccination globally. (00:27:07) The Future of Vaccines Why vaccines are essential and how outbreaks shape public response. (00:29:08) Preparing for Future Pandemics How healthcare systems prepare for new threats after COVID-19. (00:30:43) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: hope, public trust, and the future of health. (00:32:54) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

For many of us, this coming weekend marks the start of Daylight Saving Time, when we “spring forward” and move our clocks ahead by an hour. While the extra evening daylight can be one of the joys of the summer months, the time change has been known to disrupt our sleep.  Last year we sat down with neurobiologist Jamie Zeitzer, a leading expert on sleep, to talk about practical strategies for getting a better night’s rest. As we approach this transition, it’s the perfect time to revisit that conversation. We hope you’ll add this episode to your podcast queue and give it another listen this weekend. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jamie Zeitzer Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Jamie Zeitzer, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. (00:02:01) Understanding Circadian Rhythms How the biological clock regulates sleep and other body functions. (00:03:45) The Mystery of Sleep’s Purpose What is still unknown about the fundamental need for sleep. (00:04:49) Light & the Circadian Clock The impact light exposure has on the body’s internal sleep timing. (00:07:02) Day & Night Light Contrast The importance of creating a light-dark contrast for healthy rhythms. (00:10:06) Phones, Screens, & the Blue Light Whether blue light from screen use affects sleep quality. (00:12:37) Defining & Diagnosing Sleep Problems How stress and over-focus on sleep quality worsen insomnia. (00:14:50) Sleep Anxiety & Wearables The psychological downsides of sleep data from tracking devices. (00:16:03) CBT-I & Rethinking Insomnia Mentally reframing sleep with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (00:19:50) Desynchronized Sleep Patterns Studying student sleep patterns to separate circadian vs. sleep effects. (00:22:37) Shift Work & Circadian Misalignment The difficulty of re-aligning circadian clocks in rotating shifts. (00:25:14) Effectiveness of Sleep Medications The various drugs used to promote sleep and their pros and cons. (00:28:34) Circadian “Sleep Cliff” & Melatonin The brain’s “wake zone” before sleep and the limited effects of melatonin. (00:31:41) Do’s & Don’ts for Better Sleep Advice for those who want to improve their sleep quality. (00:33:44) Alcohol and Caffeine Effects How metabolism influences the effects of alcohol and caffeine on sleep. (00:36:13) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Heart disease should be treated just like cancer, says guest Mike McConnell, an author and expert in preventive cardiology at Stanford: Detect and stage early, then treat aggressively. In his practice, McConnell focuses on using low-dose CT imaging for detecting early coronary artery disease. He also helped pioneer the use of AI to infer cardiovascular risk from retinal scans. Such non-invasive, consumer-friendly tools could expand prevention, personalize therapy, and cut heart attacks and strokes across the board, he says. “Everybody also deserves a proactive preventive cardiologist in their phone,” McConnell tells host Russ Altman of the latest approaches to heart disease on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Michael V. McConnell, MD, MSEE Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Michael McConnell, a professor of cardiology at Stanford University. (00:03:02) Reframing Heart Disease Why coronary disease should be approached the same as cancer. (00:05:46) Core Risk Factors The key drivers of cardiovascular disease, and life’s essential eight. (00:07:18) Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring How low-dose CT scanning detects disease before symptoms develop. (00:08:57) The Limits of Stress Testing Why traditional stress tests often miss early coronary disease. (00:10:18) AI in Cardiac Imaging Using AI to identify hidden risks in routine chest scans. (00:11:30) Retinal Imaging How AI analysis of retinal blood vessels can predict heart disease risk. (00:14:55) Detecting Risk Before Symptoms Why retinal and vascular changes occur long before clinical signs appear. (00:15:58) Staging Coronary Disease Using calcium scores to stage coronary disease and personalize treatment. (00:19:36) Direct-to-Consumer Prevention The rise of mobile health records, wearable devices, and AI tools. (00:22:23) Opportunities & System Challenges Balancing accessibility, guideline-based care, and healthcare system capacity. (00:25:26) AI-Powered Health Record Analysis The potential of automated reviews to identify silent risk factors. (00:27:41) Physician Adoption & System Friction Barriers to integrating early detection tools into clinical practice. (00:30:12) Advances in Treatment Overview of current cholesterol therapies and plaque stabilization. (00:33:31) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: prevention, implementation science, and future hopes. (00:35:38) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Psychiatrist Jennifer Derenne specializes in eating disorders. Most eating disorders begin in adolescence, but they can appear much earlier – or later – in life, too. To begin healing, Derenne works with an interdisciplinary team to first stabilize and renourish her patients and uses evidence-based psychotherapy that incorporates strong family involvement. Recent clinical studies are exploring the use of psychedelics to open new avenues for treating these notoriously hard-to-treat illnesses. Eating disorders are a life-threatening medical condition, Derenne asserts, telling host Russ Altman that “food is the best medicine” on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jennifer L. Derenne, MDConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Jennifer Derenne, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. (00:03:11) Studying Eating Disorders Jennifer’s path from pediatrics to psychiatry and studying eating disorders. (00:03:44) Types of Eating Disorders A breakdown of the main diagnoses and what distinguishes them. (00:04:59) Who Gets Eating Disorders? The age ranges of those affected and when symptoms first appear. (00:05:46) Disordered Vs. Normal Eating Distinguishing common weight concerns from dangerous dysfunction. (00:07:15) Treating Teen Eating Disorders Why family involvement is crucial and treatment focuses on behaviors. (00:08:56) Genetics & Social Media The different risk factors that can contribute to disordered eating. (00:10:08) Smartphones & Mental Health The impact of smartphones on the development of coping mechanisms. (00:12:32) Transitioning to College Why mental health can destabilize during the move to independence. (00:15:51) Treating Eating Disorders The multidisciplinary approach to treating disordered eating. (00:18:39) Supervision & Safety The importance of supervision and medical follow-ups to help prevent relapse. (00:21:03) AI in Adolescent Psychiatry ​​The pros and cons of AI tools in adolescent mental health support. (00:25:21) The Limits of Medication How medications often target comorbidities rather than the eating disorder itself. (00:27:08) Psychedelics Research Emerging studies on using psychedelics in the treatment of eating disorders. (00:29:47) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: curiosity, treatment optimism, and becoming a book editor. (00:31:48) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Spring is right around the corner and as the weather changes and things begin to bloom, that also means the onset of allergy season. Last fall, we sat down with Tina Sindher who shared that while allergies may be affecting more people worldwide, prevention is playing catch up. If you’re someone or know someone who lives with environmental or food allergies, we hope you’ll tune into this episode to hear some of Tina’s strategies for better managing these conditions. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Sayantani (Tina) SindherConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Tina Sindher, a professor of medicine and allergy at Stanford University. (00:01:50) Inside the Immune Response Why our immune systems trigger allergic reactions. (00:03:31) Genes vs. Environment Whether genetics or environment drive allergy risks. (00:06:39) The Microbiome Factor The role of the microbiome and early exposures in prevention. (00:07:51) A Global Allergy Surge How global allergy trends reveal rising health challenges. (00:10:29) Potent Food Triggers Why some foods cause stronger and faster reactions. (00:12:23) Emerging Risks Whether Alpha-Gal signals new emerging allergy risks. (00:14:21) Multi-Food Allergies How multi-food allergies complicate diagnosis and treatment. (00:17:36) Preventing Allergies Early Why early food introduction may help prevent allergies. (00:19:28) Skin’s Role in Allergies The importance of infant skin health in allergy development. (00:22:13) Testing Limitations The limits of current testing methods to truly diagnose allergies. (00:23:47) Standard Testing Procedure The current methodologies deployed when testing for allergies. (00:26:02) New Therapies How new therapies like OIT and Xolair are reshaping treatment. (00:30:24) The Future of Allergies The potential of combined therapies to aid in allergy treatment. (00:33:07) Managing Seasonal Allergies How to manage seasonal allergies effectively at home. (00:35:41) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Chuck Eesley, a professor of management science and engineering, studies entrepreneurship across diverse contexts – from refugee entrepreneurs in Uganda to semiconductor startups navigating U.S.-China economic policy. His research on recent export controls revealed a counterintuitive outcome: Rather than solely strengthening U.S. semiconductor innovation, these policies accelerated Chinese investment in its own domestic chip industry, boosting startups there as much as – or more than – here. This finding underscores how global technology markets are deeply interconnected: Barriers can produce unintended consequences that accelerate innovation abroad rather than protecting it at home. Open technology trade and investment create larger markets for American innovations, strengthen collaborative partnerships, and demonstrate that interconnected markets drive progress for all participants. “Entrepreneurial talent exists everywhere,” Eesley tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Charles (Chuck) EesleyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Chuck Eesley, a professor of management and engineering at Stanford University. (00:03:04) Why Study Entrepreneurship? Chuck explains why entrepreneurs are drivers of modern economic growth. (00:03:30) Defining Entrepreneurship Broad vs. narrow entrepreneurship, from startups to large organizations. (00:04:33) Institutional Environments How policies and culture both shape entrepreneurial outcomes. (00:05:44) Studying Institutions & Entrepreneurship Measuring ​institutional shifts to isolate entrepreneurial outcomes. (00:08:12) Founder & Talent Incentives What’s needed for high-opportunity-cost talent to start companies. (00:09:36) AI Entrepreneurship The impact of data and compute concentration on startup dynamism. (00:11:28) Designing AI Regulation Historical examples of regulation enabling startups to compete fairly. (00:13:43) Incentives Inside Big Tech Why some incumbents support startups while others tilt the playing field. (00:15:28) Ad Placement & Misinformation Funding How digital advertising can unintentionally fund low-credibility content. (00:21:24) Misinformation Market Solution The disclosure mechanisms that may reduce misinformation incentives. (00:25:23) Semiconductors & Entrepreneurship The importance of startups in a field often dominated by large incumbents. (00:29:30) Unintended Policy Effects How U.S. policy may be accelerating Chinese semiconductor investments. (00:31:09) Competing Industrial Policies Why evaluation and iteration are essential for effective policy design. (00:32:31) Global Entrepreneurship Emerging entrepreneurship models spreading across regions and contexts. (00:36:26) The Universal Entrepreneurial Mindset Shared entrepreneurial traits across cultures, contexts, and countries. (00:37:14) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: democratizing entrepreneurship, context, and equitable inclusivity. (00:41:02) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Developmental psychologist Bonnie Halpern-Felsher specializes in teenage health-related decision-making, especially in their use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and other substances. Young people, she says, value immediate social benefits over long-term risks. In response, she supports bans on flavored nicotine products and has developed nationally and internationally used evidence-based substance use prevention and intervention programs, including some that are culturally targeted, such as her vaping prevention curriculum in Hawaii zeroing in on popular flavors like mango and poi. The reward, she says, is reduced substance use and better mental health. “Talk to your kids. Don’t lecture. Have a conversation,” Halpern-Felsher tells host Russ Altman of the best way to break through on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Bonnie Halpern-FelsherHalpern-Felsher REACH Lab | Stanford MedicineConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a developmental psychologist at Stanford University. (00:03:52) Focus on Youth Substance Use Bonnie explains her focus on studying substance behaviors in adolescents. (00:05:32) Current Trends in Youth Health The mixed indicators across behavior and mental health in youth. (00:08:46) Effective Health Communication Why long-horizon risk messaging often underperforms in adolescents. (00:11:16) Policy Translation & Advocacy How Bonnie translates research findings into policy advocacy. (00:13:54) School-Based Prevention Programs An overview of evidence-based curricula and target age groups. (00:15:04) Measuring Program Impact The evaluation approaches and challenges of the prevention programs. (00:16:41) Youth Dependence & Cessation Why addiction develops quickly and the limited treatment options. (00:18:18) Program Adaptation Across Contexts How curricula are localized without redesigning core methods. (00:21:00) Youth-Oriented Product Marketing The strategies used by substance industries to market to youth. (00:23:38) Cannabis Potency & Health Risk The link between higher THC concentrations and medical outcomes. (00:26:48) Patterns of Cannabis Use The common modes of cannabis use and related exposure risks. (00:28:10) Early Exposure & Prevention Needs The reports of substance exposure and use at increasingly early ages. (00:29:10) Guidance for Caregivers Practical guidance for caregivers concerned about substance use. (00:31:23) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: asking for help, substance regulation, and alternate degree. (00:33:37) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

As 2026 gets underway we know that many take time around this new beginning to improve not only their physical, but also their mental health. With that in mind, we’re rerunning an episode with Leanne Williams on the future of depression care. Leanne is an expert on clinical depression and is working on new ways to more precisely diagnose depression in order to develop more effective treatment. For anyone who has suffered from depression or knows someone who has, it’s an episode that provides hope for what’s on the horizon. We hope you’ll take another listen and also share this episode with anyone who you think may benefit from the conversation.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Leanne WilliamsConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Leanne Williams, a professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stanford University. (00:01:43) What Is Depression? Distinguishing clinical depression from everyday sadness. (00:03:31) Current Depression Treatment Challenges The trial-and-error of traditional depression treatments and their timelines. (00:06:16) Brain Mapping and Circuit Dysfunctions Advanced imaging techniques and their role in understanding depression. (00:09:03) Diagnosing with Brain Imaging How brain imaging can complement traditional diagnostic methods in psychiatry. (00:10:22) Depression Biotypes Identifying six distinct biotypes of depression through brain imaging. (00:12:31) Cognitive Features of Depression How cognitive impairment plays a major role in certain depression biotypes. (00:14:11) Matching Treatments to Biotypes Finding appropriate treatments sooner using brain-based diagnostics. (00:15:38) Expanding Treatment Options Personalizing therapies and improving treatment outcomes based on biotypes. (00:19:03) AI in Depression Treatment Using AI to refine biotypes and predict treatment outcomes with greater accuracy. (00:22:15) Psychedelics in Depression Treatment The potential for psychedelic drugs to target specific biotypes of depression. (00:23:46) Expanding the Biotypes Framework Integrating multimodal approaches into the biotype framework. (00:27:29) Reducing Stigma in Depression How showing patients their brain imaging results reduces self-blame and stigma. (00:29:38) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Pediatrician Yair Bannett studies and treats ADHD in preschool-age children. His interests stem from watching too many families struggle to understand their child’s behavior. He now focuses on improving frontline care using artificial intelligence to analyze electronic health records. One recent study explored whether doctors are making appropriate non-drug interventions before choosing to medicate children. Through his research, he hopes to raise the standard of ADHD care for thousands – and perhaps millions – of children. Early diagnosis and better care can prevent later problems, Bannett tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Yair BannettConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Yair Bannett, a developmental behavioral pediatrician at Stanford University. (00:03:44) Why Study ADHD Yair’s path from primary care pediatrics to ADHD research. (00:04:32) Understanding ADHD The core symptoms and diagnostic criteria for ADHD. (00:05:57) Diagnosing ADHD in Youth Why diagnosis is challenging and relies on clinical judgment. (00:08:21) Known Causes of ADHD What is known about biological origins and environmental influence. (00:10:08) Geographic and Cultural Differences The variations in ADHD prevalence across regions and populations. (00:11:37) ADHD Across Countries Prevalence of ADHD globally and challenges with monitoring diagnosis. (00:12:23) Natural History of Untreated ADHD The lifelong persistence of ADHD and associated risks when untreated. (00:14:28) ADHD Diagnosis in Adults The challenges in identifying and diagnosing ADHD later in life. (00:16:27) ADHD Treatments An overview of the two treatment interventions used to treat ADHD. (00:18:16) Stimulant Medications The effectiveness and long-term benefits of stimulant treatments. (00:21:30) Non-Stimulant Medications When and why alternative medications for ADHD are used. (00:22:31) Non-pharmacological Interventions The alternative interventions used outside pharmacological treatments. (00:23:18) Reducing Household Chaos Strategies for structure and behavior management within the home. (00:24:55) Measuring Quality of ADHD Care Using electronic health records and AI to improve treatment. (00:28:10) Importance of Early Diagnosis The benefits of identifying ADHD before school entry. (00:29:29) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: applying AI, collaboration, and theatre dreams. (00:31:55) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Physician-scientist Randall Stafford studies the effects of alcohol use on population health – the true health impact, he emphasizes. Stafford explains how early research suggested that drinking is beneficial – or at least not bad – for people. That mindset produced decades of wishful thinking based on inconsistent science driven by social, emotional, and industry forces. The small cardiovascular benefits, he says, are far outweighed by the risks of cancer, liver disease, depression, and other ills. Although the harms of low-level consumption are small, there is no safe level of alcohol use, Stafford tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Randall StaffordConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Randall Stafford, a professor of medicine at Stanford University. (00:03:35) Challenges in Alcohol Research Why cultural norms and study limitations complicate evidence. (00:03:56) Historical Perspectives on Drinking How early studies suggested benefits and why those conclusions shifted. (00:09:12) Risk, Dose, and Drinking Patterns The increased risks with binge drinking and higher doses of alcohol. (00:12:15) Health Benefits vs. Lifestyle Enjoyment Clarifying what alcohol does—and does not—provide medically. (00:13:37) Alcohol and Mental Health The bidirectional effects between alcohol use and mental health. (00:17:37) Broader Mental and Social Effects Alcohol’s connection to bipolar disorder, unemployment, and social harm. (00:20:12) How Alcohol Myths Persist Why simplified conclusions endured despite contradictory data. (00:22:46) Changing Cultural Attitudes Cultural trends toward reduced drinking and alcohol-free periods. (00:25:49) Alcohol and Liver Disease The effects of alcohol beyond heavy use, including metabolic disease. (00:27:29) Strategies to Reduce Harm Way to reduce alcohol consumption and avoid binge drinking. (00:29:25) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: avoiding alcohol, research needs, and studying liver disease. (00:31:04) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We're here to wish you a very happy New Year! We hope you’re ringing in the new year in good health and looking forward to what’s ahead in 2026. As people are setting goals and making resolutions, we’re re-running an episode today on the future of motivation. Last year, we sat down with Szu-chi Huang, an expert in motivation. She explained how science is changing our understanding of goal-setting and achievement, and offered a few tricks you can try when you feel stuck. We hope you’ll tune in again today and pick up a few insights on how to sustain enthusiasm for your goals over time. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Szu-chi HuangConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Szu-chi Huang, a professor of Marketing at Stanford GSB. (00:02:13) Studying Motivation Szu-chi shares what led her to study motivational science. (00:02:45) Defining Motivation Motivation as the drive to close the gap between current and ideal self. (00:03:39) The Science of Motivation Studying motivation through behavioral and neurological data. (00:04:30) Why It Matters in Business How motivation science applies to leaders, teams, and customers. (00:05:21) The Motivation Framework The strategies needed in order to stay motivated over time. (00:06:24) Journey vs. Destination Mindset The different mindsets needed throughout the stages of motivation. (00:08:03) Motivating Kids to Choose Healthy Collaborating with UNICEF to study what motivates children. (00:09:37) Gamified Coupons in Panama A study using gamified coupons to influence children's food choices. (00:13:08) Loyalty Programs as Motivation How customer reward programs act as structured goal journeys. (00:15:29) Progress Versus Purpose The different incentives needed in each stage of loyalty programs. (00:17:11) Retirement Saving Lessons How financial institutions apply motivational science to long-term goals. (00:19:54) Motivation in Social Context The role of social connections in goal pursuit and sustaining motivation. (00:21:20) Support vs. Competition in Shared Goals The benefits and drawbacks of sharing goal journeys with others. (00:24:52) Designing Apps for Motivation How redesigning user interfaces can help users stay motivated. (00:26:02) AI as a Motivation Coach Using AI to personalize feedback across all stages of goal pursuit. (00:28:50) Starting and Sustaining a Goal Practical strategies for launching and sustaining a goal. (00:30:59) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Hi everyone, it’s your host, Russ. As we celebrate another holiday season and round out the year, I want to take a moment to say thank you for listening. This show started out over 8 years ago as an experiment and has not only grown to become a passion project, but also an archive of the impactful work my colleagues across Stanford dedicate their lives to. In a time when the sheer volume of information available to us can make it hard to determine what’s accurate, I’m proud to be able to bring you information directly from expert scientists in the fields of physics, medicine, technology, computer science, law, and much more. The show, however, would not exist without you. So thank you for giving us your time and attention; it means a lot and also makes what we do possible. Happy holidays and happy new year! Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We hope you’re enjoying the holiday season with family, friends, and loved ones. We’ll be releasing new episodes again in the new year – in the meantime, today, we’re re-running a fascinating episode on The future of AI coaching. The past few years have seen an incredible boom in AI and one of our colleagues, James Landay, a professor in Computer Science, thinks that when it comes to AI and education, things are just getting started. He’s particularly excited about the potential for AI to serve as a coach or tutor. We hope you’ll take another listen to this conversation and come away with some optimism for the potential AI has to help make us smarter and healthier.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​James LandayConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest James Landay, a professor of Computer Science at Stanford University. (00:01:44) Evolving AI Applications How large language models can replicate personal coaching experiences. (00:06:24) Role of Health Experts in AI Integrating insights from medical professionals into AI coaching systems. (00:10:01) Personalization in AI Coaching How AI coaches can adapt personalities and avatars to cater to user preferences. (00:12:30) Group Dynamics in AI Coaching Pros and cons of adding social features and group support to AI coaching systems. (00:13:48) Ambient Awareness in Technology Ambient awareness and how it enhances user engagement without active attention. (00:17:24) Using AI in Elementary Education Narrative-driven tutoring systems to inspire kids' learning and creativity. (00:22:39) Encouraging Student Writing with AI Using LLMs to  motivate students to write  through personalized feedback. (00:23:32) Scaling AI Educational Tools The ACORN project and creating dynamic, scalable learning experiences. (00:27:38) Human-Centered AI The concept of human-centered AI and its focus on designing for society. (00:30:13) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Microbes are awesome, says biologist Paula Welander. They have shaped Earth’s chemistry and its environment over billions of years, including oxygenating the planet to make it habitable for larger life forms. In turn, microbes have been shaped by that very same environment, evolving as the climate has evolved, she says. Welander now studies the lipid membranes of ancient microbes, which can endure for millions of years, to understand this evolution and where we might be headed in the future. Microbes are our connection to the ancient world, Welander tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Paula V. WelanderConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Paula Welander, a professor of Earth Science at Stanford University. (00:04:06) Why Study Microbial Lipids Why lipids are essential for modern microbiology and Earth’s history. (00:05:19) Diversity of Microbial Membranes How bacteria and Archaea build different kinds of membranes. (00:07:15) Reconstructing Ancient Environments Using specific lipid biomarkers to understand the early planet. (00:09:20) Chemical Fossils vs. Organism Fossils Why microbes don’t leave traditional fossils—but their lipids do. (00:10:55) Lipids as Environmental Clues How certain lipids indicate the environments organisms lived in. (00:12:36) Archaea: A Distinct and Ancient Entity Archaea’s evolutionary importance and chemically distinct membranes. (00:15:43) The Lipid Divide Why eukaryotic membranes resemble bacterial, not Archaeal, membranes. (00:17:12) Tracing Membrane Evolution Recent breakthroughs in studying Archaeal lineages related to eukaryotes. (00:19:11)  Lipid Preservation Over Time How archaeal lipids are especially reliable as long-term biomarkers. (00:20:58) Sterols as Biomarkers The role sterols, including cholesterol, play in lipid archeology. (00:23:14) Bacterial Cholesterol Discovery The discovery that a rare bacteria can synthesize sterol precursors. (00:25:02) Functional Roles of Bacterial Sterols The possible roles sterols may play in microbial membranes and cell function. (00:26:31) Archaea in the Human Gut The number and types of Archaea found in the human microbiome. (00:28:43) Archaea and Antibiotics Whether Archaea react similarly to bacteria when exposed to antibiotics. (00:29:46) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: hope, research needs, and alternate career dreams. (00:31:43) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Molecular biologist Judith Frydman studies the nuances of protein folding and how defects in the process lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Her team studies protein folding in human cells and in model organisms, like yeast and worms, to understand the molecular events that precipitate harmful protein defects in humans. In one example, Frydman’s team explored how aging affects the creation and the quality of proteins in the brain, leading to cognitive problems. She is now looking to develop therapies – someday perhaps leading to cures – to debilitating diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, ALS, and others. The power of science gives her true hope in these important pursuits, Frydman tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Judith FrydmanConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Judith Frydman, a professor of biology and genetics at Stanford University. (00:04:00) Linking Protein Folding to Aging How aging disrupts protein-folding machinery across many organisms. (00:07:16) Universal Aging Patterns The similar age-related protein-folding defects found across organisms (00:09:27) Studying Killifish Ageing Research on the African killifish as a rapid-aging model organism. (00:13:05) Ribosome Function Declines How aging causes ribosomes to stall and collide, creating faulty proteins. (00:15:31) Aging Across Species The potential factors causing alternate aging rates in different species. (20:11) What Fails Inside Aging Cells The cellular components that are leading to bad protein creation. (00:24:04) Therapeutic Approaches Potential interventions to combat cellular and neurological degeneration. (00:25:12) Gene vs. Small-Molecule Treatments How some interventions may be better suited for certain diseases. (00:27:47) Ribosome Drug Potential Why ribosomes and translation factors are viable drug targets. (00:28:56) Next Steps in Aging Research Using human skin fibroblasts to study human aging mechanisms. (00:31:46) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: scientific progress, young researchers, and archeology. (00:33:54) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Maria Barna is an authority on ribosomes – “life’s most ancient and spectacular molecular machines.” Ribosomes make proteins in the body. There can be a thousand different types of ribosomes in a single cell, she says, each with a specific job to do. But sometimes things go awry and ribosomes get “hijacked,” leading to disease. Barna studies these “diabolical” variations to find new therapies to treat diseases ranging from cancer and COVID to Parkinson’s. When diseases hit, it’s all about the ribosomes, Barna tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Maria BarnaConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Maria Barna, a professor of genetics at Stanford University. (00:04:21) Origins of Ribosome Research Maria explains why ribosomes became the focus of her work. (00:06:14) Ribosome Function and Scale Ribosomes’ functions and the energy required for their production. (00:08:28) Ribosomes as Machines How ribosomes influence which proteins are produced and when. (00:09:48) Ribosome Regulation The regulatory layers within ribosomes and their possible variants. (00:14:35) Ribosomes and Disease How ribosomal dysfunction is linked to a wide range of diseases. (00:18:16) Ribosome Mutations and Development Congenital disorders that can be attributed to specific ribosomal mutations. (00:20:44) RNA vs. Protein Output Why RNA measurements alone do not accurately predict protein levels. (00:24:16) Designing Ribosomes for Therapy The potential of using engineered ribosomes for target therapies. (00:26:16) Small-Molecule Ribosome Modulators Screening compounds that may enhance ribosome activity for treatments. (00:28:39) Future Ribosome Profiling Isolating individual ribosomes to understand their specific roles. (00:30:35) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: scientific progress, community, and alternative career interest. (00:34:01) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In October, chemical engineer Will Tarpeh was awarded a 2025 MacArthur “Genius Grant” in recognition of his pioneering work to turn wastewater into a source of valuable materials. Will envisions a future in which the concept of wastewater is obsolete, thanks to advances in recycling. A couple of years ago, we sat down to talk with him about this work, and we hope you’ll take another listen today to learn more about the research Will is doing to transform the potential of wastewater into resources. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​William Abraham TarpehConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Will Tarpeh, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University. (00:03:01) Wastewater as a Modern Mine How elements like nitrogen and phosphorus can be recovered from waste. (00:04:15) Path to Sanitation Research Will shares what led to his interest in studying wastewater. (00:06:55) The Science of Separation The electrochemical and material techniques to extract valuable compounds. (00:08:37) Urine-Based Fertilizer How human urine could meet up to 30% of global fertilizer needs. (00:11:08) Drugs in Wastewater The potential of reclaiming pharmaceuticals from waste streams. (00:14:14) Decentralized Sanitation Opportunities for neighborhood or household-scale treatment systems. (00:16:48) Source Separation Systems How dividing waste at the source improves recycling and recovery. (00:18:56) Global Sanitation Challenges Ways that developing countries can adopt modern waste solutions. (00:23:51) Preventing Algal Blooms The systems that are helping to reduce nutrient pollution and dead zones. (00:27:16) The Urine Summit A community advancing urine recycling and sustainable sanitation policy. (00:28:43) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Gabriel Weintraub studies how digital markets evolve. In that regard, he says platforms like Amazon, Uber, and Airbnb have already disrupted multiple verticals through their use of data and digital technologies. Now, they face both the opportunity and the challenge of leveraging AI to further transform markets, while doing so in a responsible and accountable way. Weintraub is also applying these insights to ease friction and accelerate results in government procurement and regulation. Ultimately, we must fall in love with solving the problem, not with the technology itself, Weintraub tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Gabriel WeintraubConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Gabriel Weintraub, a professor of operations, information, and technology at Stanford University. (00:03:00) School Lunches to Digital Platforms How designing markets in Chile led Gabriel to study digital marketplaces. (00:03:57) What Makes a Good Market Outlining the core principles that constitute a well-functioning market. (00:05:29) Opportunities and Challenges Online The challenges associated with the vast data visibility of digital markets. (00:06:56) AI and the Future of Search How AI and LLMs could revolutionize digital platforms. (00:08:15) Rise of Vertical Marketplaces The new specialized markets that curate supply and ensure quality. (00:10:23) Winners and Losers in Market Shifts How technology is reshaping industries from real estate to travel. (00:12:38) Government Procurement in Chile Applying market design and AI tools to Chile’s procurement system. (00:15:00) Leadership and Adoption The role of leadership in modernizing government systems. (00:18:59) AI in Government and Regulation Using AI to help governments streamline complex bureaucratic systems. (00:21:45) Streamlining Construction Permits Piloting AI tools to speed up municipal construction-permit approvals. (00:23:20) Building an AI Strategy Creating an AI strategy that aligns with business or policy goals. (00:25:26) Workforce and Experimentation Training employees to experiment with LLMs and explore productivity gains. (00:27:36) Humans and AI Collaboration The importance of designing AI systems to augment human work, not replace it. (00:28:26) Future in a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: AI’s impact, passion and resilience, and soccer dreams. (00:30:39) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Biochemist Lingyin Li survived breast cancer at just 30 and now works to harness the human immune system to fight cancers that have long evaded treatment. T cells, she says, are powerful cancer killers, but they can be oblivious. She and her lab colleagues have discovered a masking enzyme that squelches the immune system’s “danger signals” and are now developing drugs to block that enzyme. She likens her work to an arms race between cancer and immunotherapy. “The cancers are not getting smarter, but we are,” Li tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Lingyin LiConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Lingyin Li, a professor of biochemistry at Stanford University. (00:03:38) Research Motivation Lingyin explains how her breast cancer diagnosis inspired her research. (00:04:31) How T-Cells Work T-cell mechanisms and why they struggle to reach solid tumors. (00:05:38) Immune System Overview Innate and adaptive immunity and how mutations make cancer recognizable. (00:07:28) Awakening the Immune System Efforts to stimulate innate immune cells to detect and expose tumors. (00:10:54) The Cancer Signal Discovery of cancer-derived DNA signals that alert the immune system. (00:13:01) Cancer’s Evasion Mechanism How tumors destroy immune signals to hide from detection. (00:14:26) ENPP1 Enzyme Identification of ENPP1 as the enzyme enabling immune evasion. (00:15:22) Balancing Immunity and Safety Role of ENPP1 in autoimmunity and the challenge of targeting it safely. (00:19:30) ENPP1 Inhibitors Development of molecules to block ENPP1 and enhance immune signaling. (00:24:55) Preclinical Findings The promising results against aggressive solid tumors in animal studies (00:28:05) From Lab to Clinic The progress toward FDA approval and preparation for human testing. (00:31:04) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: innovation, collaboration, and the outlook for cancer treatment. (00:33:14) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On our 300th episode, Stanford Hoover Institution Director and former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice talks about her return to Stanford after years in government and the impact she sees rapidly advancing technologies having on democracy and public policy. She says the future demands greater collaboration among industry, academia, and government to ensure promising fields like quantum computing and AI are used for the greatest good—in education, medicine, and the sciences. We are in a race that we must win, Rice tells host Russ Altman on this special episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Condoleezza RiceConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Condoleezza Rice, former U.S. Secretary of State and a professor of political science and political economy at Stanford University. (00:04:08) Returning to Stanford Why Condoleezza returned to academia after serving as Secretary of State. (00:04:50) Higher Education & Public Trust Potential factors impacting universities' connection to the broader public. (00:07:31) Why Research Still Matters The importance of curiosity-driven, federally funded university research. (00:09:32) Hoover’s Emerging Tech Initiative An outline of the Hoover Institution’s Tech Initiative and its policies. (00:12:11) Uniting Scientists & Policymakers How engineers and researchers are engaging with policy and ethics. (00:13:41) The Race For Innovation Emerging themes and key enablers in the technology innovation race. (00:19:17) Industry in the Lead How private companies are now the primary drivers of innovation. (00:22:02) Global Tech & National Interests The tension between globalized tech firms and U.S. policy interests (00:24:35) AI & Education Using AI as a tool to enhance teaching and critical thinking in students. (00:28:30) Students Driving Policy The contribution students are making to Hoover’s tech policy work. (00:29:23) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: hope, innovation, time, humanity, and alternate careers. (00:31:09) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Tune in on Friday, November 7th to listen to our 300th episode with a very special guest. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

About a year ago, a research team at Stanford Engineering led by Guosong Hong published a paper about their work to use a common food dye to make mouse skin transparent. Their findings made a big splash and have the potential to provide a range of benefits in health care. You can imagine that if we have the ability to see what’s going on under the skin without having to cut into it, or use radiation to get a clear look, this could improve everything from invasive biopsies to painful blood draws. We hope you’ll tune in again and enjoy. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Guosong HongGuosong's Lab: THE HONG LABConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Guosong Hong, an expert in physics, material science, and biology from Stanford University. (00:01:52) Material Science Meets Neuroscience How Guosong’s research blends nanomaterials and brain science. (00:03:00) Why Tissue Isn’t Transparent The challenge of light penetration in biological tissues. (00:04:54) A New Approach to Tissue Clearing The physics behind tissue transparency and refractive index manipulation. (00:07:57) UV Light and Transparency How manipulating UV absorption can align refractive indexes. (00:10:16) First Experiments and Results Initial tests that demonstrate successful tissue clearing. (00:12:19) Applications in Medicine The potential of transparent tissues in dermatology and medical imaging. (00:14:36) Testing on Live Tissue The results of testing transparency techniques on live mice. (00:18:30) Transparency in Nature How some species have naturally transparent tissue. (00:19:52) Human Eye and Protein Transparency The unique proteins that keep our lenses clear using similar physics. (00:22:24) Wireless Light Inside the Body Developing ultrasound-activated light sources for tissue imaging. (00:24:55) Precision of Ultrasound Light How precisely ultrasound can trigger tiny particles to emit light. (00:28:14) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Clinician-scientist Jill Helms is an expert on healing. Until about age 30, people heal easily, she says, but later on, not so well. Regenerative medicine suggests avenues for improvement, she promises. Her research focuses on understanding the physical and molecular processes of healing to design better therapies. One approach awakens “sleeper” stem cells to aid healing, a new drug in trial regenerates bone, and another avenue targets infections that appear near medical devices using gum-like tissues that create sealing barriers. In many ways, nature remains our best model for healing, Helms tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jill HelmsConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Jill Helms, a professor of surgery at Stanford University. (00:03:42) Why Study Wound Healing Jill shares what led her to explore how the body repairs itself after injury. (00:04:23) How Healing Works Explanation of physical signals, stem cells, and the stages of tissue repair. (00:07:23) Healing Declines with Age How healing quality and speed drop significantly after age thirty. (00:10:48) Physical vs. Biological Signals The biological and physical signals that work together to guide healing. (00:13:21) Regenerative Medicine Therapies designed to restore healing capacity and accelerate repair. (00:16:55) Infection and Implants Challenges of preventing infections around skin penetrating medical devices. (00:21:54) Nature’s Blueprint Using biological models to inspire self-renewing wound interfaces. (00:26:19)  Biomimicry and Evolutionary Insight What scientists are learning from animals to inform human tissue repair. (00:30:51) Future In a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: scientific curiosity, young researchers, and supportive environments. (00:33:04) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Bioengineer Michael Fischbach studies alternative vaccine delivery methods, like self-administered creams with no needles, health professionals, or side effects. He teases a day when vaccines that don’t make you feel bad come in the mail in ketchup-style packets. Such innovations would greatly improve vaccine uptake, especially in developing countries, and speed global response to novel viruses. It would change how we think about vaccines, Fischbach tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Michael FischbachConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Michael Fischbach, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University. (00:04:24) Cream-Based Vaccines The discovery that revealed the skin’s ability to spark systemic immunity. (00:07:36) Engineering Immunity Modifying staph epidermidis to carry antigens and test immune response. (00:09:38) Tumor Regression How engineered bacteria triggered tumor-killing immunity in mice. (00:12:53) Antibody Discovery Evidence that skin exposure can generate long-lasting antibodies. (00:17:02) Antibody Response in Humans Whether humans show antibody responses to their own skin bacteria. (00:18:42) Turning Bacteria into Vaccines Embedding harmless pathogen fragments into bacterial surface proteins. (00:20:55) Immunity Without Shots How mice achieved vaccine-level immunity through topical application. (00:24:00) Reimagining Vaccine Delivery The potential for self-applied, needle-free, and multiplexed vaccines. (00:26:50) Mechanism Behind Skin Immunity How skin immune cells may constantly sample microbes for defence. (00:28:14) Next Steps in Development The path toward testing safety, dosage, and delivery in higher models. (00:29:57) Choosing Vaccine Targets Viruses and diseases that could be targets for early skin-based vaccines. (00:31:11) Safety and Reversibility Ensuring safety with reversible bacteria and limited trial participants. (00:33:04) Transitioning to Biotech Transitioning research from Stanford to large-scale biotech development. (00:34:31) Future In a Minute Rapidfire Q&A: creative science, vaccine innovation, and biology’s future. (00:36:56) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

As fall arrives, many regions experience dramatic weather shifts—think early frosts, storms, or unusual temperature swings. Last year, we sat down with Noah Diffenbaugh, an expert on climate change. We discussed the fact that extreme weather is becoming more frequent. Noah pointed out that there are still things we can do to mitigate the impacts of severe weather. We hope you’ll take another listen to this episode to learn about the solutions that are within reach.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Noah DiffenbaughConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor of Earth System Science at Stanford University. (00:02:07) Global Impact of Climate Change The areas where climate change is having the greatest impact globally. (00:03:00) Climate Phenomena and Humans Connecting climate science with localized human impacts. (00:05:49) Understanding Climate Forcing The concept of "climate forcing" and its significance in Noah’s research. (00:09:34) Geoengineering & Pinatubo Cooling The risks associated with reflecting sunlight to cool the planet. (00:13:23) Climate Interventions Why manipulating the climate could have unforeseen outcomes. (00:20:51) Adaptation to Climate Change Humanity’s response to climate change as impacts accelerate. (00:24:53) Increase in Extreme Events Why extreme climate events are more frequent and severe. (00:28:08) AI in Climate Research How AI enables testable, data-driven climate predictions. (00:32:02) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Rishee Jain is an engineer and an expert in the built environment – the manmade structures of modern life. The future, Jain says, will be a place where everyone has a safe, comfortable place to live and work, and the built environment adapts in real time to our needs. Jain is now exploring cool roofs that reflect heat to lower indoor temperatures and improve occupants’ well-being. We once believed that humans bent infrastructure to our needs, but now we understand how infrastructure changes us, too, Jain tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’sThe Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Rishee JainConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Rishee Jain, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University. (00:03:50) Focus on Built Urban Environments Rishee Jain shares how early hands-on projects inspired his career. (00:04:51) The Social Dimension Why infrastructure must account for human behavior and social needs. (00:07:03) How Infrastructure Shapes Us Examples of sidewalks, bike lanes, and design choices influencing wellbeing. (00:09:11) Defining Urban Form Defining urban form as design across buildings, neighborhoods, and cities. (00:10:58) Decision-Makers at Every Level How policymakers, communities, and building owners shape design. (00:13:38) Dynamic Infrastructure The shift from static infrastructure to adaptable, responsive systems. (00:15:19) Levers of Change Using thermal and lighting design as key factors for wellbeing. (00:19:36) Climate & Extreme Heat The impact of extreme heat on building design and vulnerable communities. (00:23:25) Measuring Impact Studies using wearables to track the benefits of infrastructure interventions. (00:24:25) Community Feedback The optimistic research results on infrastructure interventions. (00:26:18) Retrofitting Old Buildings Challenges in adapting existing infrastructure with minimal disruption. (00:31:12) Future in a Minute Rapid-fire Q&A: hope, infrastructure, research needs, and lessons from history. (00:33:01) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In a special Future of Everything podcast episode recorded live before a studio audience in New York, host Russ Altman talks to three authorities on the innovation economy. His guests – Fei-Fei Li, professor of computer science and co-director of the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI); Susan Athey, professor and authority on the economics of technology; and Neale Mahoney, Trione Director of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research – bring their distinct-but-complementary perspectives to a discussion on how artificial intelligence is reshaping our economy. Athey emphasizes that both AI broadly and AI-based coding tools specifically are general-purpose technologies, like electricity or the personal computer, whose impact may be felt quickly in certain sectors but much more slowly in aggregate. She tells how solving one bottleneck to implementation often reveals others – whether in digitization, adoption costs, or the need to restructure work and organizations. Mahoney draws on economic history to say we are in a “veil of ignorance” moment with regard to societal impacts. We cannot know whose jobs will be disrupted, he says, but we can invest in safety nets now to ease the transition. Li cautions against assuming AI will replace people. Instead, she speaks of AI as a “horizontal technology” that could supercharge human creativity – but only if it is properly rooted in science, not science fiction. Collectively, the panel calls on policymakers, educators, researchers, and entrepreneurs to steer AI toward what they call “human-centered goals” – protecting workers, growing opportunities, and supercharging education and medicine – to deliver broad and shared prosperity. It’s the future of the innovation economy on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Fei-Fei LiStanford Profile: Susan AtheyStanford Profile: Neale MahoneyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces live guests Fei-Fei Li, Susan Athey, and Neale Mahoney, professors from Stanford University. (00:02:37) Lessons from Past Technology Comparing AI with past technologies and the bottlenecks to their adoption. (00:06:29) Jobs & Safety Nets The uncertainty of AI’s labor impact and investing in social protections. (00:08:29) Augmentation vs. Replacement Using AI as a tool to enhance, not replace, human work and creativity. (00:11:41) Human-Centered AI & Policy Shaping AI through universities, government, and global collaboration. (00:15:58) Education Revolution The potential for AI to revolutionize education by focusing on human capital. (00:18:58) Balancing Regulation & Innovation Balancing pragmatic, evidence-based AI policy with entrepreneurship. (00:22:22) Competition & Market Power The risks of monopolies and the role of open models in fair pricing. (00:25:22) America’s Economic Funk How social media and innovation are shaping America’s declining optimism. (00:27:05) Future in a Minute The panel shares what gives them hope and what they’d study today. (00:30:49) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

About a year ago we released an episode on the future of ultrafast electronics and it quickly became one of our most popular episodes on YouTube. We’re excited to re-share it with you today. Physicist Matthias Kling walks us through his study of photons and the things science can do with ultrafast pulses of x-rays. The knowledge he’s gaining could reshape fields like materials science, artificial intelligence, ultrafast and quantum computers, and medical diagnostics. We hope you’ll tune in again wherever you get your podcasts. And as a reminder, we post full video versions of each of our episodes on YouTube every Friday, so be sure to check those out if you haven’t already. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Matthias KlingConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Matthias Kling, a professor of photon science and applied physics at Stanford University. (00:02:21) Ultrafast Electronics New technologies enabling ultrafast photonics and electronics. (00:05:40) Attosecond Science Applications Capturing electron and molecular movements with attosecond pulses. (00:10:23) Real-Time Molecular Measurements How free-electron lasers enable detailed, atom-specific measurements. (00:15:02) Free-Electron Lasers Using light waves to capture images of molecules at room temperature. (00:22:28) Electronics at Light Speed Whether attosecond science could enable computing at petahertz speed. (00:26:24) Lightwaves & Quantum Computing How lightwave electronics could allow for energy-efficient quantum computers. (00:29:29) AI Meets Ultrafast Science AI's role in optimizing research and data collection in ultrafast electronics. (00:31:47) The Future of Ultafast Electronics How attosecond science, computing, and AI converge to accelerate innovation. (00:35:25) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Allergist Tina Sindher acknowledges that allergies may be affecting more people worldwide, influenced by a combination of factors such as environmental changes, modern lifestyles, urbanization, and evolving dietary habits. Prevention is playing catch-up, and promising new strategies include earlier food introduction than was popular only a few years ago. On the treatment front, hopes are rising for immunotherapies and a new prescription medicine, omalizumab, that addresses multiple allergens at once. While no single approach helps all, these strategies could allow millions worldwide to better manage their allergies, Sindher tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Sayantani (Tina) SindherConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Tina Sindher, a professor of medicine and allergy at Stanford University. (00:03:16) Inside the Immune Response Why our immune systems trigger allergic reactions. (00:04:57) Genes vs. Environment Whether genetics or environment drive allergy risks. (00:08:05) The Microbiome Factor The role of the microbiome and early exposures in prevention. (00:09:17) A Global Allergy Surge How global allergy trends reveal rising health challenges. (00:11:56) Potent Food Triggers Why some foods cause stronger and faster reactions. (00:13:49) Emerging Risks Whether Alpha-Gal signals new emerging allergy risks. (00:15:47) Multi-Food Allergies How multi-food allergies complicate diagnosis and treatment. (00:19:02) Preventing Allergies Early Why early food introduction may help prevent allergies. (00:20:54) Skin’s Role in Allergies The importance of infant skin health in allergy development. (00:23:39) Testing Limitations The limits of current testing methods to truly diagnose allergies. (00:25:13) Standard Testing Procedure The current methodologies deployed when testing for allergies. (00:27:28) New Therapies How new therapies like OIT and Xolair are reshaping treatment. (00:31:50) The Future of Allergies The potential of combined therapies to aid in allergy treatment. (00:34:33) Managing Seasonal Allergies How to manage seasonal allergies effectively at home. (00:37:08) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Endocrinologist Joy Wu says that osteoporosis can affect more than half of women and a quarter of men over 50 – often without symptoms until a fracture changes everything, leading to a loss of mobility and independence. Wu explains why bones weaken with age and how to strengthen them through exercise and smart medicine. Her lab is exploring innovative drugs and turning skin cells into new bone-forming osteoblasts. We’re delving into the great mystery of building new bone and making old bones stronger, Wu tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Joy WuConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Joy Wu, a professor of endocrinology at Stanford University. (00:03:06) Path into Bone Research Joy shares her path from endocrinology training to studying bone biology. (00:04:10) Calcium and Vitamin D in Bone Health How these nutrients build strong bones and prevent fractures. (00:05:13) Why Bones Heal Themselves Why bones can regenerate so effectively compared to other tissues. (00:06:26) Can We Feel Our Bones? The mystery of weather-related aches at old fracture sites. (00:07:23) Understanding Osteoporosis The prevalence of osteoporosis in the elderly, especially in women. (00:08:34) Diagnosing Osteoporosis Why osteoporosis often goes undetected until fractures appear. (00:09:36) Risk Factors Beyond Aging The risk factors outside of aging that can lead to osteoporosis. (00:10:48) Steroids, Exercise, and Bone Health The impact of systemic steroids and exercise on bone health. (00:12:40) Height Loss and Spine Fractures How shrinking height in older adults can signal vertebral fractures. (00:14:46) Cancer and Bone Health How cancers spread to bone and how therapies affect bone health. (00:17:09) Medications for Osteoporosis The complexities of using certain medications in cancer patients with bone loss. (00:20:10) Hormones and Bone Growth Using SERMs to protect bone while reducing breast cancer risk. (00:21:45) Stem Cells and Building Bone Research on reprogramming skin cells into bone-forming osteoblasts. (00:23:31) Why Treatments Plateau Why bone-building drugs stop working after two years. (00:24:49) Challenges in Bone Regeneration The potential of Wnt signalling and stem cells in lasting bone regeneration. (00:28:09) Validating Osteoblasts in the Lab Testing whether reprogrammed cells behave like natural osteoblasts. (00:29:11) Future Outlook for Bone Biology The limits of bone cell replication and what it means for future therapies. (00:30:10) Advice for Strong Bones Practical do’s and don’ts for optimizing bone health. (00:32:41) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

It’s still summer, but many children and teachers are back in school or preparing to return to the classroom. About a year ago, we sat down with Rebecca Silverman, a professor of education, to discuss the complex process of learning how to read. Professor Silverman unpacks the challenges of decoding and comprehension, two things that are vital for reading instruction to be successful. Whether you’re supporting a new reader or curious about the hurdles new readers must overcome, we hope you’ll tune in to this conversation again. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Rebecca D. SilvermanConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Rebecca Silverman, a professor of education at Stanford University. (00:01:59) Why Reading Is Hard Why reading is a complex, non-natural skill essential for education. (00:03:14) Decoding & Comprehension The core components of reading and the challenges of comprehension. (00:05:07) Improving Comprehension Why improving comprehension takes years and sustained support. (00:06:40) Variability in Learning Why some kids excel, others need help, and many struggle. (00:08:26) Nature vs. Nurture How genetics and environment combine to shape reading ability. (00:09:17) Reading Across Languages How different writing systems affect how quickly kids learn to read. (00:10:57) Identifying Struggling Readers Research challenges in identifying decoding and comprehension issues. (00:14:42) Paper vs. Digital Reading Key differences between reading on paper and screens. (00:18:04) Technology in Literacy How technology is effective for decoding but less so for comprehension. (00:19:58) Family Influence The importance of family and storytelling in literacy development. (00:21:52) Adult Literacy Whether adults can learn to read as easily as young learners. (00:23:13) Challenges For Teachers The challenges teachers face in teaching literacy alongside multiple subjects (00:25:15) The Future of AI in Reading The potential of AI and digital tools to help tailor literacy support. (00:28:50) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Sociologist David Grusky argues that all the usual debilitating debates about inequality can be sidestepped if we focus on the worst forms – those rooted in cronyism, racism, and nepotism – that everyone can agree are nothing more than a pernicious transfer of income or wealth from the powerless to the powerful. To fight this “worst form” of inequality, Grusky shows how powerful interventions can be identified with new quasi-experimental methods, including those that use naturally occurring or AI-generated doppelgangers instead of very expensive randomized controlled trials. “We’re leaving a lot of talent on the table. And the cost is profound,” Grusky tells host Russ Altman about the price of inequality on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: David GruskyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest David Grusky, a professor of sociology at Stanford University. (00:02:57) Studying Inequality David explains his motivation for studying inequality. (00:03:44) What Is Good Inequality? How productive contributions create justifiable inequalities in income. (00:04:48) Example of Bad Inequality When legitimate productivity becomes mixed with exploitation (00:07:22) Widespread Nature of Bad Inequality Different groups within society who benefit from bad inequality. (00:10:58) The Birth Lottery Problem How the circumstances of birth create hidden advantages. (00:13:15) Status & Social Class Inequality Whether prestige and non-financial rewards intersect with inequality. (00:14:52) Good Jobs vs. Bad Jobs What constitutes a good job in an era of rapid technological change. (00:16:20) The Limits of Progressive Taxation Why progressive taxation fails to distinguish between inequalities. (00:21:01) Predistribution Solutions Preventing bad inequality before it occurs with institutional reform. (00:24:31) Reform Challenges How entrenched interests and weak evaluation block reform progress. (00:25:54) Inequality Research Tools Quasi-experimental methods that evaluate inequality interventions. (00:28:39) AI Clones for Policy Testing Using large language models to simulate individuals and test policy ideas. (00:33:55) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

Neurologist Michelle Monje studies the close relationship between cancer and the nervous system, particularly in an aggressive brain cancer that often strikes in childhood. Her research shows that the cancer cells are electrically integrated into the brain itself and these connections actually help the cancer to grow. Monje and collaborators have now developed an immunotherapy that has shown great promise in mice and early human trials. One patient had a “complete response” and is cancer-free four years after treatment, Monje tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Michelle MonjeConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Michelle Monje, a professor of pediatric neurology at Stanford University. (00:03:39) Focus on Cancer Research Monje’s clinical observations led to exploring cancer-neuron interactions. (00:05:28) Neurons and Glial Cells The role of neurons and glial cells in brain function and disease. (00:08:32) Gliomas in Children An overview of gliomas and their origins in glial precursor cells. (00:10:12) Rethinking Brain Cancer Behavior How gliomas don’t just grow—they integrate with brain circuits. (00:14:49) Mechanisms of Tumor Growth Two primary mechanisms by which cancer exploits the nervous system. (00:16:32) Synaptic Integration of Cancer Cells The discovery that glioma cells form synapses with neurons. (00:20:06) CAR T-Cell Therapy Adapting CAR T-cell immunotherapy to target brain tumors. (00:22:52) Targeting GD2 Antigen Identification of a surface marker enables precision CAR T-cell therapy. (00:24:35) Immune Access to the Brain The ability of CAR T-cells to reach the brain, despite prior understanding. (00:26:16) First Clinical Trial Results The significant tumor reduction and response from CAR T-cell therapy. (00:28:21) Combined Therapies Pairing immune therapy with neural signaling blockers for better outcomes. (00:30:35) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

It’s summertime, and for many of us that means a recreational trip to the beach or coast. Worldwide, billions of people live year-round near a coastline, and these settings can be responsible for everything from buffering storms and preventing sea-level rise to fishing, flourishing tourism, and trade. For all these reasons, the acceleration of coastal erosion is an important topic to understand. A couple years ago, we sat down with Jane Willenbring, a geoscientist who says that by studying what coastlines looked like long ago, we can better understand where they are headed and how to protect them. No matter where you live, we hope you’ll tune in to better understand the forces behind coastal erosion. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jane Kathryn WillenbringConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Jane Willenbring, a professor of Earth systems at Stanford University. (00:01:30) What Causes Coastal Erosion The natural processes that build up or break down coastal regions. (00:02:58) When Coastlines Grow Where and how coastal buildup can still occur, especially near rivers. (00:04:11) Measuring Coastal Erosion The technological and geological measurements used to track change. (00:06:12) Dating Coastal Rock Using cosmic radiation to help measure long-term erosion rates. (00:07:48) Archaeology & Shifting Settlements How ancient coastal settlements reflect environmental change. (00:09:03) Tectonics vs. Erosion Differentiating between sea level rise and tectonic land uplift. (00:10:09) Infrastructure at Risk The dangers of coastal erosion to critical infrastructure. (00:12:12) Science Meets Policy Why long-term erosion timelines complicate policymaking. (00:14:11) Real-World Responses Examples of successes and failures due to policy inaction. (00:15:14) Disadvantages of Building Bridges The unintended effects of building bridges and barriers. (00:16:11) “Unzipping” Landscapes How rivers and streams carve landscapes from the inside out. (00:17:47) Sea Level Rise & Coastal Changes The mechanics of sea level rise and how it increases erosion. (00:19:25) Beaches as Natural Defenses Why wide beaches are crucial to the protection of coastlines. (00:20:42) Cliff Collapse & Beaches What happens when sand is lost due to erosion or human intervention. (00:22:11) The Social Impacts of Coastal Erosion The effects of coastal erosion on different socioeconomic classes (00:24:11) Public Health Risks of Coastal Erosion The different health and infrastructure risks posed by unmanaged erosion. (00:26:05) Vegetation, Kelp, & Green Solutions The potential for vegetation and kelp to help soften coastal impact. (0028:43) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Chemical engineer Beth Sattely studies the intricate chemistry of plant life. Plants are more than food, she says: They are living chemical factories churning out molecules that help plants do everything from adapting to climate change to fighting infections – or even producing valuable new cancer drugs. Lately, Sattely’s lab is working on ways to make crops more resilient to engineer more sustainable foods and environments. Some of our most exciting technologies already exist in nature, we just have to find them, Sattely tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Elizabeth SattelyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Beth Sattely, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University. (00:03:10) Path to Plant Metabolism How chemistry and gardening led to a career in plant science. (00:03:54) Environmental and Human Health Using plants to improve both the planet and people’s well-being. (00:04:53) Engineering Climate-Resilient Crops Making crops more sustainable and nutritious amid global change. (00:05:58) Old vs. New Crop Engineering Comparing traditional breeding with modern molecular tools. (00:08:04) Industry and Long-Term Food Security The gap between short-term market goals and long-term environmental needs. (00:09:13) Tomato Chemistry Tomatoes reveal how plants produce protective molecules under stress. (00:12:26) Plant “Vaccines” and Immune Signaling How plants communicate threats internally and mount chemical defenses. (00:14:14) Citrus Greening and Limonoids The potential role of limonoid research on citrus greening. (00:16:59) Plants Making Medicine How plants like Yew trees naturally produce cancer drugs like Taxol. (00:21:19) Diet as Preventative Medicine Identifying plant molecules to understand their preventative health effects.  (00:24:36) Food Allergies and Plant Chemistry Why the immune system tolerates some foods and rejects others. (00:26:42) Understanding Tolerance in Immunity Possibility of reintroducing tolerance through partial molecular exposure. (00:28:02) Engineering Healthier Plants Potential for designing plants to enhance micronutrient content. (00:29:04) Training the Next Generation Beth celebrates her students’ role in shaping a sustainable future. (00:30:39) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Biologist Lauren O’Connell studies poisonous frogs, but not just the toxins that make them dangerous. She also studies the neuroscience of their complex parenting. She’s learned that tadpoles recognize their mothers by smell and do a “begging dance” when hungry, and that the frogs produce a protein that protects them from their own poisonous chemistry.  That protein could help treat overdoses in humans, O’Connell tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Lauren O'ConnellConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Lauren O’Connell, a professor of biology at Stanford. (00:03:34) Why Poison Frogs? Lauren shares what led her to focus her research on poison frogs (00:05:16) Parenting Styles in Frogs The diverse parental strategies across frog species. (00:08:36) The Role of Opioids in Parenting The signalling factors in the frog brain that regulate bonding, (00:10:05) Hormones & Gender Roles The influence of testosterone and estrogen on caregiving behaviors. (00:11:34) Implications for Human Research How studying frogs reveals basic neural blueprints of parenting. (00:13:23) Tadpole’s Communication The neural circuits behind tadpole communication and behavior. (00:15:10) Autism Gene Experiments in Tadpoles How genetic changes can alter tadpole social communication (00:17:47) Transparency & Tadpole Biology Observing tadpole behavior and neural activity via their transparency. (00:20:59) Tracking Frogs in the Wild Research on how frogs navigate back to their tadpoles (00:24:31) Male vs. Female Navigation Testosterone’s influence on the ability to navigate more efficiently. (00:25:38) Toxin Tolerance Mechanisms A toxin-binding protein that allows frogs to avoid self-poisoning. (00:29:01) Origin of the Toxins The origin and mechanisms of the toxins found in frogs. (00:31:15) The Value of Basic Science How studying fundamental science can lead to unexpected applications. (00:33:10) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re in the midst of summer and we know that power outages can happen more frequently during this season due to higher temperatures and an increased demand for electricity. A couple years ago we sat down with Ram Rajagopal, an expert in the future of electrical power. He shared a few ways our existing system of massive power plants is slowly but surely giving way to a much leaner, decentralized system of small-scale power generation. Ram refers to this as a move from an “infrastructure-centric” model to a “human-centric” grid — one that will be much smarter, more inclusive and better able to adapt to the needs of individual users. It’s a topic that impacts all of us and we hope you’ll tune in again for a refresher on how the electric grid works and how it’s evolving. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Ram RajagopalConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Ram Rajagopal, a professor of engineering at Stanford University. (00:03:47) What is Powernet? Outline of Powernet—a decentralized, user-focused power grid vision. (00:05:34) Behind-the-Meter Intelligence Aiming to align supply and demand by understanding consumer needs. (00:07:58) Smart Dimmers & Data Privacy Balancing energy efficiency with privacy concerns in home automation. (00:10:05) Aggregators & Local Control Future energy sharing may rely on local devices and trusted middlemen. (00:11:50) Human Motivation & Energy Behavior Why both ethics and cost will drive user participation in energy decisions. (00:14:02) Teaching Energy Awareness A program teaching middle-schoolers to analyze home energy use. (00:16:17) Automating Energy Use Behavioral and systems changes to help align wellness with grid needs. (00:18:58) Grid Shift: Renewables & Storage How evolving the grid demands real-time monitoring and local resilience. (00:19:57) Sensors & Operational Safety The sensing technology that ensures transformers and lines stay within limits. (00:21:27) Smart Dairy: Cooling Cows with AI How smart fans and storage reduced a dairy farm’s energy output. (00:23:28) Building Trust with Farmers The collaborative process behind deploying the grid tech at the farm. (00:25:01) Smart Ventilation at Scale Scaling the ventilation tech tested on farms to improve public health spaces. (00:26:06) Equity in the Human-Centered Grid How price signals risk overburdening the most vulnerable communities. (00:28:22) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Law professor Daniel Ho says that the law is ripe for AI innovation, but a lot is at stake. Naive application of AI can lead to rampant hallucinations in over 80 percent of legal queries, so much research remains to be done in the field. Ho tells how California counties recently used AI to find and redact racist property covenants from their laws—a task predicted to take years, reduced to days. AI can be quite good at removing “regulatory sludge,” Ho tells host Russ Altman in teasing the expanding promise of AI in the law in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Daniel HoConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Dan Ho, a professor of law and computer science at Stanford University. (00:03:36) Journey into Law and AI Dan shares his early interest in institutions and social reform. (00:04:52) Misconceptions About Law Common misunderstandings about the focus of legal work. (00:06:44) Using LLMs for Legal Advice The current capabilities and limits of LLMs in legal settings. (00:09:09) Identifying Legislation with AI Building a model to identify and redact racial covenants in deeds. (00:13:09) OCR and Multimodal Models Improving outdated OCR systems using multimodal AI. (00:14:08) STARA: AI for Statute Search A tool to scan laws for outdated or excessive requirements. (00:16:18) AI and Redundant Reports Using STARA to find obsolete legislatively mandated reports (00:20:10) Verifying AI Accuracy Comparing STARA results with federal data to ensure reliability. (00:22:10) Outdated or Wasteful Regulations Examples of bureaucratic redundancies that hinder legal process. (00:23:38) Consolidating Reports with AI How different bureaucrats deal with outdated legislative reports. (00:26:14) Open vs. Closed AI Models The risks, benefits, and transparency in legal AI tools. (00:32:14) Replacing Lawyers with Legal Chatbot Why general-purpose legal chatbots aren't ready to replace lawyers. (00:34:58) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Psychiatrist Carolyn Rodriguez studies hoarding disorder and says that all of us have attachments to our possessions. But for many, these attachments can disrupt daily life and even pose health risks. For those with loved ones who struggle with hoarding disorder, she says treatments exist, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Lately, she’s been studying how virtual reality can augment CBT through virtual discarding practice and ways brain stimulation may improve symptoms. But, Rodriguez says, never underestimate the value of empathy for those in need of help, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Carolyn RodriguezConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Carolyn Rodriguez, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral science at Stanford University. (00:02:47) Motivation to Study Hoarding Disorder Why Carolyn chose to focus her research on hoarding disorder. (00:03:44) Collecting Versus Hoarding Distinguishing between normal behavior and clinically significant hoarding. (00:05:47) Prevalence of Hoarding Disorder The universality and pervasiveness of hoarding disorder. (00:07:11) The Brain Science Behind Hoarding Early neuroscience findings on attachment and discarding behavior. (00:08:47) Dopamine and Excessive Acquisition The connection between hoarding and potential dopamine reward pathways. (00:09:55) Risk Factors and Cognitive Challenges Personality traits, genetics, and processing difficulties involved in hoarding. (00:11:14) Gender Differences and Insight Issues Gender prevalence in treatment-seeking and the concept of anosognosia. (00:12:35) The “Why” Behind Hoarding How motivations and emotional attachments influence behavior. (00:13:50) Onset and Progression of Disorder Typical onset age, aging effects, and early warning signs. (00:15:05) Historical References to Hoarding Accounts from ancient literature of hoarding-like behavior (00:17:16) Attachment to Objects The emotional, aesthetic, and identity-based reasons people retain objects. (00:20:45) Current Treatment Options The treatment landscape, including lack of medications and focus on CBT. (00:22:30) Chronic Nature of Hoarding Disorder Framing hoarding as a long-term condition with hopeful outcomes. (00:23:08) Virtual Reality for Treatment A study on using VR to safely practice letting go of personal items. (00:25:58) Neuromodulation Research Using non-invasive brain stimulation to reduce acquisition urges. (00:27:00) Advice for Individuals and Families The importance of empathy and self-care for individuals and caregivers. (00:28:47) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Summer is in full swing and we hope you are enjoying it with family and friends. As we spend more time outdoors, it’s an opportune moment to revisit a conversation we had with Zakia Rahman, a dermatologist who shared a number of helpful measures we can take to care for our skin. She reminds us that skincare is about more than vanity — it’s about vitality. We hope you’ll tune in again and enjoy. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Zakia RahmanStanford Center on LongevityConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Zakia Rahman, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University. (00:01:57) The Impact of Digital Technologies How digital media shapes dermatology and self-perception (00:03:13) Effects of Self-Image on Dermatology Balancing vanity and vitality in modern skincare trends. (00:04:38) The Role of Lasers in Dermatology The uses and types of laser technology in dermatology. (00:08:17) Lasers in Skin Cancer Treatment How laser technology aids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer. (00:09:44) Progress in Skin Cancer Skin cancer prevention and the effectiveness of sun protection measures. (00:13:02) Effectiveness of Physical Sun Protection Guidance on protecting from UV damage using physical sun protection. (00:18:27) Ethnic Differences in Skin Health Differences in skin health and sun exposure across ethnic groups. (00:20:30) Tanning: Protective or Problematic? The science behind tanning and the skin’s role as an endocrine organ. (00:23:16) Aesthetics and Culture in Skin Care How cultural perceptions of beauty intersect with skincare and health. (00:25:38) Therapeutic Effects of Light Potential benefits of red light exposure from masks and sunsets. (00:28:28) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Lisa Goldman Rosas is an authority on public health who says that food insecurity goes deeper than hunger and can lead to chronic diabetes, heart disease, and even anxiety and depression. Rosas champions a concept she calls “nutrition security,” which focuses on food’s health value over mere calories. She discusses her work with “Recipe4Health,” an Alameda County-led program that issues produce prescriptions, offers health coaching, and integrates electronic health records to improve diets and well-being. Food is medicine, Rosas tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Lisa Goldman RosasRecipe4HealthConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Lisa Goldman Rosas, a professor of epidemiology and population health, medicine and pediatrics at Stanford University. (00:03:56) Journey Into Food & Health Lisa’s path from environmental science to food security and medicine. (00:05:54) Food Insecurity vs. Nutrition Security Distinguishing between food insecurity and nutrition security. (00:07:12) Food Choices Under Pressure Factors that contribute to food insecurity in families. (00:09:03) Health Impacts of Food Insecurity Links between food insecurity, chronic illness and mental health issues. (00:12:04) Government & Policy Support How programs like SNAP and WIC support food access. (00:14:15) Food as Medicine A growing movement connecting healthcare with nutrition support. (00:17:34) Trial Periods & Lasting Impact Why short-term programs can help families discover healthier habits. (00:21:27) What is Recipe4Health? An outline of a clinic-based produce and behavior prescription program. (00:24:07) When Disease Causes Food Insecurity How expensive chronic disease can push people into food insecurity. (00:24:23) Medicaid Waivers for Food Prescriptions The state level policy shifts that allow food as a reimbursable health expense. (00:26:27) Private Sector’s Role in Food Insecurity How companies are getting involved in promoting healthy foods. (00:27:34) Simple Tips for Eating Better Strategies to make small but impactful changes for eating healthier. (00:30:39) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Everyone has goals — some are monumental, others modest — but every goal matters. Join guest Szu-chi Huang, an expert in sustaining enthusiasm for individuals, customers, and employees across global corporations and organizations, as she delves into the science of motivation. Discover how the gap between where you are and where you want to be is bridged by a dynamic blend of psychology, sociology, behavioral economics, neuroscience, and the latest in AI. The secret to achieving your goals? Stay adaptable. If one approach falters, switch gears to keep your drive alive, Huang tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Szu-chi HuangConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Szu-Chi Huang, professor of marketing at Stanford GSB. (00:03:31) Studying Motivation Szu-chi shares what led her to study motivational science (00:04:03) Defining Motivation Motivation as the drive to close the gap between current and ideal self. (00:04:57) The Science of Motivation Studying motivation through behavioral and neurological data. (00:05:48) Why It Matters in Business How motivation science applies to leaders, teams, and customers. (00:06:39) Motivation Framework The strategies needed in order to stay motivated over time. (00:07:42) The Mindset of Motivation The different mindsets needed throughout the stages of motivation. (00:09:21) Motivating Kids to Choose Healthy A Collaboration with UNICEF to study what motivates children. (00:10:55) Gamified Coupons in Panama A study using gamified coupons to influence children's food choices. (00:14:26) Loyalty Programs as Motivation How customer reward programs act as structured goal journeys. (00:16:47) Progress Versus Purpose The different incentives needed in each stage of loyalty programs. (00:18:29) Retirement Saving Lessons How financial institutions apply motivational science to long-term goals. (00:21:12) Motivation in Social Context The role of social connections in goal pursuit and sustaining motivation. (00:26:10) Designing Apps for Motivation How redesigning user interfaces can help users stay motivated. (00:27:20) AI as a Motivation Coach Using AI to personalize feedback across all stages of goal pursuit. (00:30:09) Starting and Sustaining a Goal Practical strategies for launching and sustaining a goal. (00:31:57) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

It’s graduation season here at Stanford and students are getting ready to collect their diplomas and take their education out into the real world. A couple years ago, we sat down with Tina Seelig, a professor in our Management Science and Engineering department who’s done a lot of research on how we can teach skills including imagination, creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship — all things that can come in handy when you’re setting out to make a positive contribution to the world. We’re re-running this episode today, so whether you’re a new grad trying to figure out your next steps, or someone simply looking for a solution to a big challenge, we hope you’ll tune in again and be inspired.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Tina SeeligConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Tina Seelig, professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University. (00:02:04) Is Entrepreneurship Teachable? Whether entrepreneurial traits can be learned or are innate. (00:04:22) Parsing the Creative Process Differences between imagination, creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. (00:05:52) Universality of Entrepreneurial Skills How entrepreneurial skills apply to industries beyond tech. (00:07:33) Teaching with Framestorming A method to redefine problems before jumping to solutions. (00:10:29) Framestorming vs Brainstorming The concept of “framestorming” and why it’s critical for innovation. (00:12:05) Inventing the Future Course Tina’s course where students debate the ethics of emerging technologies. (00:13:35) Creativity and Ethical Considerations The importance of separating ideas from judgment while innovating. (00:16:20) Anticipating the Downside How students often identify ethical risks in technologies even experts miss. (00:18:49) Creativity and Leadership Why leaders need creative problem-solving and entrepreneurial thinking. (00:19:42) Teaching Leadership Cultivating leadership through values-driven education and training. (00:21:01) Combatting Leadership Stereotypes Creating diversity cohorts to show leadership comes in many forms. (00:22:58) How to Engineer Your Own Luck Outlining the differences between fortune, chance, and luck. (00:25:50) The Micro-Decisions of Luck How consistent effort and initiative lead to perceived “luck.” (00:27:34) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Jason Yeatman is an expert in the neurobiology of literacy whose lab is fostering a virtuous research cycle between academia and school communities, aligning scientific inquiry with real-world needs of students, parents, and educators. His lab has developed ROAR – the Rapid Online Assessment of Reading—a gamified, web-based dyslexia screening tool. ROAR provides fast, precise, and scalable assessments, helping educators identify and get support to struggling students. We’re aligning cutting-edge reading science with the challenges teachers face every day, Yeatman tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Listen to the end to hear a question from one of our listeners for Professor Renee Zhao, as well as Professor Zhao's response.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jason YeatmanRapid Online Assessment of Reading (ROAR)Jason and his team just launched ROAR@Home BETA, a parent research portal. Any parent who listens can sign up for ROAR here - https://roar.stanford.edu/signup/Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Jason Yeatman, a professor of pediatrics education and psychology at Stanford University. (00:03:12) Why Reading? Why Jason dedicated his career to studying reading acquisition. (00:04:12) Are We Built to Read? How reading is a relatively new invention using older brain systems. (00:06:41) Reading as a Continuum Whether reading ability is distributed like other genetic human traits. (00:07:53) Defining Dyslexia Reframing dyslexia as a label for support, not a binary diagnosis. (00:10:19) Phonological Awareness Understanding how speech sound recognition underpins reading. (00:13:37) Nature vs. Nurture The influence of both genetics and environment in reading ability. (00:16:40) The Origin of ROAR An online reading assessment tool created during the pandemic. (00:19:06) ROAR’s Effectiveness The accuracy in which ROAR can assess reading capability. (00:22:45) Reading Interventions That Work Expanding support with evidence-based interventions for all ages. (00:25:25) Personalized Diagnoses Tailoring interventions based on detailed individual skill diagnostics. (00:26:36) Scaling ROAR Scaling ROAR via an academic research-practice partnership model. (00:29:34) Infrastructure Behind ROAR The team and technology required to scale ROAR in schools. (00:31:54) Future of Reading Assessment Expanding ROAR to include other dimensions of reading development. (00:33:44) Reading Across Languages Why English poses more reading difficulties than many languages. (00:35:34) Listener Q&A New segment answering audience questions from past episodes. (00:37:46) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Neurobiologist Jamie Zeitzer is an expert on sleep – or, more accurately, an expert on why so many can’t sleep. He notes that, ironically, it’s often anxiety about sleep that prevents good sleep. In short, we lose sleep over lost sleep. Wearables and other tools can help but only to a point, and medications do not induce natural sleep. Instead, he counsels consistent routines, less stimulation at bedtime, and cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce worry about insomnia. Unfortunately, you can’t work harder to get better sleep – you have to learn to relax, Zeitzer tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jamie ZeitzerConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Jamie Zeitzer, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. (00:03:12) Understanding Circadian Rhythms How the biological clock regulates sleep and other body functions. (00:04:57) The Mystery of Sleep’s Purpose What is still unknown about the fundamental need for sleep. (00:06:00) Light and the Circadian Clock The impact light exposure has on the body’s internal sleep timing. (00:08:13) Day and Night Light Contrast The importance of creating a light-dark contrast for healthy rhythms. (00:11:18) Phones, Screens, and the Blue Light Whether blue light from screen use affects sleep quality. (00:13:49) Defining and Diagnosing Sleep Problems How stress and over-focus on sleep quality worsen insomnia. (00:16:02) Sleep Anxiety and Wearables The psychological downsides of sleep data from tracking devices. (00:17:14) CBT-I and Rethinking Insomnia Mentally reframing sleep with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. (00:21:21) Desynchronized Sleep Patterns Studying student sleep patterns to separate circadian vs. sleep effects. (00:23:49) Shift Work and Circadian Misalignment The difficulty of re-aligning circadian clocks in rotating shifts. (00:26:26) Effectiveness of Sleep Medications The various drugs used to promote sleep and their pros and cons. (00:29:46) Circadian “Sleep Cliff” and Melatonin The brain’s “wake zone” before sleep and the limited effects of melatonin. (00:32:52) Do’s & Don’ts for Better Sleep Advice for those looking to improve their sleep quality. (00:34:55) Alcohol and Caffeine Effects How metabolism influences the effects of alcohol and caffeine on sleep. (00:37:24) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Deborah Kado is a geriatrician who believes her field is misunderstood. Her interest in the science of aging began with a childhood encounter in a nursing home but recently resulted in intriguing work in which Kado linked microbes in the gut to vitamin D metabolism and poor sleep. Kado refuses to blame aging alone for health problems, advocating for better care regardless of age. It’s never too late to strive for better health, Kado tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Deborah KadoConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Deborah Kado, a professor of medicine and epidemiology at Stanford University. (00:03:22) Origin Story in Geriatrics How a childhood encounter led to Deborah’s career in geriatrics. (00:06:04) Geriatrics vs. Gerontology The clinical and research distinctions between the two related fields. (00:06:58) Rethinking Aging Reframing aging as a lifelong process rather than decline and loss. (00:08:34) Patient Care Approach Why symptoms should be investigated, not dismissed as inevitable aging. (00:11:33) Linking Bone Health, Gut, and Brain The surprising relationship between microbiomes, bones, and cognition. (00:14:34) Vitamin D: Storage vs. Active Form Why only the active form of vitamin D correlates with microbiome health. (00:17:22) Gut Health and Sleep How better sleep quality is linked to healthier microbiomes. (00:21:20) Medical Education & Geriatric Training The shortage of geriatrics training in U.S. medical schools. (00:23:08) Measuring Geriatric Knowledge The challenges and efforts to measure student knowledge about aging. (00:27:24) Takeaways for Medical Professionals Two anecdotes where symptoms were misattributed to old age. (00:30:51) Empowering Aging Patients Advice to aging individuals: agency, purpose, and not settling for less care. (00:34:02) Conclusion   Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

It's teacher appreciation week and along with schools across the country, we here at The Future of Everything want to send out a heartfelt thank you to the teachers who make a difference every day in the lives of our children and in society as a whole. In light of this, we’re re-running an education related episode, and more specifically one on the future of educational technology with the Dean of the Stanford School of Education, Dan Schwartz. Dan is exploring effective ways to use AI in the classroom to support teachers–not to replace them–and to enhance student learning. We hope you’ll take a moment to tune in again and enjoy. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Daniel SchwartzConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Dan Schwartz, Dean of the School of Education at Stanford University. (00:01:44) The Role of AI in Modern Education The widespread reactions and implications of AI in education. (00:02:59) Technology in the Classroom The historical and evolving relationship between technology and education. (00:04:51) Engaging Students with AI How AI can enhance engagement through innovative teaching. (00:07:45) Impact of AI on Student Learning The balance between AI tools and maintaining educational standards. (00:13:21) Challenges with EdTech Collaboration Concerns about industry prioritizing speed over creativity in learning tools. (00:15:23) Teachers Adapting to AI The role of teachers in effectively integrating AI into the classroom. (00:18:21) Assessment and Grading with AI The potential and concerns of using AI for educational assessment (00:22:16) AI and Conceptual Understanding How AI can shift focus from task completion to true understanding. (00:24:49) Physical Activity and Learning The connection between physical activity and improved learning outcomes. (00:28:59) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Lisa Patel is a pediatrician and an expert in environmental health who says that pollution is taking an increasing toll on children’s health. Pollution from wildfires, fossil fuels, and plastics can cause asthma, pneumonia, and risks dementia in the long-term. But, she says, all hope is not lost. Solutions range from DIY air filters to choosing induction stoves over gas, cutting down on meat consumption and plastics use, and pursuing clean energy, among other strategies. If we all take local action, we can solve this problem globally, Patel tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Lisa PatelConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Lisa Patel, a professor of pediatrics at Stanford University. (00:03:39) Climate Advocacy Journey The personal events that drove Lisa’s focus to environmental health. (00:04:53) Fossil Fuels and Clean Air Act How fossil fuels and weakened regulations harm public health. (00:07:20 Long-Term Health Impacts Links between pollution to asthma, cancer, and early Alzheimer’s. (00:10:12) Air Quality Guidance for Families Advising parents on air quality monitoring and precautions. (00:13:04) Indoor Cooking and Gas Pollution How pollution from gas stoves impacts indoor air quality. (00:14:37) Lead in Water and Health Risks Current issues with lead exposure in water for children. (00:16:24) Microplastics and Early Health Damage Evidence showing widespread microplastics are harmful to health. (00:19:12) Clean Energy Progress and Setbacks Benefits of renewable energy and dangers of policy rollback. (00:21:22) Active Transport and Better Air The environmental impact of increasing public transit. (00:22:44) Benefits of Electric Vehicles How electric vehicles are linked to cleaner air and healthier kids. (00:23:51) Plant-Forward Diets for Health Whether plant-forward diets aid personal and planetary health. (00:25:33) Kids Leading Dietary Changes Children’s reactions and adaptations to plant-forward diets. (00:28:12) Taking Local Action The local actions that can offer real solutions for change. (00:31:01) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Michael Wara is a lawyer and an expert in wildfire policy who says that solutions are out there, but face financial, political, and cultural resistance. What’s needed, he says, are “whole-of-society” approaches that raise wildfire risk to the community level. In this regard, the devastation in Los Angeles in 2025 could provide the spark needed for smarter communication, better policies, and renewed urgency on wildfires, Wara tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Michael WaraConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Michael Wara, a wildfire expert and professor of law at Stanford University. (00:03:17) Journey to Wildfire Research How Michael’s clean energy work led to wildfire research. (00:04:48) Communities at the Frontlines The community-level challenges and responsibilities in fire prevention. (00:07:05) Shifting Community Perspectives How awareness is rising but state efforts remain misaligned. (00:09:28) Legacy Homes, Modern Risk Why older homes pose a major risk and retrofitting is crucial. (00:11:06) The Limits of Utility-Led Safety Efforts The significant but insufficient progress utilities have made. (00:14:35) Targeting High-Risk Areas How utilities now prioritize high-risk areas for safety upgrades. (00:15:42) Insurance Industry Realities Why insurers can't price risk without crashing markets. (00:18:24) Urban Wildfires How today's major fires in suburbs are mostly fueled by homes. (00:23:24) The Climate Change Multiplier The impact of atmospheric dryness and fuel moisture on fire risk. (00:25:57) New Fire Regulations Recent mandates that have been implemented to decrease fire risk. (00:30:58) Hollywood’s Role in Culture Change Michael’s suggestion to showcase fire-safe landscaping. (00:33:04) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Physician and psychologist Heidi Feldman is a pioneer in the field of developmental behavioral pediatrics who says that the world’s understanding of childhood disability is changing and so too are the ways we approach it. Where once institutionalization was common, today we find integrative, family-centered approaches, charting a more humane, hopeful path forward. For example, for children born prematurely with increased likelihood of disability, increasing skin-to-skin contact – what is called  “kangaroo care” – can literally reshape that child’s brain development, she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Heidi M. FeldmanConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest  Heidi Feldman, professor of pediatrics at Stanford University. (00:03:26) Path to Developmental Pediatrics Heidi’s journey from education to developmental-behavioral pediatrics. (00:05:10) The Emergence of Developmental Pediatrics How developmental disabilities entered the medical mainstream. (00:07:30) Common Disorders in Children The most prevalent disabilities seen in practice and diagnostic trends. (00:09:46) Preterm Birth and Disability Risk Why premature birth is a major risk factor for developmental challenges. (00:13:53) Brain Connections and Outcomes How white matter and brain circuitry impact development. (00:17:09) Kangaroo Care’s Potential How skin-to-skin contact positively influences brain development. (00:21:30) Inclusive Family and Community Support Why integrated care and inclusive classrooms benefit all children. (00:23:37) Social and Economic Upsides Cost savings and increased independence from inclusive care. (00:24:33) Transitioning to Adult Care Gaps and opportunities in supporting disabled youth into adulthood. (00:27:12) Using AI to Improve Care Quality AI models help track whether care guidelines are being followed. (00:31:00) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The world of women’s sports is experiencing unprecedented growth, attention, recognition, and investment. Elite athletes including Simone Biles, Caitlin Clark, Serena Williams, and many others are having a significant impact on culture, and more women than ever are participating in both professional and recreational sports. Earlier this year, Russ sat down with Dr. Emily Kraus to talk about the future of female athletic health and we’re re-running the episode today. She shared a number of key differences between women and men in sport, and illuminates that these differences are vastly understudied, though she’s working to close that gap. This is an episode we shared with a number of athletes we know, and we hope you’ll do the same. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Emily Kraus  Emily’s Survey: Centering The Female Athlete Voice in a Sports Science Research AgendaStanford FASTR ProgramWu Tsai Human Performance AllianceConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Dr. Emily Kraus, professor of orthopedics at Stanford University. (00:01:55) Injury Trends in Female Athletes Prevalent injuries and health issues unique to female athletes. (00:03:34) Menstrual Health in Young Athletes How training affects puberty, periods, and long-term health. (00:06:30) Body Image & Mental Health Navigating body composition, stigma, and disordered eating. (00:08:30) Competing Through Motherhood Postpartum athletes and the need for more scientific support. (00:11:34) Sharing vs. Guarding Performance Data Whether female athletes are sharing information or staying competitive. (00:12:25) Fueling, Recovery & Modern Training Nutrition, rest, and strength training as key performance tools. (00:15:31) Gender-Based Nutrition Differences How under-researched female athletes are fueling without guidance. (00:18:55) The Female Athlete Voice Project What elite athletes want researched—and what’s missing. (00:21:21) FASTR & the Science of RED-S New initiatives addressing energy deficiency and performance. (00:24:05) Applying Elite Insights to All Women How weekend warriors can benefit from elite research. (00:25:11) Cultural Challenges in Sport Sexism, inequity, and overlooked institutional barriers. (00:27:03) Getting the Word Out Finding ways to educate athletes, coaches, and clinicians more effectively. (00:29:37) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Nora Freeman Engstrom is a professor of law who says that in three-quarters of cases one or more of the parties lacks legal representation. Worse yet, often the litigants are involved in high-consequence civil cases where there is no right to a lawyer and costs are prohibitive. Some states are looking at alternatives including non-lawyer representation, curated legal help for low-income citizens, and even AI, as Engstrom tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Nora Freeman EngstromConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Nora Freeman Engstrom, a professor of law at Stanford University. (00:03:11) Path to Justice Work Nora’s journey into legal ethics and justice reform. (00:04:46) Misconceptions About Civil Court How civil cases often involve one represented and one unrepresented party. (00:08:40) Limits of Judicial Help Why the U.S. adversarial system limits judicial involvement. (00:10:40) Problems with Self-Help The lack of reliable resources for people trying to represent themselves. (00:13:41) The Cost of Legal Help The high cost of representation and how legal aid is overwhelmed. (00:15:20) A Missing Middle How law lacks mid-level professionals to offer affordable legal help. (00:17:41) Expanding Legal Access Why law lacks mid-level roles and bans non-lawyer advice. (00:22:22) New Models for Legal Support The ways some states are testing trained non-lawyers to expand access. (00:27:22) Legal Help in the Past The history of legal access, including lawyers in banks and auto clubs. (00:30:29) Legal Protectionism How depression-era protectionism led to today’s lawyer-only model (00:32:48) The Role of AI in Legal Access The potential of AI for creating smarter legal tools for courts. (00:35:52) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Physician Tina Stankovic is an ear, nose, and throat specialist and a lover of music whose seemingly disparate pursuits — medicine and music — have led her to a groundbreaking career in hearing research. She recently worked with music legend Paul Simon during his well-publicized battle with hearing loss and he has become a vocal advocate for hearing research. New understandings and new approaches like regenerative medicine have put the once-impossible dream of hearing restoration within reach, Stankovic tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Konstantina M. StankovicStanford Researchers Assist Paul Simon with his Return to the StageInside the Stanford Initiative to Cure Hearing Loss: Cutting-Edge Science and InnovationConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Tina Stankovic, a professor of otolaryngology and neurosurgery at Stanford University. (00:03:36) Why Hearing Loss What inspired Tina’s lifelong journey into hearing science. (00:04:17) Treating Hearing Loss Limits of current options and lack of FDA-approved therapies. (00:05:23) Causes of Hearing Loss The two main categories of hearing loss: conductive vs. sensorineural. (00:07:47) Inside the Inner Ear The complexity of the inner ear, and why diagnosis is so difficult. (00:09:22) Tinnitus & Hearing Loss Why ear damage can cause phantom sounds in the brain. (00:10:28) Emerging Technologies in Hearing Research New technologies that are evolving treatment approaches. (00:15:19) Recreating the Ear in the Lab Challenges the inner ear’s unique composition pose to researchers. (00:20:02) AI Applications in Hearing Diagnosis The ways AI is transforming diagnosis and genetic analysis. (00:21:31) Can Ears Regrow? Why humans don’t regenerate ear cells—but mice might help. (00:23:55) Emotional & Social Toll of Hearing Loss How hearing loss can lead to isolation, stigma, and cognitive decline. (00:26:06) Born Deaf vs. Later Hearing Loss Experiential differences between those with early and late hearing loss. (00:27:52) Paul Simon’s Role and Advocacy How the artist got involved with Tina’s work and the initiative at Stanford. (00:29:44) Protecting Your Hearing Best practices for protecting your hearing. (00:33:21) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Michael Rau is a professor, theater director, and tech innovator in one. He says that today’s technologies – AI, gaming, interactive storytelling, and even email – are reshaping what performers can do on stage and how audiences experience those performances. The best of the stage has always been about reflecting life, and technology is part of how we live today. It belongs on the stage, as Rau tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Michael RauConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Michael Rau, a professor of theatre and performance studies at Stanford University. (00:03:16) Why Theater Needs Technology How AI and digital media are reshaping live performance. (00:05:15) AI & Emerging Theater Tech AI scripts, machine learning, AR, and interactive storytelling. (00:07:28) Theater as Food How both classic and experimental theatre styles can coexist. (00:10:13) The Relationship Between Theater & Gaming Theatrical storytelling and its deep connection to gaming. (00:14:40) The Debate on Liveness Whether live actors are necessary to theatre performances. (00:20:2) Temping: A Play Without Actors Rau’s theatrical piece where the audience becomes the protagonist. (00:25:38) AI’s Role in Theater AI-generated visuals and scripts reshape storytelling and performance. (00:30:44) AI-Driven Improv AI-driven improv requires new skills, blending structure with spontaneity. (00:33:44) Should Audiences Know AI Is Involved? How transparency increases audience engagement and appreciation (00:35:30) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We've been thinking a lot about culture recently, and reflecting on how–whether or not we’re aware of it–culture is a force that’s always exerting influence on us. It’s typically only when we get outside of our daily routine, our city or even our country, and are confronted with new ways of doing things that we can clearly see the values, norms, and practices that make up the culture we live in. Today, we’re re-running a thought-provoking conversation we had with Michele Gelfand about notions of what she calls “tight” and “loose” cultures. It’s a conversation that helps illuminate some of the invisible forces of culture, and also sheds light on how understanding these forces helps us better navigate the world. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Michele Gelfand Mindset QuizConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Michele Gelfand, a professor of psychology and business studies at Stanford University. (00:02:22) What is Culture? Defining culture as a set of norms, values, and beliefs. (00:03:36) The Tight-Loose Continuum Tight versus loose cultures and their enforcement of social norms. (00:06:20) Individual vs Societal Tight-Loose The differences in tight-loose orientation across individuals and nations. (00:08:25) Tight-Loose Across Societal Levels How history, ecology, and mobility shape cultural tightness or looseness. (00:11:25) Cultural Intelligence (CQ) The role of cultural intelligence in negotiations and leadership. (00:16:21) Tight-Loose in Personal & Professional Life Negotiating cultural differences in relationships and organizations. (00:19:53) Cultural Evolutionary Mismatch Cultural responses to crises and the influence of perceived vs. real threats. (00:23:45) Tight-Loose Differences in Business Cultural differences in mergers, acquisitions, and financial performance. (00:25:58) Improving Cultural Intelligence Whether individuals can improve their CQ through practice and exposure. (00:28:37) Tight-Loose in Politics The growing tight-loose divide in political and social issues. (00:31:09) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We are on the cusp of a materials revolution – in electronics, health care, and avionics – says guest engineer-scientist Eric Pop. For instance, silicon and copper have served electronics admirably for decades, he says, but at the nanoscale, better materials will be needed. Atomically thin two-dimensional semiconductors (like molybdenum disulfide) and topological semimetals (like niobium phosphide) are two candidates, but with AI tools to design new materials, the future is going to be really interesting, Pop tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Eric PopConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ introduces guest Eric Pop, a professor of electrical engineering and materials science at Stanford University (00:02:59) The Status of Electronics Today The stability of silicon and copper and the challenges with miniaturization. (00:06:25) Limits of Current Materials How miniaturization has increased speed but also created new bottlenecks. (00:10:29) Universal Memory The need for faster, non-volatile memory that integrates directly with the CPU. (00:14:57) The Search for Next-Gen Materials Exploring better materials for chips, from silicon to copper alternatives. (00:17:54) Challenges of Copper at Nanoscale Issues with copper at the nanoscale and the potential of niobium phosphate. (00:24:46) Two-Dimensional Semiconductors The potential of carbon nanotubes and 2D materials as replacements for silicon. (00:29:47) Nanoelectronics and Manufacturing The shift to 2D materials and the challenges in scaling up production (00:32:34) AI in Material Discovery AI’s potential in discovering and manufacturing new materials. (00:34:56) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Physician Ash Alizadeh has seen the future of disease diagnosis and monitoring. It is coursing through every patient’s veins. Traditionally, biopsies have required invasively gathering tissue – from a lung, a liver, or a fetus. Now it’s possible to look for disease without surgery. The DNA is sitting there in the bloodstream, Alizadeh tells host Russ Altman, as they preview the age of liquid biopsies on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Ash A. Alizadeh, MD/PhDConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Ash Alizadeh, a faculty member at Stanford University in Oncology and Medicine. (00:03:39) What is a Liquid Biopsy? Accessing tissues non-invasively using bodily fluids. (00:04:31) Detecting Cancer with Liquid Biopsies How localized cancers can be detected through blood samples. (00:06:32) The Science Behind Cancer DNA Detection The differences between normal and cancer DNA (00:09:51) How Liquid Biopsy Technology Works The technologies behind detecting cancer-related DNA differences. (00:12:36) Advances in Liquid Biopsy New detection approaches using non-mutant molecules and RNA. (00:14:10) RNA as a Real-Time Tumor Marker How RNA reveals active tumor processes and drug resistance. (00:15:55) Tracking Cancer Reccurence Using tumor-informed panels to monitor cancer recurrence. (00:16:28)  Adapting to Tumor Evolution Why core mutations remain detectable despite cancer changes. (00:17:57) Stability of DNA, RNA, and Methylation Comparing durability and reliability of different biomarkers. (00:20:49) Listener Question: Early Cancer Detection Daniel Kim asks about pre-cancer detection and its potential impact. (00:24:44) Liquid Biopsy in Immunotherapy Using liquid biopsy to track and improve immune-based treatments. (00:27:35) Monitoring CAR T-Cell Therapy How liquid biopsy helps assess immune cell expansion. (00:32:02) EPIC-Seq: Inferring RNA from DNA Using DNA fragmentation to predict gene expression in tumors. (00:34:49) Targeting Tumor Support Systems Treatment strategies disrupting the tumor microenvironment. (00:35:52) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

February is American Heart Month, and in light of that, we’re bringing back an episode about a group here at Stanford Engineering that’s developing 3D printing methods for human tissues and organs, a process known as bioprinting. Motivated in part by the critical need for heart transplants, Mark Skylar-Scott and his team are specifically working to bioprint tissues of the human heart. It may sound like science fiction, but it’s actually just another example of the groundbreaking research we do here. We hope you’ll take another listen and be inspired by the possibilities. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Mark A. Skylar-ScottMark’s Lab: The Skylar-Scott Lab | Stanford MedicineConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest, Mark Skylar-Scott, a professor of bioengineering at Stanford University. (00:02:06) What is Bioprinting? The role of cells and biopolymers in printing functional biological structures. (00:03:31) Bioprinting a Heart The potential of printing organs on demand, especially heart tissue. (00:04:38) Obtaining Cells for Bioprinting Using stem cells derived from the patient's own cells to create heart tissue. (00:06:29) Creating Multiple Cell Types for the Heart The challenge of printing eleven different heart cell types with precision. (00:08:50) The Scaffold for 3D Printing The support material used in 3D printing and how it’s later removed. (00:10:10) Cell Migration and Organ Formation How cells organize themselves to form functional heart tissue. (00:12:08) Growing a Full-Sized Heart Whether they’re printing full-sized hearts or starting with smaller organs. (00:13:34) Avoiding Overgrowth Risks The role of bioreactors in shaping the early stages of the organ. (00:14:57) Scaling Up Cell Production The need to generate massive numbers of cells for experimentation. (00:18:32) The Challenge of Vascularization Creating a blood vessel network to supply oxygen and nutrients. (00:22:35) Ethical Considerations in Bioprinting Consent, stem cell sourcing, and the broader ethical landscape. (00:26:04) The Timeline for Bioprinted Organs The long timeline for bioprinted organs to reach clinical use. (00:27:24) The State of the Field & Collaboration The collaborative, competitive biofabrication field and its rapid progress. (00:28:20) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Welcome to Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything, the podcast that delves into groundbreaking research and innovations that are shaping the world and inventing the future. The University has a long history of doing work to positively impact the world and it's a joy to share about the people who are doing this work, what motivates them, and how their work is creating a better future for everybody. Join us every Friday for new episodes featuring insightful conversations with Stanford faculty and to discover how Stanford's research is transforming tomorrow's world.   Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Kristy Red-Horse is a biologist who specializes in coronary artery development and disease. She says the latest advances in treatment of blockages could do away with invasive bypass surgeries in favor of growing new arteries using molecules like CXCL12, known to promote artery regrowth in mice. Red-Horse explains how leaps forward in medical imaging, expanding atlases of gene expressions, and new drug delivery mechanisms could someday lead to trials in humans. But, before that day can arrive, much work remains, as Red-Horse tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Kristy Red-HorseKristy’s Lab: Red-Horse LabConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Kristy Red-Horse, a professor of biology at Stanford University. (00:03:46) Replacing Open-Heart Surgery Why bypass surgery is invasive, risky, and requires long recovery. (00:05:09) Challenges in Artery Growth The difficulty of targeting artery growth with medical interventions. (00:07:32) The Role of Collateral Arteries Definition and function of collateral arteries as natural bypass. (00:09:37) Triggers for Natural Bypass Formation Genetic factors that may influence the growth of these bypass arteries. (00:10:49) Unique Properties of Coronary Arteries Challenges of ensuring artificial growth replicates natural artery function. (00:13:04) The Discovery of CXCL12 A key molecule that stimulates collateral artery formation. (00:16:16) Precise Artery Growth Control The results of targeted CXCL12 injections into mice hearts. (00:17:32) CXCL12’s Overlooked Role The molecule’s role in the immune system and stem cells. (00:20:27) Guinea Pigs and Heart Attack Resistance How guinea pigs naturally develop collaterals. (00:23:19) Preventing Heart Disease Using artery growth treatments to target early-stage coronary disease. (00:25:25) Breakthroughs in Imaging Technology New technology that enables identification of collateral growth pathways. (00:27:07) How Collateral Arteries Form The two mechanisms in which new arteries form. (00:28:48) The Future of Medical Artery Growth The possibility of eliminating bypass surgery with targeted artery growth. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Materials scientist and physicist Guosong Hong is an expert in getting materials to do remarkable things. Recently, he and collaborators used a common food dye found in snack chips to turn living tissue transparent, allowing light to penetrate through skin and muscle. Hong is now working to realize a new age of medical imaging that lets doctors see deep into the body – without surgery. It’s a miracle of physics but it could change medicine, Hong tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: ​​Guosong HongGuosong's Lab: THE HONG LABConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Guosong Hong, an expert in physics, material science, and biology from Stanford University. (00:02:52) Material Science Meets Neuroscience How Guosong’s research blends nanomaterials and brain science. (00:04:01) Why Tissue Isn’t Transparent The challenge of light penetration in biological tissues. (00:05:55) A New Approach to Tissue Clearing The physics behind tissue transparency and refractive index manipulation. (00:08:57) UV Light and Transparency How manipulating UV absorption can align refractive indexes. (00:11:17) First Experiments and Results Initial tests that demonstrate successful tissue clearing. (00:13:19) Applications in Medicine The potential of transparent tissues in dermatology and medical imaging. (00:15:36) Testing on Live Tissue The results of testing transparency techniques on live mice. (00:19:30) Transparency in Nature How some species have naturally transparent tissue. (00:20:52) Human Eye and Protein Transparency The unique proteins that keep our lenses clear using similar physics. (00:23:24) Wireless Light Inside the Body The development of ultrasound-activated light sources for tissue imaging. (00:26:56) Precision of Ultrasound Light How precisely ultrasound can trigger tiny particles to emit light. (00:29:14) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

With the tremendous amount of information available to us today, the ability to discern what’s reliable from what’s not is crucial to combating the spread of misinformation. In 2023, we sat down with Jonathan Osborne, an expert in science education to talk about the tools our students (and really all of us!) need to critically evaluate science news and information. We hope you’ll tune into this episode again to hear about the three valuable skills Osborne says we should be teaching our students so they can debunk scientific misinformation. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jonathan OsborneConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Jonathan Osborne, a professor of education at Stanford University. (00:01:50) State of Science Education Current education's failure to prepare students for misinformation. (00:03:46) Internet-Age Challenges Why younger generations struggle with evaluating credibility online. (00:05:07) Tools for Evaluating Claims Three key questions to assess scientific credibility. (00:08:10) Teaching Credibility Using interactive challenges to teach critical thinking. (00:10:46) Attitudes Toward Science Flaws in the way science education is currently taught to youth. (00:14:28) Barriers to Reform Resistance to curriculum changes and systemic challenges. (00:19:02) Scientific Argumentation The importance of teaching reasoning behind scientific discoveries. (00:24:03) Modes of Scientific Argumentation Deductive, abductive, and inductive reasoning as key scientific methods. (00:25:45) Inspiring Curiosity in Science Framing science as imaginative, evidence-backed ideas to engage students. (00:28:06) Adapting Science Standards The need for flexible standards to address evolving education challenges. (00:29:57) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Oceanographer Kristen Davis, an authority on ocean physics and climate sustainability, discusses the growing excitement around seaweed and kelp as tools to combat climate change. Like trees on land, these underwater plants use photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into organic matter. When they die, some of that carbon may sink to the ocean depths. However, the science is still evolving and there’s a lot we don’t yet understand about how seaweed farming might impact carbon sequestration. Davis shares insights into the ongoing research and its promise on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast with host Russ Altman. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Kristen DavisConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Kristen Davis, a professor of oceans at Stanford University. (00:03:20) Understanding the CO2 Problem The origins of the CO2 problem and its connection to ocean dynamics. (00:06:11) Seaweed as a Solution Seaweed's potential as a carbon sink and its comparison to terrestrial trees. (00:09:02) Challenges in Seaweed Cultivation Ecological impacts and practical challenges of scaling seaweed farming. (00:12:00) How a Seaweed-Based Solution Works Logistics for seaweed farming nearshore and in deep ocean settings. (00:15:08) Genetic Advances in Seaweed Farming Bioengineering seaweed for resilience and optimizing carbon capture. (00:16:43) Seaweed Beyond Carbon Storage Potential uses of seaweed for biofuel, food, and reducing methane. (00:20:20) Internal Waves in Ocean Dynamics Internal waves and their role in mixing and nutrient distribution. (00:24:18) Currents vs. Internal Waves The relationship between ocean currents and internal waves. (00:26:47) Measurement Technologies Innovations in fiber-optic sensors for mapping internal waves. (00:30:22) A Global Wave Map The vision for a comprehensive, global study of internal wave dynamics. (00:31:22) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Nephrologist Manjula Tamura discusses the downsides of kidney dialysis, especially for old or frail patients. Her field has set its sights on offering alternatives, including supportive medical management without dialysis, dialysis in increments, wearable artificial kidneys, and transplanted kidneys from genetically modified pigs – in addition to advances in preventive care that can help humans avoid kidney failure in the first place. Dialysis can extend life, she says, but it is a lifestyle change. The goal is to ensure that every patient’s choice aligns with their values and life goals, Tamura tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Manjula Kurella TamuraConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest, Manjula Tamura, a professor of medicine and nephrology at Stanford University Medical School. (00:02:58) The Kidney’s Vital Role The kidney’s role and why its failure is life-threatening. (00:04:51) Causes of Kidney Failure The leading causes of kidney failure in developed countries. (00:07:58) Kidney Transplantation The feasibility, barriers, and supply challenges of kidney transplantation. (00:09:50) The Dialysis Process How hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis work and patient experiences. (00:14:07) The Evolution of Dialysis Treatment The history of dialysis and how Medicare’s expansion influenced its use. (00:18:48) Study Design: Emulating Clinical Trials Using VA electronic health records to simulate trials on dialysis. (00:25:31) Findings: Survival vs. Time at Home The trade-offs between extended survival and reduced time at home. (00:27:02) Quality of Life and Dialysis Measuring quality of life impacts through electronic health records. (00:30:32) The Future of Kidney Treatments Innovations like xenotransplantation and wearable artificial kidneys. (00:33:04) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Renee Zhao works at the cutting-edge of robotic surgery – literally. Emboldened by advances in 3D-printing and miniaturization, she builds “millibots,” magnet-controlled, millimeter-scale soft robots that navigate the bloodstream to remove blood clots and treat brain aneurysms. While the millibot’s promise is clear, much work remains before the devices are commonplace. Revolutionizing health care with surgical robots will require a delicate balance of design, buildability, and functionality, Zhao tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile:  Renee ZhaoConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Renee Zhao, a professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University. (00:03:34) Robotic Surgery and Healthcare Renee’s inspiration for soft robotics and its potential in healthcare applications. (00:05:49) Current Status of Robotic Surgery Current robotic surgery technologies and the push for more advanced solutions. (00:09:32) Nature-Inspired Soft Robotics How soft robotic systems are ideal for working within delicate human tissues. (00:11:41) Millirobotic Systems Recently developed millimeter-sized robots that swim and navigate blood vessels. (00:14:46) Millirobot Control The role of magnetic fields and imaging technology for robot navigation. (00:17:18) Treating Blood Clots and Aneurysms The multifunctional abilities of robots to deliver drugs and treat blood clots. (00:19:46) Doctor’s Reaction to New Technology Excitement for the new robotic advancements amongst the need for better tools. (00:21:04) Trends in Robot Size and Functionality The design challenges for creating small yet functional robots. (00:25:52) AI and Machine Learning in Robotic Design AI’s role in optimizing robot design for specific patients. (00:28:59)  Why Millimeter-Scale Robots Why millirobots strike the right balance for performance and functionality. (00:32:34) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Happy New Year! For many of us, a new year brings a renewed sense of motivation when it comes to health. Earlier this year, Russ sat down to speak with Jonathan Long, a Stanford biochemist who studies the chemicals produced during exercise. The conversation was one of our most popular during 2024 and today we’re re-sharing it. As many of us look to create healthy habits in 2025, we hope you’ll tune in to hear the exciting research Professor Long is doing to better understand the deep chemical connections between diet, exercise, and human health.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jonathan Z. LongJohnathan’s Lab: LongLab@StanfordConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Johnathan Long, a professor of pathology at Stanford University. (00:01:55) Effective Weight Loss Drugs The history and development of GLP-1 receptor agonists. (00:03:27) Understanding Metabolism and Exercise The role of metabolic chemicals released during physical activity. (00:05:02) Animal Models in Exercise Studies  The use of animal models in exercise studies and the discovery of Lac-Phe. (00:06:40) Psychological Preparation for Exercise  The psychology of exercise preparation and the involvement of endocannabinoids. (00:08:53) Lac-Phe's Role and Mechanism  Lac-Phe’s role in suppressing appetite and its production in the gut. (00:11:46) Differences in Exercise Response  Exercise response between trained athletes and untrained individuals. (00:12:50) Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases  The relationship between diabetes, exercise, and metabolic diseases. (00:14:54) Lac-Phe as a Potential Therapeutic  Lac-Phe’s potential and parallels to the early stages of GLP-1 drug development. (00:16:13) Importance of How Weight is Lost  The importance of losing fat while preserving lean muscle mass. (00:19:04) Exercise as Medicine  The need to define physical activity at the same resolution as modern medicines. (00:22:03) Metformin and Exercise Pathways  The unexpected connection between metformin and the Lac-Phe pathway. (00:23:53) Prospects of an Exercise Pill  The future of an exercise pill, and challenges associated with its development. (00:26:57) Conclusion  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Happy Holidays! However you’re celebrating, we hope you’re able to find time to connect with friends, family, and loved ones. To accompany you through the season, we’re re-running one of our most popular episodes from 2024, the future of skin longevity with Professor Zakia Rahman. As an expert in dermatology, Professor Rahman explains that our skin is our most photographed organ, and taking care of it is not about vanity but rather vitality. Tune in to hear our conversation about everything from laser therapies to sun protection. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Zakia RahmanStanford Center on LongevityConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Zakia Rahman, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University. (00:02:05) The Impact of Digital Technologies  How digital technologies and image exposure affect dermatology and self-perception. (00:03:20) Effects of Self-Image on Dermatology  Balancing vanity and vitality in modern skincare trends. (00:04:46) The Role of Lasers in Dermatology  The use of laser technology in dermatology, including types and applications. (00:08:25) Lasers in Skin Cancer Treatment  How laser technology aids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer. (00:09:52) Progress in Skin Cancer  Skin cancer prevention and the effectiveness of sun protection measures. (00:13:10) Effectiveness of Physical Sun Protection  The protective benefits of everyday clothing versus specialized sun-protective gear. (00:18:35) Ethnic Differences in Skin Health  The differences in skin health and sun exposure across various ethnic groups. (00:23:24) Aesthetic and Cultural Implications in Skin Care  How cultural perceptions of beauty intersect with skincare and overall health. (00:25:46) Therapeutic Effects of Light  The potential skincare benefits of red light therapy and its popularity. (00:28:33) Conclusion  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Leanne Williams is an expert in depression. The first thing that she wants the world to know is that depression is not some sort of character flaw, but a real illness with symptoms that can impair one’s ability to function day to day. The past decade has seen remarkable advances, she says, as functional MRI has opened new avenues of understanding depression’s mechanisms and its treatments. These are hopeful times for the science of depression, Williams tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile:  Leanne WilliamsConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Leanne Williams, a professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stanford University. (00:02:13) What Is Depression? Distinguishing clinical depression from everyday sadness. (00:04:02) Current Depression Treatment Challenges The trial-and-error of traditional depression treatments and their extended timelines. (00:06:46) Brain Mapping and Circuit Dysfunctions Advanced imaging techniques and their role in understanding depression. (00:09:33) Diagnosing with Brain Imaging How brain imaging can complement traditional diagnostic methods in psychiatry. (00:10:52) Depression Biotypes Identifying six distinct biotypes of depression through brain imaging (00:14:41) Biotypes and Personalized Treatments How biotypes allow for targeted therapies and improve treatment outcomes. (00:19:33) AI in Depression Treatment Using AI to refine biotypes and predict treatment outcomes with greater accuracy. (00:22:45) Psychedelics in Depression Treatment The potential for psychedelic drugs to target specific biotypes of depression. (00:24:16) Expanding the Biotypes Framework Integrating multimodal approaches into the biotype framework. (00:27:59) Reducing Stigma in Depression How showing patients their brain imaging results reduces self-blame and stigma. (00:30:08) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Michael Greicius is an authority on Alzheimer’s disease. He makes the case that while effective treatments have remained elusive, there are high hopes for new approaches that target tau proteins in the brain associated with the disease. In the meantime, to reduce Alzheimer’s risk stay active, eat well, and manage circulatory risks, but skip genetic testing for now until better treatments emerge, Greicius tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile:  Michael GreiciusConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Michael Greicius, a professor of neurology and neurological sciences at Stanford University. (00:02:12) Understanding Alzheimer's Disease The roles of amyloid and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease. (00:04:53) Challenges in Developing Treatments The multiple hurdles in creating Alzheimer's therapies. (00:09:07) Current Alzheimer's Drugs The controversies and limitations of recently approved drugs. (00:10:23) Amyloid Plaques and Their Impact Why removing amyloid plaques hasn’t improved patient outcomes. (00:14:29) Problems with Alzheimer's Trials The disconnect between amyloid removal and patient outcomes. (00:18:03) Functional Unblinding and Trial Bias How functional unblinding affects trial results and drug evaluations. (00:23:51) The Potential of Targeting Tau New breakthroughs in targeting tau protein for Alzheimer’s. (00:26:35) The Future of Prevention Potential preemptive treatments for Alzheimer's and their administration. (00:29:19) Lifestyle and Risk Reduction Recommendations for reducing risk of Alzheimer’s disease. (00:31:43) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Two-time guest Nate Persily is a professor of law and policy who studies the intersection of artificial intelligence and democracy. AI is creeping into democracy, he says, and 2024 saw its share of deepfakes and synthetic media, but with surprisingly little impact. His bigger concern is the opposite – politicians claiming the truth to be fake. It breeds distrust and, for democracy, that’s more pernicious, Persily tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile:  Nathaniel PersilyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Nate Persily, a professor of law at Stanford University. (00:02:49) How AI Impacts Democracy AI's role in influencing elections and its implications for democratic systems. (00:03:38) Deepfakes and the Election The limited impact of deepfakes and emerging disinformation trends. (00:04:37) Is Skepticism Beneficial? The role of skepticism in navigating AI-driven disinformation. (00:06:06) AI and Social Media How AI powers social media and its implications for democratic dialogue. (00:08:40) AI Monopoly and Democracy Risks of concentrated AI power among tech giants. (00:12:03) Risks of Open AI Models Balancing innovation and misuse risks of open AI models. (00:17:20) Regulating AI Global efforts to regulate AI and lessons from the European AI Act. (00:19:54) The Global AI Race The international race to balance progress and safeguards with AI. (00:23:35) Global South and AI The digital divide and role of open models in under-resourced nations. (00:25:05) AI in Legal Practice Potential and challenges of AI in law, from drafting to adjudication. (00:28:55) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The field of robotics has a long history at Stanford Engineering, and Professor Oussama Khatib has been a pioneering leader in that field, working on everything from human-interactive robots to underwater exploration, pushing the boundaries of what robots can do. Most recently, he’s led the opening of a new Robotics Center at Stanford. Today we’re bringing back the conversation we had with him about his work on OceanOneK — a humanoid robot who now has a new home in the Robotics Center. Join us as we talk about his journey, his vision for the future of robotics, and how his research is transforming the way humans interact with machines. We hope you enjoy the episode!  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Oussama KhatibStanford Robotics LabConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Oussama Khatib, a professor of engineering at Stanford University. (00:01:54) Underwater Robotics Advancements Innovations in underwater robotics, including breakthroughs for deeper exploration. (00:05:35) New Flotation Materials The discovery of lightweight, strong flotation materials for deep-sea robots. (00:06:25) Robot Battery Challenges The challenges of powering robots at extreme depths. (00:09:09) Importance of Anthropomorphic Design Why humanoid features are essential for performing delicate underwater tasks. (00:14:20) Robotic Design Challenges The design of lightweight robotic arms that can withstand underwater pressure. (00:19:51) Ease of Use for Operators How both novices and experts can quickly adapt to controlling these robots. (00:22:37) Applications in Biology and Archaeology Future applications in marine biology and underwater archaeology. (00:26:12) Search and Rescue Potential The potential for robots to assist in search and rescue missions. (00:27:48) Future of Deep-Sea Exploration The future of deep-sea exploration using robotics. (00:29:40) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest James Landay is an expert in human-centered artificial intelligence, a field all about optimizing technology for human and societal good. Landay says one of the most promising intersections is in education and AI, where the technology excels as a coaching and tutoring tool. His Smart Primer and Acorn apps use augmented reality and AI to engage children in outdoor, hands-on environmental science, and his GPT Coach is an AI-powered fitness planning tool. When it comes to AI and education, things are wide open and only just getting started, Landay tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: James LandaySmart PrimerConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest James Landay, a professor of computer science at Stanford University. (00:02:04) Evolving AI Applications How large language models can replicate personal coaching experiences. (00:06:44) Role of Health Experts in AI Integrating insights from medical professionals into AI coaching systems. (00:10:21) Personalization in AI Coaching How AI coaches can adapt personalities and avatars to cater to user preferences. (00:12:51) Group Dynamics in AI Coaching Pros and cons of adding social features and group support to AI coaching systems. (00:14:08) Ambient Awareness in Technology Ambient awareness and how it enhances user engagement without active attention. (00:17:44) Using AI in Elementary Education Narrative-driven tutoring systems to inspire kids' learning and creativity. (00:22:59) Encouraging Student Writing with AI Using LLMs to  motivate students to write  through personalized feedback. (00:23:52) Scaling AI Educational Tools The ACORN project and creating dynamic, scalable learning experiences. (00:27:58) Human-Centered AI The concept of human-centered AI and its focus on designing for society. (00:30:34) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Climate change authority Noah Diffenbaugh says that the effects of climate change are no longer theoretical but apparent in everyday, tangible ways. Still, he says, it is not too late to better understand the effects of climate change, to mitigate them through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and other measures, and to adapt how we live in the face of a warmer planet. Society is falling behind in its ability to deal with increasingly extreme climate events but solutions are not out of reach, Diffenbaugh tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Noah DiffenbaughConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Noah Diffenbaugh, a professor of Earth System Science at Stanford University. (00:02:34) Global Impact of Climate Change The major areas where climate change is having the greatest impact globally. (00:03:27) Climate Phenomena and Humans Connecting climate science with localized human impacts (00:06:16) Understanding Climate Forcing The concept of "climate forcing" and its significance in Noah’s research. (00:10:00) Geoengineering and Climate Interventions The potential and risks of intentional climate interventions. (00:21:18) Adaptation to Climate Change How humans are adapting to climate change and why we might be falling behind. (00:25:19) Increase in Extreme Events Why extreme climate events are becoming exponentially more frequent and severe. (00:28:34) AI in Climate Research How AI is revolutionizing climate research by enabling predictive capabilities. (00:32:26) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Climate modeler Aditi Sheshadri says that while weather forecasting and climate projection are based on similar science, they are very different disciplines. Forecasting is about looking at next week, while projection is about looking at the next century. Sheshadri tells host Russ Altman how new data and techniques, like low-cost high-altitude balloons and AI, are reshaping the future of climate projection on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Aditi SheshadriConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Aditi Sheshadri, a professor of Earth systems science at Stanford University. (00:02:58) Climate Projection vs. Weather Forecasting The differences between climate projection and weather forecasting. (00:04:58) The Window of Chaos The concept of the "window of chaos" in climate modeling. (00:06:11) Scale of Climate Models The limitations and scale of climate model boxes. (00:08:19) Computational Constraints Computational limitations on grid size and time steps in climate modeling. (00:10:56) Parameters in Climate Modeling Essential parameters measured, such as density, temperature, and water vapor. (00:12:18) Oceans in Climate Models The role of oceans in climate modeling and their integration into projections. (00:14:35) Atmospheric Gravity Waves Atmospheric gravity waves and their impact on weather patterns. (00:18:51) Polar Vortex and Cyclones Research on the polar vortex and on tropical cyclone frequency. (00:21:53) Climate Research and Public Awareness Communicating climate model findings to relevant audiences. (00:23:33) New Data Sources How unexpected data from a Google project aids climate research, (00:25:09) Geoengineering Considerations Geoengineering and the need for thorough modeling before intervention. (00:28:19) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Halloween may be behind us in the US but here at The Future of Everything we’re not quite done with spooky season. If you’re pairing your trick-or-treat haul with some scary movies, we invite you to revisit with us a conversation Russ had with Lawrence Wein a couple years ago about the work he’s doing in forensic genetic genealogy to crack cold cases. Professor Wein shares how he’s using math to catch criminals through traces of their DNA. It’s both haunting and hopeful, and we hope you’ll take another listen. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Lawrence M. WeinLawrence’s Paper: Analysis Of The Genealogy Process In Forensic Genetic GenealogyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Lawrence Wein, professor of management science at Stanford University. (00:02:18) Forensic Genealogy Explained Forensic genetic genealogy and its impact on solving unsolved crimes. (00:04:31) Third-Party Databases in Genealogy Insight into databases that allow law enforcement to search for criminal suspects. (00:08:23) Math Models in Genealogy Using mathematical models to streamline genealogy work. (00:11:31) Components of the Genealogy Algorithm The algorithm's methods, including ascending and descending family trees. (00:14:12) Algorithm Efficiency and Comparison Comparing the new algorithm's effectiveness to traditional genealogy strategies. (00:16:53) Algorithm in Practice Role of human input alongside the mathematical algorithm in genealogy cases. (00:20:42) Role of Genealogists Genealogists’ insights on balancing human skill and mathematical algorithms. (00:22:45) DNA Databases and Ethics The ethical and privacy concerns related to using genetic data. (00:27:01) Background and Interest in Forensic Genealogy Lawrence’s journey from operations management to forensic genealogy. (00:30:16) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Returning guest Marco Pavone is an expert in autonomous robotic systems, such as self-driving cars and autonomous space robots. He says that there have been major advances since his last appearance on the show seven years ago, mostly driven by leaps in artificial intelligence. He tells host Russ Altman all about the challenges and progress of autonomy on Earth and in space in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile:  Marco PavoneCenter for AEroSpace Autonomy Research (CAESAR)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Marco Pavone, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford. (00:02:37) Autonomous Systems in Everyday Life Advancements in the real-world applications of autonomous systems. (00:03:51) Evolution of Self-Driving Technologies The shift from fully autonomous cars to advanced driver assistance systems. (00:06:36) Public Perception of Autonomous Vehicles How people react to and accept autonomous vehicles in everyday life. (00:07:49) AI’s and Autonomous Driving The impact of AI advancements on autonomous driving performance. (00:09:52) Simulating Edge Cases for Safety Using AI to simulate rare driving events to improve safety and training. (00:12:04) Autonomous Vehicle Communication Communication challenges between autonomous vehicles and infrastructure. (00:15:24) Risk-Averse Planning in Autonomous Systems How risk-averse planning ensures safety in autonomous vehicles. (00:18:43) Autonomous Systems in Space The role of autonomous robots in space exploration and lunar missions. (00:22:47) Space Debris and Collision Avoidance The challenges of space debris and collision avoidance with autonomous systems. (00:24:39) Distributed Autonomous Systems for Space Using distributed autonomous systems in space missions for better coordination. (00:28:40) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Physicist Matthias Kling studies photons and the things science can do with ultrafast pulses of X-rays. These pulses last just attoseconds – a billionth of a billionth of a second, Kling says. He uses them to create slo-mo “movies” of electrons moving through materials like those used in batteries and solar cells. The gained knowledge could reshape fields like materials science, ultrafast and quantum computers, AI, and medical diagnostics, Kling tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: SStanford Profile: Matthias KlingMatthias’ Lab: SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Matthias Kling, a professor of photon science and applied physics at Stanford University. (00:02:52) Ultrafast Electronics Overview The technologies enabling ultrafast photonics and electronic advancements. (00:05:32) Attosecond Science Applications Capturing electron and molecular movements with attosecond pulses. (00:09:31) Photoelectric Effect Insights Attosecond science’s impact on understanding the photoelectric effect and quantum mechanics. (00:13:27) Real-Time Molecular Measurements Using light waves to capture images of molecules at room temperature. (00:19:32) Future of Ultrafast Electronics How attosecond light pulses could revolutionize computing with petahertz speed. (00:23:28) Energy-Efficient Quantum Computing Potential for room-temperature quantum computers using light wave electronics. (00:26:33) AI and Machine Learning in Science AI's role in optimizing research and data collection in ultrafast electronics. (00:28:51) Real-Time AI Data Analysis Machine learning enables real-time analysis of massive experimental data. (00:32:15) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re just weeks away from a national election, and in our polarized society, we all know it can be difficult to find and create spaces for thoughtful policy discussions. A couple of years ago, James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford, joined the podcast. He talked about a system called deliberative polling that can serve as a model for structuring small group discussions to help bring people together and bridge differences in conversations about some of the most politically fraught issues. It’s an opportune time to bring this conversation back for another listen and we hope our discussion helps as you go about your conversations through this political season and beyond.   Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: James FishkinJames’ Lab: Deliberative Democracy LabConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford. (00:01:31) What is Deliberative Democracy? The concept of deliberative democracy and how it addresses political divides. (00:03:47) Managing Balance in Deliberation The importance of balanced group discussions and strategies for avoiding conflict. (00:04:55) Scaling Deliberation for Large Groups The logistics and technology behind scaling to larger groups, both online and in person. (00:06:54) Deciding Which Questions to Address How tough issues are selected for deliberation in different locations. (00:10:54) The Human Element in Deliberation The surprising effectiveness of online platforms for fostering connection. (00:13:13) Automated Moderators in Deliberation The development and success of automated moderators in online deliberations. (00:19:20) Applying Deliberative Democracy to the U.S. Whether deliberative polling could help address political deadlock in the U.S. (00:25:30) The Future of Deliberative Polling The future possibilities of scaling deliberative polling to larger populations. (00:27:23) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Astronautics professor Grace Gao is an authority on the Global Positioning System. GPS has long been key to navigation on Earth, she says, but science is now shifting its focus outward to the frontiers of space. Gao is working on a GPS-like system for the Moon. To keep costs low, this lunar positioning system will leverage Earth-based satellites complemented by a network of smaller satellites in lunar orbit. It could lead to autonomous vehicles on the moon and a new era of lunar exploration, Gao tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.  Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Grace GaoGrace’s Labe:Stanford NAV LabConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Grace Gao, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University. (00:02:15) GNSS vs. GPS The difference between GPS and GNSS, and the different global navigation systems. (00:03:09) How Does GPS Work?  GPS operation, including the role of satellites, ground monitoring stations, and user receivers. (00:04:07) GPS Signal and Satellites How GPS uses multiple satellites and how the different global systems collaborate to improve accuracy. (00:05:23) GPS Challenges in Cities Issues with GPS in urban environments and the importance of reliability and safety. (00:07:53) Improving GPS Accuracy Multimodal sensor fusion helps enhance GPS accuracy in challenging environments.  (00:10:11) Collaboration Among Autonomous Vehicles The potential for autonomous vehicles to share information for better navigation and safety. (00:14:07) GPS Safety and Signal Jamming GPS safety concerns and real-world signal disruption examples. (00:18:56) GPS in Space Travel How GNSS and Earth-based GPS systems can support space missions. (00:25:05) Designing Lunar GPS The cost and coverage challenges of creating a lunar navigation system. (00:27:13) Autonomous Moon Rovers NASA’s plans for collaborative autonomous rovers on the Moon. (00:30:42) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Sports medicine physician Emily Kraus knows a lot about the health challenges of female athletes. Women face far more ACL tears and bone stress injuries than men, for instance, and excessive training or poor nutrition can also delay puberty and affect menstruation. These differences are vastly understudied, she says. To close the gap, Kraus initiated the “Female Athlete Voice Project” that asks female Olympic and Paralympic athletes about their health experiences. We need to tailor approaches specific to female athletes, Kraus tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’sThe Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Emily KrausEmily’s Survey: Centering The Female Athlete Voice in a Sports Science Research AgendaStanford FASTR ProgramWu Tsai Human Performance AllianceConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces Emily Kraus, a professor of orthopedics at Stanford University and an expert on the issues of women's health. (00:02:19) Health Challenges for Female Athletes Prevalent injuries and health issues unique to female athletes. (00:03:57) Hormonal Health and Puberty The impact of hormonal health and menstrual cycles on young athletes’ performance. (00:06:57) Body Composition and Mental Health The challenges and psychological impact puberty has on young athletes. (00:08:53) Female Athletes in Adulthood The lack of research and resources available for female athletes during major life transitions. (00:12:48) Nutrition, Fueling, and Recovery Science How science has evolved in understanding nutrition, recovery, and strategic rest. (00:15:54) Gender Differences in Fueling and Recovering The differences between male and female athletes in nutrition and recovery. (00:19:19) Survey of Olympic Athletes Insights from female Olympians and Paralympians on the key gaps in sports science research. (00:21:40) The WUSAI Human Performance Alliance The WUSAI Human Performance Alliance’s focus on uncovering the principles of human performance. (00:25:35) The Female Athlete Survey The unexpected findings from the survey, highlighting the sexism and inequity in sports. (00:27:26) Spreading Knowledge to Athletes and Clinicians How Emily’s research is being received by the broader athletic and medical communities. (00:30:00) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Today, we’re bringing you a best-of from our archive of over 250 episodes. We’re all aware that the consequences of climate change range from rising sea levels, to drought, wildfires, economic disruption and the displacement of populations. We’re seeing and living through many of these effects, but is there hope for managing additional risk? A couple years ago we sat down with environmental scientist Chris Field to ask this question. He shared that it’s still possible to pave the way to a sustainable future. Take another listen to this episode to hear more about how he thinks we can do this together. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Chris FieldOriginal Episode: How to fight climate change | Stanford University School of EngineeringConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Chris Field, a professor of earth systems science and biology at Stanford. (00:01:59) The Status of Climate Change The current status of global warming and the need for ongoing emissions reductions. (00:03:17) Understanding CO2 and Temperature The linear relationship between CO2 emissions and global warming. (00:05:00) Is Zero Emissions Feasible? The UN's climate goals and why both mitigation and adaptation are crucial. (00:06:04) Global Collaboration for Climate Action The role of both private sector innovations and global political collaboration in climate action. (00:08:22) Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies Progress made in strategies for mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects. (00:11:25) Climate Impact on Disasters How rising temperatures exacerbate coastal flooding and wildfire risks. (00:14:07) Adaptation to Coastal Flooding Insights into strategies such as improving infrastructure and planned relocation. (00:16:47) Adaptation to Wildfires Assessment of fire management policies and the challenges of wildfire risk in high-risk regions. (00:19:03) Technological Innovations in Climate Change The potential for future technological innovations to solve climate change. (00:20:54) Ukraine Conflict and Climate Change The surprising connection between the Ukraine conflict and global climate change. (00:23:41) Individual Impact on Climate Change How individuals can make contributions to combating climate change in their everyday lives. (00:25:57) The Role of Young People in Climate Change The role young people play in the fight against climate change. (00:27:12) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Taken any selfies lately? Dermatologist Zakia Rahman studies both the science of healthy skin and the effects of the exponential increase in skin images on self-esteem. As a result, skin health is linked to mental health, she says. It’s not about vanity, it’s about vitality, Rahman tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Zakia RahmanStanford Center on LongevityConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Zakia Rahman, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University. (00:02:24) The Impact of Digital Technologies How digital technologies and frequent image exposure affect dermatology and self-perception. (00:03:40) Effects of Self-Image on Dermatology Balancing vanity and vitality in modern skincare trends. (00:05:05) The Role of Lasers in Dermatology The use of laser technology in dermatology, including types and applications. (00:08:44) Lasers in Skin Cancer Treatment How laser technology aids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer. (00:10:11) Progress in Skin Cancer The effectiveness of sun protection measures and how we can better prevent skin cancer. (00:13:29) Effectiveness of Physical Sun Protection The protective benefits of everyday clothing versus specialized sun-protective gear. (00:18:56) Ethnic Differences in Skin Health The differences in skin health and sun exposure effects across various ethnic groups. (00:23:43) Aesthetic and Cultural Implications in Skin Care How cultural perceptions of beauty intersect with skincare and overall health. (00:26:08) Therapeutic Effects of Light The potential skincare benefits of red light therapy and its popularity. (00:28:55) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Arvind Karunakaran studies the intersections of work, AI, and organizational behavior. He says AI can enhance speed and productivity in the short run, yet degrade skills over time. But it is in organizational power dynamics where AI has had its most marked impact, he says, telling host Russ Altman about situations in law firms where AI has fostered tension between paralegals and junior attorneys. It’s AI and the modern workplace on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything Podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Arvind KarunakaranConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Arvind Karunakaran, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University. (00:02:47) Productivity vs. Skill Development The broader impact of AI on workplace productivity and the potential skill loss among workers. (00:04:39) New Skills for the AI Era Whether new skill sets required by AI tools are emerging or if it's still too early to tell. (00:06:17) AI and Power Dynamics How AI is influencing authority and power dynamics in the workplace. (00:09:16) Challenges of Role Re-Design with AI The need for systemic changes in job roles and organizational structures to accommodate AI. (00:11:02) Accountability and AI in Decision-Making The complexities of accountability when AI is involved in decision-making processes. (00:15:14) Platforms and Power Dynamics The role of platforms as intermediaries and their impact on authority and power dynamics. (00:20:28) AI Experimentation in the Workplace How organizations are experimenting with AI and the importance of trust in these processes. (00:23:29) Rethinking Training for AI Integration The necessity of innovative training methods to effectively integrate AI in workplace settings. (00:25:30) Management Strategies for AI Adoption Ways managers can approach AI integration in their organizations to foster productivity and innovation (00:28:12) AI in Gig Work Platforms Challenges and opportunities AI presents within gig work platforms. (00:32:20) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We want to wish our listeners in the states a happy Labor Day weekend. We hope, wherever you are, you’re taking some time to savor the last bit of summer. After a couple months full of travel and news about the airplane industry, we can’t help wondering — are there better ways to build airplanes? Our previous guest, Ilan Kroo, an expert in aeronautics, discusses how recent developments in fuels, engines, materials, and computer controls are leading to a new era of airplanes. We hope you’ll tune in and learn something new. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Ilan KrooConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Ilan Kroo, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University. (00:01:33) The Future of Airplane Design The technological advancements that are enabling new types of aircraft designs. (00:03:52) Designing Airplanes with Active Control Active control systems and their impact on airplane safety and efficiency. (00:05:03) Personal Flying Vehicles eVTOL vehicles as a promising future technology for personalized and commercial travel. (00:06:54) Scaling eVTOL and Air Traffic Control How companies and regulatory bodies are preparing for the rise of eVTOL vehicles. (00:10:21) Sustainable Aviation New engine concepts, composite materials, and sustainable fuels in commercial aviation. (00:16:42) Hydrogen-Powered Aircraft Hydrogen's potential as a sustainable fuel source and its impact on airplane design. (00:19:44) Climate Modelling in Airplane Design The intersection of climate science and airplane design for a more sustainable future. (00:22:04) Unconventional Airplane Designs New designs that may become the future of aviation, with benefits in sustainability and performance. (00:25:55) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Political scientist Kathryn Stoner is the Director of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford and an authority on Russian/Ukrainian politics. She says views on the current war depend on which side someone is on: Many Russians and their leader Vladimir Putin say Ukrainians are Russians and have been since the 10th century. Ukrainians strongly disagree, likening the two nations to the U.S. and Great Britain. How the present conflict is resolved has important implications for other former Soviet states and the future of the European Union, as Stoner tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected]. Episode Reference Links: Stanford CDDRL Profile: Kathryn StonerConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Kathryn Stoner, director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. (00:02:09) Historical Context of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict How historical narratives shape perspectives on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. (00:05:38) U.S. and International Perspectives The strategic implications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict for the United States and its historical agreements. (00:08:49) The Domino Effect and Regional Risks The potential risks to other former Soviet republics and the concept of the domino effect. (00:12:43) Democracy in the Post-Soviet States Analysis of the state of democracy in Ukraine, Georgia, and other former Soviet republics (00:18:59) The Unexpected Stalemate Why the Russia-Ukraine war has not gone as expected and the strategic missteps by Russia. (00:22:39) Domestic Impact in Russia The impact of the war on Russian public opinion and why Russians are not openly protesting against it. (00:28:46) Hope for the Future Potential sources of optimism for the future of Russia and its younger generation. (00:31:40) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Dan Schwartz is a cognitive psychologist and dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Education. He says that artificial intelligence is a different beast, but he is optimistic about its future in education. “It’s going to change stuff. It’s really an exciting time,” he says. Schwartz imagines a world not where AI is the teacher, but where human students learn by teaching AI chatbots key concepts. It’s called the Protégé Effect, Schwartz says, providing host Russ Altman a glimpse of the future of education on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Daniel SchwartzConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Dan Schwartz, a professor of education and a dean of the School of Education at Stanford University. (00:02:06) The Role of AI in Modern Education The widespread reactions and implications of AI, particularly ChatGPT, in education. (00:03:22) The Role of Technology in the Classroom The historical and evolving relationship between technology and education. (00:05:14) Engaging Students with AI How AI can enhance student engagement through innovative teaching methods. (00:08:08) Impact of AI on Student Learning The balance between AI tools and maintaining educational standards. (00:13:42) Industry's Role in Educational Technology Challenges and opportunities in collaborating with educational technology companies. (00:15:44) Teacher's Role in Adapting to AI The critical role of teachers in effectively integrating AI into the classroom. (00:18:39) Assessment and Grading with AI The potential and concerns of using AI for educational assessment. (00:22:34) Learning Strategies and Conceptual Understanding The importance of understanding the underlying concepts rather than just using AI tools. (00:25:08) Physical Activity and Learning The connection between physical activity and improved learning outcomes. (00:29:17) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Today, we’re re-running a fascinating conversation with Sara Singer, a Stanford professor of medicine, and an expert on integrated healthcare. Anyone who’s had to navigate the healthcare system knows it’s extremely complex, and care can often feel disjointed or inefficient. In this episode, Sara highlights new technologies that could improve integration within the healthcare system, ultimately enhancing a practitioners’ ability to care for patients. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Sara SingerConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Sarah Singer, a professor of medicine and organizational behaviour at Stanford University (00:02:25) Defining Integrated Care The concept of integrated care and its significance in improving patient experience. (00:03:37) Global Implementation of Integrated Care The global challenges and successes in implementing integrated care. (00:04:45) Cost Implications of Integrated Care The potential cost-saving benefits of integrated care through efficient coordination. (00:05:34) COVID-19’s Impact on Healthcare Integration The pandemic's dual role in exposing challenges and providing opportunities for integrated care. (00:07:45) The Role of AI in Healthcare's Future AI’s potential in healthcare and the importance of user collaboration. (00:09:38) Importance of Iterative Development The need for continuous collaboration in healthcare technology development. (00:12:16) Patient Perspectives in Tech Development The value of integrating patient feedback into healthcare technology. (00:13:20) Consumer Suggestions for Health Care How patient feedback has influenced health care improvements. (00:16:49) Iterative Development of Health Care Technologies The iterative process of developing health care technologies with continuous input from end users. (00:24:29) Advice for Healthcare Technologists Advice for technologists on developing useful and accepted healthcare tools. (00:27:22) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Psychologist Judy Fan is an expert in how physical objects facilitate learning. In the classroom, these include pencils, pens, paper, and whiteboards. But in any learning situation, the physical world provides tools for learning and communicating, often trumping the speed and reach of today’s digital technologies. These objects are cognitive tools – physical representations of human thought, she says. They help us think, solve problems, and communicate with others better and more effectively, as she tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.  Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Judy FanConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Judy Fan, a professor of psychology at Stanford University. (00:02:02) The Essence of Cognitive Tools What cognitive tools are and their importance from ancient times to the present. (00:03:37) Historical Context of Cognitive Tools The historical evolution of cognitive tools and their role in education. (00:06:57) Cross-Cultural Insights on Cognitive Tools The universality of cognitive tools and cross-cultural variations. (00:12:39) Developmental Trajectories in Visual Communication How children develop the ability to visually communicate concepts and the differences between cultures. (00:17:01) The Influence of Cultural Artifacts on Perception How cultural exposure shapes our perception and depiction of the world. (00:22:15) The Future of Learning Technologies The impact of technological advancements on cognitive tools and potential directions for the future. (00:24:29) Hands-On Learning and Interactive Tools The importance of interactive learning activities that allow students to engage with scientific processes. (00:27:44) Enhancing Creative Processes Through Technology Ways technology can aid creative professionals and the development of tools for high-level experts. (00:30:44) Bridging Novice and Expert Needs The challenges of designing technology that serves both novices and experts. (00:33:19) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

From witchcraft to shamans to those with schizophrenia, voices and visions have always been part of human experience and they have always intrigued anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann. She now studies how various cultures understand these mysterious mental phenomena. Luhrmann has observed and talked to hundreds who’ve experienced voices and visions and learned there are “different pathways” to understand them, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Tanya Marie LuhrmannTanya Luhrmann: WebsiteConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Tanya Luhrmann, a professor of anthropology at Stanford University. (00:02:18) Origins of Interest Tanya shares her background and how it influenced her studies on the human mind and its perceptions. (00:05:53) Methodologies in Anthropological Research The methods used to understand experiences like hearing voices and seeing visions. (00:07:04) Cultural Variability in Human Experiences How hearing voices varies across cultures, and their implications on mental health. (00:13:42) The Clinical and Non-Clinical Spectrum The clinical aspects of hearing voices, and how they are perceived and treated in different contexts. (00:18:01) Non-Clinical Manifestations and Practice The influence of practices and beliefs on non-clinical supernatural experiences. (00:22:24) Characteristics of Leaders Factors that make certain individuals leaders in perceptual practices. (00:23:43) AI and Relationships with Chatbots Parallels between relationships with imagined entities and modern AI chatbots. (00:28:40) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Whether you’re taking a summer road trip, planning a long plane ride, or simply enjoying walks in the warm weather, we want to take a moment to recommend to you a few recent episodes of The Future of Everything to listen to along the way. You’ll find a list of these episodes in the show notes, but as a brief preview we’ve got conversations on robotics, brain science, cybersecurity, the universe, and exercise waiting for you. If you’re interested in any one of these topics, check out this summer playlist and be sure to download these episodes before you head out for summer fun. Curated Episode Links: The future of robotics (Jeannette Bohg): Website / YouTubeThe future of brain science (Sergiu Pasca): Website / YouTubeThe future of cybersecurity (Amy Zegart): Website / YouTubeThe future of the universe (Risa Wechsler): Website / YouTubeThe future of exercise (Jonathan Long): Website / YouTubeConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Alberto Salleo is an expert in the long, chain-like molecules known as polymers. The world relies on polymers and the most common are in plastics. Salleo is now working on a new generation of organic polymers made of Earth-abundant materials that could lead to flexible electronics that can biodegrade or be easily recycled. These polymers could be game-changers, Salleo tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Alberto SalleoAlberto’s Lab: Salleo Research GroupConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Alberto Salleo, a professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford University. (00:03:02) Defining Polymers A fundamental definition of polymers, emphasizing their structure as long molecules composed of repeating subunits. (00:04:43) Everyday Applications of Polymers The commonplace polymers that people encounter daily and their broader impacts. (00:05:42) Organic Polymers and Electronics The unique properties of organic polymers, their applications in electronics and potential for biodegradability. (00:07:52) Advanced Polymer Applications The development of flexible electronics using organic polymers, including the challenges and current research status. (00:11:27) Neuromorphic Computing The role of polymers in neuromorphic computing, highlighting how their properties could mimic brain functions. (00:14:42) Human-Brain Interface and Computing Applications The dual potential of polymers in interfacing with human brains and creating new generations of computers. (00:18:04) Emerging Research and Technologies The integration of electron microscopy from biology to study polymers and their structures. (00:22:22) Electron Microscopy and Cryo-EM Techniques Advanced electron microscopy techniques, such as cryo-EM, to study polymers. (00:26:19) Electrochemistry and Sustainable Batteries The application of polymers in electrochemistry, particularly in creating high-density, recyclable batteries. (00:29:26) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We have another best-of episode for you today. This one is a conversation with Irene Lo about the work she’s doing to study and leverage markets for social impact — think markets for public school assignments, or medical school residency matches. Irene reminds us that markets exist to help effectively allocate limited resources, and not all marketplaces are based in cash. We hope you’ll tune in again to this thought provoking conversation to hear Irene talk about the changing face of markets. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Irene LoConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Irene Lo, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford. (00:03:23) Unique Challenges of Non-Financial Markets The unique challenges in markets where monetary transactions are not feasible or ethical. (00:04:21) School Choice and District Perspectives The multifaceted decisions parents and school districts face in school choice. (00:06:54) Collaboration with San Francisco School District Connecting with the San Francisco School District to redesign their student assignment system. (00:08:27) Algorithms and Testing of School Assignment Policies The extensive simulations and community engagement involved in testing the new school assignment policies algorithm before implementation. (00:11:18) Goals and Issues of the Old System Why the old school assignment system failed to achieve its goals of predictability, proximity, and diversity. (00:12:52) Algorithm Adaptation for Broader Use The potential for adapting the San Francisco school assignment algorithms for use in other cities and districts. (00:14:42) Applying Market Design to Medical Residency Matches Adapting market design principles to medical residency placements, emphasizing multifactorial considerations. (00:19:07) Market Design in the Developing World: Indonesian Palm Oil Market Insights into the challenges and solutions in improving the supply chain for palm oil in Indonesia. (00:24:08) Crowdsourcing Information How crowdsourcing information can help improve market efficiency for palm oil farmers and the challenges involved. (00:26:32) Market Manipulation and Algorithms The future application of advanced algorithms to improve market dynamics once sufficient data is gathered. (00:28:08) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Jonathan Long is a biochemist who studies the chemicals produced during exercise. In Long’s world, “you always start with molecules,” which offer “clean handles” to understanding complex processes. His lab has identified a chemical produced in the digestive tract during exercise that can make a person stop eating. Long now studies this “gut-brain axis” for ways to treat obesity, diabetes, and, perhaps, even age-related conditions like dementia, as he tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jonathan Z. LongJonathan’s Lab: LongLab@StanfordStudy on Endocannabinoids and Exercise Motivation: The Endocannabinoid System and Physical ExerciseConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Jonathan Long, a professor of pathology at Stanford University (00:02:30) Effective Weight Loss Drugs The increase of effective weight loss drugs, and the history and development of these GLP-1 receptor agonists. (00:04:03) Understanding Metabolism and Exercise Outline of metabolic chemicals released during physical activity and their potential to combat obesity and diabetes. (00:05:38) Animal Models in Exercise Studies The use of animal models in exercise studies and the discovery of Lac-Phe. (00:07:15) Psychological Preparation for Exercise The psychological aspects of exercise and the involvement of endocannabinoids in exercise motivation. (00:09:28) Lac-Phe's Role and Mechanism The role of Lac-Phe and its production in the gut. (00:12:21) Differences in Exercise Response Differences in exercise response between trained athletes and untrained individuals. (00:13:25) Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases The relationship between diabetes, exercise, and metabolic diseases. (00:15:29) Lac-Phe as a Potential Therapeutic The potential of Lac-Phe as a weight loss drug, and parallels to GLP-1 drug development. (00:16:48) Importance of How Weight is Lost Whether the method of weight-loss matters, and the importance of preserving lean muscle mass. (00:19:40) Exercise as Medicine The concept of exercise as medicine, and defining physical activity at the same resolution as modern medicines. (00:22:39) Metformin and Exercise Pathways The unexpected connection between metformin and the Lac-Phe pathway. (00:24:08) Prospects of an Exercise Pill The future of an exercise pill, and the scientific challenges associated with its development. (00:27:33) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re digging back into our archives with an episode with bioengineer Polly Fordyce. Polly studies the form and function of proteins. She refers to proteins as the “workhorses” that make things in the body happen, and her study of these molecules reveals a greater understanding of human life. We hope you’ll tune in to this conversation again, and enjoy. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Polly FordycePolly’s Lab: The Fordyce LabConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Polly Fordyce, a professor of bioengineering and genetics at Stanford University. (00:01:51) What are Proteins? The basics of proteins and their crucial roles in the body. (00:05:01) Protein Structure and Function The relationship between protein structure and function. (00:07:07) Innovations in Protein Research The high-throughput technologies used in the lab to study protein functions. (00:09:44) Mutant Proteins and Functional Variants How mutations in proteins affect their function and structure, using the example of the protein PafA. (00:14:24) The Impact of Protein Research on Medicine Insight into how protein mutations can aid in developing targeted therapies. (00:17:37) Proteins and DNA Interaction The role of proteins in reading DNA and regulating gene expression. (00:21:41) Transcription Factors and DNA Binding The relationship between transcription factors and specific DNA sequences. (00:25:36) Mechanisms of Transcription Activation The process of transcription activation and the role of co-activators and RNA polymerase. (00:28:15) Future Directions in Protein Research The future of protein research, including making advanced research tools more accessible. (00:30:36) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Chris Piech is a professor of computer science who studies how computers can help students learn. In comparing human- and computer-aided education, he says humans are great one-on-one, but AI is more consistent at grading and feedback. He and colleagues have created several generative AI grading apps to take advantage of these relative strengths, as he tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Christopher PiechStanford Coding Program: Code in PlaceConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altmans introduces guest Chris Piech, a professor of computer science at Stanford University. (00:01:50) Defining Coding and Its Challenges What coding entails for beginners and the challenges associated with learning to code. (00:03:37) Enhancing Learning with Computers How computers and AI can be used to make learning more enjoyable and effective. (00:05:12) Human Connection in Education The significance of teacher-student relationships and how recent learners can be effective teachers. (00:07:02) AI and Coding Education The impact of AI on professional coding and how it can enhance the learning experience for new coders. (00:08:48) Joy of Programming The creative joy of programming and how AI tools can elevate the creation process. (00:11:57) Comparing Human and AI Tutors Results from experiments comparing the effectiveness of human and AI tutors. (00:14:43) Fair and Effective Assessment Challenges and strategies for fair and effective computational assessment of students' work. (00:16:42) Addressing Bias and Fairness in Grading Demographic fairness in grading algorithms and the potential biases in different subjects. (00:20:52) Interactive and Unstructured Feedback Using AI to provide feedback on unstructured and interactive student work, like games and apps. (00:25:30) Expanding Beyond Academic Tests Application of AI in non-academic assessments, such as medical tests, to improve accuracy and efficiency. (00:27:42) Generative Grading Introduction to generative grading, where AI generates potential misconceptions to help with grading and feedback. (00:31:37) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Matt Abrahams is a master communicator who helps others overcome their fear of speaking — before live audiences, in small groups, or even one-on-one. His catchphrase, “Think Fast, Talk smart,” describes a mindset that, he says, is key to speaking well. Thinking fast is the ability to recognize and respond to patterns in order to talk smart — becoming more salient, relevant, and concise in the process. Abrahams coaches host Russ Altman on how to talk smart on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Matt Abrahams: WebsiteStanford Profile: WebsiteMatt’s Podcast: Think Fast, Talk Smart: The PodcastConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces Matt Abrahams, an expert on communication and lecturer at Stanford Graduate School of Business. (00:02:04) The Power of Thinking Fast and Talking Smart Matt explains the concept behind his catchphrase and podcast, "Think Fast, Talk Smart". (00:06:22) Addressing Speaking Anxiety The prevalence of speaking anxiety, its evolutionary roots, and how it has evolved with modern communication tools. (00:08:46) Impact of AI on Communication How LLMs like ChatGPT can aid in preparation for speaking engagements and assist non-native speakers with communication. (00:11:33) Virtual vs. In-Person Communication Differences between in-person and virtual communication and how individuals can adapt to virtual communication environments. (00:13:59) Handling Difficult Questions Strategies for responding to questions when you don't know the answer or can't legally or ethically provide one. (00:17:18) Structuring Effective Communications Methods for structuring communications to ensure clarity and impact. (00:22:10) Cultural Influences on Communication The impact of cultural differences on communication styles and the importance of sensitivity and adaptation. (00:25:11) Reevaluating the Use of Presentation Tools The appropriate use of PowerPoint and other visual aids in presentations, with tips for making visuals effective and audience-focused. (00:29:21) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re bringing you a timely best-of episode, given the recent advances in generative AI tools like ChatGPT. A couple years ago we interviewed Jeff Hancock, a Stanford professor of communication whose research explores the psychological and interpersonal processes at play when people communicate with each other and with computers. At the time of this conversation, ChatGPT wasn’t yet available to the public, but today Jeff’s insights about how such technologies impact the ways we communicate seem more relevant than ever. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy. Episode Reference Links: Stanford Profile: Jeffrey HancockJeff’s Lab: Stanford Social Media LabStanford’s AI Institute: Stanford HAIJeff and Jeremy Bailenson’s paper on deep fakes: The Social Impact of DeepfakesJeff's paper on AI accessibility: Not All AI are Equal: Exploring the Accessibility of AI-Mediated Communication TechnologyJeff’s paper on encountering fake news: Credibility Perceptions and Detection Accuracy of Fake News Headlines on Social MediaOriginal episode: Ep.177 What Happens When Computers Can Write Like Humans Website /  YouTubeConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Jeff Hancock, a professor of communications at Stanford University. (00:03:04) Evolution of Communication How social media and AI tools like spellcheck have changed the way we communicate. (00:04:08) AI in Everyday Communication The role of AI in daily communication tasks, like email responses, and whether this is beneficial or problematic. (00:06:35) Authenticity and Bias in AI Communication The potential biases in AI-generated language and its societal implications. (00:08:42) Large Language Models and Their Capabilities Overview of large language models like GPT-3 and their ability to generate human-like text. (00:10:34) Practical Uses and Implications of AI-Generated Text Practical applications of AI in generating text for marketing, education, and other fields. (00:12:18) Tailoring AI Messages The potential of AI to create personalized messages for different demographics. (00:14:49) Ethical Considerations in AI-Assisted Writing The ethical dilemmas in education regarding AI-assisted writing. (00:17:15) AI and Disinformation The risks associated with AI-generated disinformation and its impact on society. (00:21:06) AI in Advertising and Marketing AI's role in advertising and marketing, including the ethical considerations of using AI to create highly persuasive content. (00:22:38) Building Resilience Against Disinformation Tips for individuals to build resilience against disinformation. (00:26:35) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Astrophysicist Risa Wechsler studies the evolution of the universe. She says that our understanding of how the universe formed and how it will change over time is changing as new technologies for seeing and measuring space come online, like a new high-resolution camera that can quickly map the full sky to see everything that moves, or new spectrographs that will map the cosmos in 3D and enable us to get new clues about the elusive dark matter. You can’t understand the universe or our presence in it until you understand dark matter, Wechsler tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Risa Wechsler: WebsiteStanford Profile: WebsiteSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryLegacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) | Rubin ObservatoryDark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)The SAGA SurveyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces guest Professor Risa Wechsler, professor of physics, particle physics, and astrophysics from Stanford University. (00:01:46) Tools for Studying the Universe Technologies and methods used to study galaxies and the universe, including the Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time. (00:04:37) Understanding Maps of the Universe The concept of mapping the universe in two and three dimensions, the significance of redshifts, and the application of spectroscopy. (00:08:56) The Structure and Scale of the Universe The age, expansion, and overall structure of the universe, touching on its isotropic nature and clumpiness on different scales. (00:12:23) Delving into Galaxy Formation and Evolution An in-depth look at galaxy formation, the role of dark matter, and how galaxies have evolved over billions of years. (00:14:49) The Diversity of Galaxies and Their Structures The various types of galaxies, including satellite and dwarf galaxies, and how they form and evolve differently. (00:18:56) Dark Matter and Dark Energy The fundamental aspects of dark matter and dark energy, their role in the universe, and the challenges in studying them. (00:22:32) Mapping the Universe with Modern Tools How current technologies and methods contribute to our understanding of the universe’s expansion and structure (00:24:57) Applying Cosmic Understanding The SAGA Survey and its implications for understanding the Milky Way in a broader cosmic context. (00:29:29) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Jeannette Bohg is an expert in robotics who says there is a transformation happening in her field brought on by recent advances in large language models. The LLMs have a certain common sense baked in and robots are using it to plan and to reason as never before. But they still lack low-level sensorimotor control — like the fine skill it takes to turn a doorknob. New models that do for robotic control what LLMs did for language could soon make such skills a reality, Bohg tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Jeannette Bogh: WebsiteStanford Profile: WebsiteJeannette's Lab: WebsiteRobotics startup Jeannette discusses: Diligent RoboticsConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ introduces guest Professor Jeannette Bohg, an expert in robotics from Stanford University. (00:01:58) AI's Impact on Robotics How AI is transforming robotics and the use of AI in high-level planning and reasoning in robotics. (00:04:26) Challenges of Applying Language Models in Robotics The challenges and potential of using large language models for robotic task planning and interaction between humans and robots. (00:07:06) Data Shortages in Robotics The scarcity of training data in robotics compared to other AI fields and its impact on development. (00:10:43) Human-Robot Interaction and Augmentation The potential for robots to augment human capabilities rather than replace them and different approaches to autonomy in robotics. (00:16:41) The Future of Robotic Hardware The current state of robotic hardware, its limitations, and what the future might hold for robotic development. (00:19:53) The Financial and Practical Realities of Robotic Research Cost and maintenance challenges associated with robotic research platforms, as well as practical applications of robotics in everyday life. (00:25:11) Humanoid Robots vs. Practical Robots The practicality and implications of designing robots that mimic human appearance and capabilities. (00:27:55) Future Outlook and Commercial Viability The future outlook for robotic platforms and when they might become commercially available. (00:29:08) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Sergiu Pasca is a physician-scientist who turns skin cells into stem cells and then into brain tissues he calls “organoids” and “assembloids” in order to study psychiatric and neurological illness in a dish instead of in living human beings. With this knowledge, Pasca hopes to develop new treatments for conditions ranging from schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders to chronic pain, he tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Sergiu’s Lab: Pasca LabSergiu’s Stanford Profile: WebsiteCenter at Stanford Sergiu Leads: Stanford Brain OrganogenesisSergiu’s recently published paper: Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Approach for Timothy SyndromePaper by Shinya Yamanaka Sergiu discusses: Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast CulturesConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ introduces guest, Sergiu Pasca, professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. (00:02:43) The Science of Growing Brain Tissue from Skin Cells The process of developing brain organoids from skin cells and the potential medical applications of these models. (00:03:59) Enhancing Neurological Research Tools Advancing the complexity of brain models to include various brain structures and their applications in modeling diseases. (00:07:20) Introduction of Assembloids Introduction to assembloids, detailing how combining different organoids can mimic complex brain structures (0015:58) Testing Therapeutics Using Humanized Models The innovative approach of using humanized rat models to test neurological therapies and drugs. (00:21:03) Complex Circuit Modelling for Disease Understanding The current capabilities of modeling complex brain circuits and their relevance in  understanding the neural pathways involved in diseases. (00:23:36) The Future of Pain Modelling and Drug Testing How assembled brain cells can model pain perception and response, leading to potential new treatments for chronic pain and psychiatric disorders (00:27:46) Ethical Considerations and Public Engagement Ethical concerns related to creating brain-like tissues and the importance of public engagement in scientific research. (00:32:01) Future Directions and Global Collaboration The future of brain organogenesis research and the potential impacts on treating neurological and psychiatric conditions. (00:34:05) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

With TikTok in the hands of 170 million Americans, cybersecurity expert Amy Zegart says it’s time to talk about consequences. Foreign access to all that data on so many Americans is a national security threat, she asserts. For those as concerned as she, Zegart has good news and bad. The government has gotten better at fighting cyberthreats, but artificial intelligence is making things very complicated, very fast. The US needs to adapt quickly to keep pace, Zegart tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Amy Zegart's Stanford ProfileHoover Institution Profile: WebsiteEp.20 How Vulnerable Are We to Cyber Attacks? (Amy’s previous episode on The Future of Everything)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction  Host Russ Altman introduces guest Amy Zegart, a cybersecurity expert from Stanford University. (00:02:37) Government and Cybersecurity Speeds How AI has changed the pace at which both government and cyber attackers operate, and the evolving dynamics of cybersecurity efforts. (00:04:12) Corporate Cybersecurity The unexpected role of the SEC in regulating corporate cybersecurity efforts and how the cyber attack surface has expanded beyond traditional big industries (00:07:30) Global Cyber Threats and Preparedness Insights into the strategic use of cyber operations by other countries, and the multifaceted nature of international cyber relations. (00:09:13) Cyber Dynamics in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict The cyber aspects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and its implications for global cybersecurity strategies. (00:11:35) Misinformation and Disinformation Dynamics The difference between misinformation and disinformation, their impacts on society and the challenges in combating them. (00:15:04) TikTok and National Security Risks associated with TikTok as a platform controlled by Chinese interests, discussing data privacy and potential for foreign influence. (00:20:11) Corporate Power in AI and National Security The role of corporations in national security through their control over AI, and the challenges this poses for regulation and innovation. (00:22:47) Learning from Cybersecurity to Manage AI Risks Lessons from cybersecurity that could help manage emerging AI risks, highlighting the need for developing independent AI research capacities. (00:26:44) European Regulation and Global AI Safety The European approach to AI regulation and data protection, advocating for international AI safety norms and collaborative efforts. (00:29:21) AI's Role in Enhancing Intelligence How AI can transform intelligence services, and advancements that could lead to significant efficiency gains in national security. (00:31:23) Conclusion   Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

A best of episode where Russ interviews one of his bioengineering colleagues,  Fan Yang, about some of the fascinating work she’s doing in the realm of tissue engineering. Hear more about the ways her lab is modeling human tissue to help develop a better understanding of how we might effectively replace damaged tissues and alleviate a number of health concerns. Episode Reference Links: Fan Yang's Stanford Profile: WebsiteFan Yang’s Stanford Lab: WebsiteEp.174 Regenerating and Rejuvenating Human Tissues: Website / YouTube (original episode)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Fan Yang, a bioengineer at Stanford. (00:03:15) The Basics of Tissue Engineering The purpose and significance of tissue engineering, emphasizing its role in addressing critical medical needs like late-stage arthritis. (00:04:23) Challenges in Tissue Engineering Technical hurdles in creating viable tissues for clinical use, such as integrating these tissues into the human body. (00:07:00) 3D Printing and In Situ Polymerization Technological advances in shaping tissues using 3D printing and the benefits of in situ polymerization to adapt to complex tissue shapes. (00:09:15) Specific Challenges with Cartilage The challenges specific to cartilage regeneration, explaining why it has been a difficult tissue to replicate and heal. (00:13:56) Micro Ribbon Based Hydrogels Explanation of micro ribbon based hydrogels, a new development aimed at improving tissue regeneration. (00:19:16) Cancer Research and Tissue Engineering How tissue engineering technologies are not only pivotal for therapeutic uses but also crucial for understanding diseases and aiding drug discovery. (00:24:38) Regulatory Challenges and Commercialization The regulatory and commercialization challenges facing new medical technologies, including the need for industry partnerships and the role of the FDA (00:26:20) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

A best of episode where Russ interviews computer scientist and electrical engineer, Dorsa Sadigh. They had a fantastic conversation about the work she’s doing to train robots to better understand humans, and as she shares, it turns out that one key to this work is better understanding human behavior.  If you’re curious about how we’re going to make human-robot interaction work, this is a great episode to tune into again. Enjoy. Episode Reference Links: Dorsa Sadigh: WebsiteDorsa Sadigh: Stanford ProfileEp.171 - How do you Build a Better Robot? By Understanding People. YouTube /  Website (original episode)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Professor Dorsa Sadigh, a computer scientist and electrical engineer at Stanford. (00:02:24) Bridging Robotics and Human Psychology  The journey from focusing solely on robotics to incorporating human behavioural insights to enhance robot design and functionality. (00:05:31) Blending Cognitive Science and Robotics The integration of cognitive science with robotics to build better computational models of human behaviour. (00:07:35) Addressing Suboptimal Human Decision Making Exploring human decision-making biases and their impact on robot interaction, with focus on bounded rationality and prospect theory. (00:10:39) Robot Adaptations to Human Imperfections How robots can adapt to human imperfections in collaborative tasks, using theories from behavioural economics. (00:14:57) Training Robots and Humans for Better Interaction Strategies for teaching both humans and robots to improve their interactions, including active teaching and understanding each other’s capabilities. (00:18:41) Partner Modelling in Robotics Insights into partner modelling in robotics, demonstrated through a scalable model in an air hockey game setup. (00:21:54) Complex Multi-Agent Interactions Addressing the dynamics of multi-agent systems like traffic, where autonomous and human-driven vehicles interact. (00:24:11) Robots in Healthcare The role of robots in healthcare, particularly in assistive technologies, and the challenges and advancements in this area. (00:26:26) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re bringing back an episode about trust and AI. In a world where the use of Artificial Intelligence is exploding, guest computer scientist Carlos Guestrin shares insights from the work he’s doing to support the development of trust between humans and machines. We originally recorded this episode in 2022, but the insights are just as if not more relevant today. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy.  Episode Reference Links: Carlos Ernesto Guestrin (Stanford Profile)Carlos Guestrin  (Carlos’ Website)Measuring Patients' Trust In Physicians When Assessing Quality Of Care (Paper Carlos discusses as comparison to his work with AI)Adding Glycemic And Physical Activity Metrics To A Multimodal Algorithm-Enabled Decision-Support Tool For Type 1 Diabetes Care (Carlos’ published paper about Stanford Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital diabetes type 1 project)XGBoost Documentation  (Carlos’ out-source project)Ep.172 - Why AI Must Embody the Value of Its Users YouTube / Website (Original Episode)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction  Russ Altman introduces the episode with guest Carlos Guestrin, a professor of computer science at Stanford, whose focus is bringing AI into broader use. (00:02:58) Current Status of AI The current capabilities of AI and machine learning and the widespread use and integration of these technologies. (00:05:44) Deep Dive into Trust and AI Three core components of trust in AI and how these factors influence the adoption and efficacy of AI systems. (00:09:43) Technical Challenges in Implementing Trust The challenges of translating the abstract concepts of trust into practical, implementable AI features. (00:14:32) Enhancing AI Transparency and Generalization  Methods to improve AI’s generalisation capabilities and transparency. (00:18:00) The Role of Open-Source in AI Development The impact of open-source software on the AI field, highlighting the benefits of shared knowledge and collaborative advancements. (00:22:34) AI in Healthcare Healthcare and the use of AI in enhancing data-driven decisions in medical treatments. (00:27:11) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Anna Lembke is a psychiatrist and a specialist in the behavioral sciences who studies addiction. While there is tremendous variety in the things people can be addicted to, all forms are tied to dopamine, a biochemical that is key to human senses of pleasure, reward, and motivation. She says that new treatments are combining traditional abstinence with programs that help patients reenergize dopamine centers in the brain through physical exercise, which is a known producer of dopamine. If patients can reach 30 days of abstinence there is a good chance at recovery, Lembke tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Anna Lembke's Stanford ProfileAnna Lembke's WebsiteHow do we fight the disease of addiction? (Anna's previous episode on The Future of Everything podcast)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction  Host Russ Altman introduces guest Professor Anna Lembke, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University, and an expert on addiction. (00:02:27) The Personal Nature of Addiction Professor Lembke shares a personal story of addiction to romance novels, providing insight into how seemingly benign habits can become harmful addictions. (00:06:02) The Brain Chemistry of Addiction What happens in the brain during addiction, including dopamine's role in pleasure, reward, and the process of becoming addicted. (00:11:10) Addressing Addiction in Healthcare How the medical community has evolved in recognizing and treating addiction, partly due to the opioid epidemic. (00:13:23) Strategies for Managing and Treating Addiction Treatment approaches for addiction, including the concept of hormesis, and how engaging in challenging physical activities can help manage addictive behaviors. (00:17:31) Treatment and Recovery from Addiction Professor Lembke’s own experience with overcoming her addiction through self-intervention and “dopamine fasting”. (00:22:05) The Addictive Personality and Genetic Vulnerabilities The concept of an "addictive personality," genetic predispositions to addiction, and how these factors play into the challenge of treating and managing addiction. (00:23:29) The Opioid Epidemic: Insights and Challenges  An update on the opioid epidemic, the rise of fentanyl, and the ongoing challenges in addressing opioid addiction. (00:29:08) The Future of Addiction The broader context of addiction in society, emphasizing the importance of addressing addiction to digital media and other non-substance-related addictions (00:29:57) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Humans and computers making music together, it’s the best of both worlds. Ge Wang is a professor of music, a computer scientist, and director of the Stanford Laptop Orchestra – an orchestra in which human musicians and computers collaborate to make music. “I once thought computer music was abstract and inaccessible, but it can be very playful, too,” he says. Humans and computers making music together, it’s the best of both worlds, Wang tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Ge Wang's Stanford ProfileGe Wang's Personal WebsiteStanford Laptop Orchestra (SLOrk) Ge Wang directs: Stanford Laptop OrchestraMusic programming language Ge Wang built: ChucKGe Wang’s book: Artful Design: Technology in Search of the SublimeArtful Design | Pi-shaped PersonArtful Design | OcarinaScott A. Lindroth (Ge Wang’s professor at Duke who taught his first computer music class)Perry R. Cook (Ge Wang’s Computer Science professor at Princeton who inspired him to merge computers and music)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction  Host Russ Altman introduces guest Professor Ge Wang and his work around the intersection of AI, computer science, and music. (00:02:48) Early Inspirations and Merging Music with Technology Ge Wang shares his early experiences with music and computers, leading to his unique career path combining both passions. (00:07:42) Developing Musical Tools and Instruments Significance of playfulness in merging music with computer science, illustrated by projects like the Ocarina app and the Stanford Laptop Orchestra. (00:13:27) The Role and Impact of AI in Music The evolution of AI in music, with deeper questions about AI's role and the value of human creativity. (00:18:28) Music, AI, and Future Generations The future of music and AI in the context of a parent, and the cultural dimensions and values that will shape the use of technology in art. (00:20:19) Ethical and Cultural Concerns of AI in Music Ethical dilemmas and cultural implications of using AI in music, copyright issues and the potential for generic AI-generated content. (00:25:09) Rethinking the Role of AI in the Creative Process AI’s role in creativity, the value of the creative process over the mere output, and the potential for AI to enrich rather than replace human creativity. (00:29:32) The Concept of a Pi-Shaped Person The "Pi-Shaped Person," with emphasis on the importance of disciplinary expertise, domain knowledge, and an aesthetic lens. (00:33:52) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Laura Simons is a clinical psychologist and an authority on pain, particularly chronic pain in childhood, which is much more common than widely understood. Most people don't even think chronic pain happens in children, says Simons. The consequences, however, are serious, ranging from learning gaps from missed school to social isolation and even depression. Better treatment begins with a better understanding of the science of pain, as Simons tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Laura Simons | Stanford MedicineInternational Association for the Study of Pain | IASP  (Website for the association Laura mentions)Beth Darnall  (Beth Darnall’s website, founder of Empowered Relief)Empowered Relief  (Program Laura works with for pain management)TrainPain  (Program Laura is working with on virtual realities studies for pain relief)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction  Host Russ Altman introduces guest Laura Simons and her research on chronic childhood pain. (00:02:34) Understanding the Scope and Causes of Childhood Chronic Pain Common forms of childhood pain, its underlying causes, and the impact of unrecognized chronic conditions. (00:05:08) Diagnostic Challenges and Family Dynamics The difficulties in diagnosing chronic pain in children and adolescents, and the role of family in recognizing and managing a child's chronic pain. (00:07:38) The Impact of Chronic Pain on Children's Lives How chronic pain affects children's daily lives, from school attendance and social interactions to the broader family impact. (00:10:15) Transitioning from Adolescent to Adult Pain Management The challenges young people face as they move from pediatric to adult pain management systems and the importance of tailored transitional programs. (00:12:07) Treatment Approaches and Innovations Treatment strategies for childhood chronic pain, emphasizing non-pharmacological approaches such as behavioral interventions and physical therapy. (00:19:14) Empowered Relief Program and Its Adaptation for Teens The Empowered Relief program, adapted for teens, focusing on pain science education and the development of coping strategies.  (00:23:48) Exploring Virtual Reality and Sensory Retraining Techniques Advanced treatment methods, including the use of virtual reality to enhance physical therapy and sensory retraining techniques to manage pain sensitivity. (00:28:57) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Olivier Gevaert is an expert in multi-modal biomedical data modeling and recently developed new methods in the new science of “spatial transcriptomics” that are able to predict how cancer cells present spatially and will behave in the future.  Tumors are not monolithic, he says, but made up of various cell types. Spatial transcriptomics measures cells in the undisturbed organization of the tumor itself and enables a more detailed study of tumors. This new technology can be used to determine what type of cells are present spatially and how each cell influences neighboring cells. It paints a picture of tumor heterogeneity, Gevaert tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Olivier Gevaert:  Standford ProfileOlivier Gevaert’s Research LabThe Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA)Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction to Olivier Gavaert His work in the advancement of spatial transcriptomics technologies. (00:02:52) The Basics of Transcriptomics Transcriptomics’ significance in identifying active genes in cancer cells and the technological advancements enabling this research. (00:05:34) Heterogeneity and Cell interaction in Cancer Heterogeneity within cancer cells and the importance of analyzing the interactions between various cell types to develop treatments. (00:07:19) Advancements in Brain Cancer Research Recent studies on brain cancer using spatial omics techniques to understand tumor cell types and their spatial organization for prognosis prediction. (00:10:53) AI and Whole Slide Imaging in Oncology How AI and machine learning are combined with whole slide imaging to enhance data resolution and interpret spatial transcriptomic data. (00:14:49) Enhancing Pathology with AI Integrating AI with pathology to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment by analyzing whole slide images and predicting cell types. (00:18:40) Multimodal Data Fusion in Cancer Treatment Importance of combining different data modalities to create comprehensive models for personalized cancer treatment. (00:24:49) The Future of Synthetic Data and Digital Twins Synthetic data and digital twins in oncology, and how these technologies can simulate treatment outcomes and support personalized medicine. (00:29:16) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Rebecca Silverman is an expert in how humans learn to read. It’s a complex process, she says. First we must connect letters and sounds to decode words in texts. Researchers know a lot about the decoding process and how to teach it. But, beyond that, we must also comprehend what the words in texts are conveying. Comprehension is complex, and researchers know much less about the comprehension process and how to teach it, Silverman tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Rebecca Silverman’s Research Lab: Language to Literacy LabConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction to Reading Challenges  Host Russ Altman introduces guest Rebecca Sliverman and her research into the complexities of reading. (00:03:53) Decoding vs. Comprehension  The breakdown of reading into decoding and comprehension, the challenges associated with each, and the lifelong process of improving these skills. (00:07:18) Variability in Learning to Read   How children learn to read, including the impacts of linguistic comprehension, memory and socio-emotional contexts. (00:09:55) Cross-Cultural Differences in Reading  The variability of reading acquisition across languages and cultures, highlighting the components of reading that vary in their developmental trajectory. (00:11:35) Research Challenges and Interventions in Reading  Current research on the challenges of reading, particularly in identifying and supporting children with difficulties. (00:15:03) The Role of Technology in Reading  The impact of technology on reading, the differences between reading on paper and digital formats, and the potential of educational technology in literacy development. (00:20:38) Importance of Family in Reading Development How families play a role in early reading, with emphasis on storytelling and culturally relevant practices.  (00:23:52) Challenges for Teachers in Literacy Education Responsibilities of teachers in teaching literacy and the need for comprehensive support and training for teachers. (00:27:44) Future Directions and the Potential of AI  Future research on AI in literacy education, and the importance of human oversight in technological interventions. (00:29:29) Conclusion   Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Professor and cultural psychologist Michele Gelfand’s latest book, Rule Makers, Rule Breakers, explores notions of what she calls “tight” and “loose” cultures, and how each shapes us as individuals and the world around us. Tight cultures closely follow unwritten cultural norms, while those on the looser side have more latitude. Culture is complicated, she says, but understanding its nuances is key to understanding the world, Gelfand tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Michele Gelfand Website / BioRule Makers, Rule Breakers: How Tight & Loose Cultures Wire Our World Mindset Quiz Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ introduces Michele Gelfand and her research on the study of culture and cultural intelligence. (00:02:33) Defining Culture A working definition of culture and the invisible impact of cultural norms, values, and beliefs. (00:03:46) The Tight-Loose Spectrum The concept of tight and loose cultures and how social norms vary across cultures. (00:06:30) Cultural Variance within and between Societies Variations of tight-loose norms at national, state, and organizational levels,  and the role of threat in shaping these norms. (00:11:34) Cultural Intelligence in Global Leadership How the tight-loose spectrum and cultural studies inform leadership, and the significance of cultural intelligence (CQ) in global interactions. (00:18:59) Cultural Evolutionary Mismatch Implications for global threats and societal responses. (00:23:56) Applying Cultural Insights in Business Insights on applying cultural understanding to improve business mergers, negotiations, and the success of expatriate assignments. (00:26:09) Enhancing Cultural Intelligence Improving cultural intelligence and steps individuals can take to enhance their CQ and adapt to cultural differences. (00:28:48) Urban vs. Rural Cultural Differences Tight-loose division in politics and societal contexts, and the cultural divide between urban and rural areas. (00:31:19) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re taking you into our archive of over 250 episodes to re-share an interview Russ Altman did in 2022 with Stanford Medicine Professor of Surgery, Carla Pugh.  Performing surgery is profoundly complex and requires precision, dexterity and lots of practice. Dr. Pugh shares about how she’s studying the movements of skilled surgeons to better understand what makes them successful, which can in turn help to improve training for new surgeons. Episode Reference Links: Technology Enabled Clinical Improvement CenterDr. Pugh’s Research: Use of sensors to quantify procedural idle time Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode with Dr. Carla Pugh discussing her research studying the movements of surgeons to improve surgical training. (00:02:27) Dr. Carla Pugh's Research and Goals Introduction of Dr. Carla Pugh and her research utilizing sensor technology to quantify physician performance and the long-term goals of her research. (00:04:32) Wearable Sensors in Surgical Training How wearable sensors are being used, and the reaction of surgeons to being monitored. (00:06:21)  Expertise Identification & Universality of Movement How idle time and motion tracking can distinguish between novice and expert surgeons  & how expert surgeons exhibit similar motion patterns. (00:10:10) Expert vs. Novice Surgeon Behaviors Observed differences in speed and precision between expert and novice surgeons, & working volume. (00:12:48) Ethical Considerations The ethical considerations of measuring surgeon performance, with a focus on managing the careers of aging surgeons through data-driven decisions. (00:16:03) The Role of Robotics in Surgery The current and future roles of robots in surgery, debunking myths, setting realistic expectations & how this research can be applied. (00:20:29) Demand for Robotic Surgery and Tech Trust Patients' trust in technology and robots for surgery and the pitfalls of relying too much on the technology, using orthopedic surgery as a specific example. (00:23:07) Preserving Human Skills in Medicine Dr. Pugh elaborates the importance of capturing human surgical skills amidst the rise of automation in order to maintain a record of traditional practices. (00:24:49) Evolution of Surgical Procedures and Techniques The evolution of surgical procedures due to technological advancements, and how surgeons transition between different surgical technologies. (00:27:17) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Mark Skylar-Scott is one of the world’s foremost experts on the 3D printing of human tissue, cell by cell. It’s a field better known as bioprinting. But Skylar-Scott hopes to take things to a level most never imagined. He and his collaborators are working to bioprint an entire living, working human heart. We’re printing biology, Skylar-Scott tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Skylar-Scott LabConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode, guest Mark Skylar-Scott and his work bioprinting the heart. (00:02:15) What is Bioprinting & Tissue Engineering? Explanation of bioprinting and its distinction from traditional 3D printing. Overview of the technology and its applications in tissue engineering and how to get the cells for this purpose. (00:06:37) Engineering the Cells of the Heart The 11 different cell types of the heart that are being created, and the steps involved in printing them, scaffolding them, and how they form tissue. (00:12:23) Building Hearts: Size and Growth Considerations The scale of bio-printed hearts, potential strategies for growth and integration, & technical challenges in controlling cell growth and development.  (00:15:05) Scaling Up Cell Production The importance of scaling up cell production for efficient experimentation. Exploration of the transition from laboratory research to clinical implementation.  (00:18:40) Vascularization: The Key to Functional Bioprinted Organs Critical importance of creating a comprehensive vascular network & the challenges of integrating capillaries and ensuring nutrient delivery to all cells.  (00:23:00) Ethical Considerations in Bioprinting Examination of the ethical issues surrounding the use of human cells in bioprinting, focusing on consent and the potential for inequality in access due to cost. (00:26:12) The Future of Bioprinting: Timeline and Field Dynamics Projections about the timeline for the clinical application of bio-printed organs and the state of collaborative competition within the fabrication field.  (00:28:28) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Cognitive scientist Michael Frank studies differences in how children and AI learn language. There is a “data gap” between the billions of words ChatGPT has to work with and the millions of words a toddler is exposed to. But, says Frank, children learn in a rich social context that supports their learning. He’s currently conducting the “BabyView Study,” where he puts cameras on young children's heads to help him understand their learning experience, as Frank tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links: Wordbank: An open database of children's vocabulary developmentManyBabiesThe SAYCamBabyView StudyConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00) Introduction Russ Altman, host, introduces the episode's focus on the future of language learning and guest, Michael Frank, an expert on how children acquire language (02:05) Child Vs AI Language Acquisition Child language acquisition and the comparison with AI systems like ChatGPT, the differences in language learning between humans and AI, including the vast data exposure AI systems have compared to children. (05:23) Data-driven Approaches The importance of big data in understanding language acquisition and the Wordbank database. (08:04) The Early Stages of Language Learning The universal aspects of language learning across different languages and cultures, specifically babbling and its evolution into language-specific sounds. (10:30) Exploring Multimodal Language Learning Introduction to the SAYcam project, and the BabyView study both using camera footage from children to gather multimodal information.  (13:12) Social Learning and Language Acquisition Insights into how social interactions and grounded contexts facilitate children's language learning. Exploration of active learning strategies in children. (18:22) The ManyBabies Project A Global research consortium to understand child development across cultures, their first study documented infants' global preference for infant-directed speech. Michael outlines the funding challenges (21:28) Understanding Pragmatics and AI Common Sense Explanation of pragmatics in language acquisition and its importance in social cognition and inference making. The connection between pragmatic language skills in children and the challenge of instilling common sense in AI systems. (24:21) The Role of Reading in Language Learning The benefits of reading to children for language development while still recognizing diverse learning paths and early auditory learning. (27:54) Multilingualism and Early Learning Flexibility The natural ease of learning multiple languages in childhood  and when and why the flexibility in language learning begins to decline. (30:35) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re re-running an important episode on Alzheimer’s disease — a topic that touches many people. We still don’t have a complete understanding of the disease and that makes it hard to design effective therapies. In 2022, Russ Altman sat down with mechanical engineer Ellen Kuhl who offered a glimpse into the way she’s using computational modeling to help improve our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction  Russ introduces the episode on Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its global impact, challenges treating it, and Dr. Ellen Kuhl’s research on it. (00:02:08) The Approach and Research Methods Ellen Kuhl discusses her lab's interdisciplinary approach, and method of using existing data to create dynamic models to study the brain's lifecycle and degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. (00:03:46) Key Features of Alzheimer's Disease and Detection Biomarkers of Alzheimer's, their role in brain cell death and cognitive decline, and the possibilities for early detection methods of these protein issues. (00:07:20) How Computational Models Function How the models integrate various data points and physics principles to comprehensively understand Alzheimer's progression. (00:08:43) Spread of the Disease Exploring the mechanisms of how Alzheimer's spreads from cell to cell in the brain, and the progression through the lobes of the brain, regardless of the cause genetic or trauma induced. (00:12:33) Interdisciplinary Collaboration  The challenges and benefits of working as a mechanical engineer in Alzheimer's research and the opportunities of a multidisciplinary approach. (00:14:33) Alzheimer's Drug Development  Modeling a controversial Alzheimer's drug, its potential impact, and the importance of early diagnosis for effective treatment. (00:16:04) Transition to COVID Research and Modeling How the Alzheimer's model was rapidly adapated to study the spread of COVID-19, drawing parallels between brain regions and city networks. (00:18:38) Covid Modeling Learnings and Applications How their COVID models highlighted the importance of asymptomatic transmission and helped governments with reopening strategies. (00:20:24) Responsible Model Application  The rampant and at times irresponsible use of  models during the pandemic, and metrics for measuring credibility of models (00:23:59) COVID Data Sharing The positive legacy of COVID-19, focusing on the accelerated progress facilitated by open and transparent data sharing. (00:24:53) Model Interpretability and Closing Insights into the importance of model interpretability and the value of reducing complexity to enhance understanding. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Ran Abramitzky studies the economic history of immigration by tapping into now-public government records and using AI to chart changing attitudes on immigration captured in written documents and official speeches. What’s revealed is a remarkable story that often diverges from conventional wisdom. Not all streets were paved with gold, Abramitzky tells host Russ Altman, himself a descendant of immigrants, on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode's focus on immigration myths, and the data story behind them with economist Ran Abramitzky. (00:01:56) The Methods & Data used  Ran explains his approach to researching immigration using quantitative methods, data sets, and text analysis. (00:03:39) Who is an Immigrant? A conversation on the scope of the term 'immigrant' and the focus on voluntary immigration in this work (00:05:01) Personal Anecdotes and Immigrant Experiences Russ & Ran discuss the truth behind opportunities presented through immigration, illustrated by Russ’s family experience.  (00:07:11) The Rags to Riches Myth Debunking this story, looking at the economic status of immigrants on arrival and the generational improvements, often driven by taking jobs beneath their skill levels. (00:09:17) Cultural Assimilation Examining the cultural assimilation of immigrants, including marriage patterns, naming children, and citizenship. (00:10:53) Current Relevance of Historical Immigration Patterns The consistency of historical immigration trends across nationalities and generation, despite policy changes regarding borders (00:13:09) Crime Myths Exploration of resistance to immigration, debunking of myths linking immigrants to increased crime rates,  incarceration data (00:15:39) Historical and Contemporary Polarization Examining how political rhetoric and attitudes towards immigrants have evolved over the last 150 years, focusing on polarization. (00:18:00) Immigrant Beliefs on Immigration Discussion on how immigrants' attitudes towards immigration change after settling in the U.S. (00:20:34) Refugees & Ellis Island Interviews Interviews with immigrants from Ellis Island provide insights into the experiences of refugees versus economic immigrants and the convergence of immigrant paths by the second or third generation. (00:24:36) Impact of Research on Government Policy The influence, or lack, of immigration research on government policy and public perception. Abramitzky shares the importance of a long-term view of immigration success. (00:27:15) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re re-releasing a wonderful episode about the positive impact art has on individual and societal health. Guest Deborah Cullinan, vice president for the arts at Stanford, shares how including just 10-20 minutes of art in your day — whether through drawing or dancing to your favorite song — can contribute to improved health. Her insights remind us, and hopefully will remind you as well, that art plays a valuable role in both individual and societal well being.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction (00:02:04) The Power & Appreciation of Art Discussion on the societal shift and increased appreciation and demand  for art activities. (00:05:30) Expansive Definition of Art  Discussion on potential pushback and challenges in defining art boundaries. (00:07:55) Art and Health  The intersection of art and health, emphasizing its significance and the book “Your Brain on Art” and some of the neuroscience based benefits. (00:11:33) Art in Healthcare  Highlighting some of the programs integrating art and healthcare at Stanford including, Stanford Medicine's program "Medicine in the Muse" art programs for healthcare providers, and supporting mental health services for students. (00:13:30) Micro Art Moments  The potential benefits of small doses of art and demand for art programs  (00:15:19) Fluidity in Creating and Consuming Art  The symbiotic relationship between creators and consumers of art and the way creating makes you appreciate art more. (00:18:04) Technology and the Arts  (00:22:44) Exciting Art Collaborations at Stanford (00:25:53) The Importances of Art Spaces as safe spaces and community hubs (00:28:27) Conclusion Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

As the pandemic made a doctor visit as easy as a Zoom call and computer vision proved able to distinguish a benign blemish from something more worrisome, guest Eleni Linos, MD, DrPH, grew fascinated with the many ways digital technologies will impact all of medicine, not just her specialty, dermatology. She now believes the future of digital health is the future of health, period. But much work remains to ensure those benefits extend to every sector of society. Linos previews the future of digital health for host and fellow physician Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces Professor Eleni Linos and they discuss a future where digital health encompasses all aspects of healthcare and how we have moved towards that.  (02:10) Defining Digital Health The challenge of defining digital health and envisioning a future where it integrates seamlessly into healthcare without differentiation. (03:33) Dermatology and Digital Health Eleni explains her interest in digital tools for dermatology, how they have been applied in dermatology and why they are useful. (06:41) Challenges in Examining Diverse Skin Types Addressing challenges in dermatological exams for patients with diverse skin tones and backgrounds. (09:05) Impact on Patients and Health Disparities Assessing patient reactions & benefits to remote interactions and studying health disparities concerning age, ethnicity, and technology literacy. (10:56) LLMs, Digital Health, & Bias How large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are used in digital health, and their biases, and the need for and how Dr. Linos is working to reduce these. (15:24) Empathy and AI  Dr. Linos tells a personal story about empathy demonstrated by Chat GPT, and reflects on the potential of AI to enhance patient interactions and care. (18:47) Social Media in Public Health Insights into leveraging social media for public health campaigns, the strategies used to influence behavioral changes in specific demographics, and how it was employed during COVID (24:33) Challenges in Digital Medicine Education Exploring the challenges & opportunities in preparing future clinicians for a digital medicine-infused future.  (28:20) Stanford Center for Digital Health The vision and purpose of the Center for Digital Health at Stanford, emphasizing the collaboration between academia, tech companies, and a global perspective to tackle future health challenges. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

To kick off 2024, we’re bringing you an episode that’s been one of our most popular. The timing is just right as many of us are headed into the new year thinking about how to live better. In this episode, Professor Helen Blau, a stem cell biologist, tells us all about how she’s recruiting stem cells to regenerate youthful muscle in older people. We’re thrilled to bring this episode out of the archives for another listen and renewed hope about possibilities ahead in the world of health.  Happy New Year from Russ and the team here at The Future of Everything.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction & Importance of Muscles in Aging Host Russ Altman introduces the episode, the ways that muscles weakening with age affects us, and how guest, Professor Helen Blau’s work with stem cells  is addressing this. (00:02:03) Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cells The goals of regenerative medicine in enhancing the quality of life as people age. Overview of different types of stem cells and their potential. (00:04:28) Focus on Muscle: Sarcopenia and Aging Emphasizing the desire to age well, and the centrality of muscles in daily activities and how they atrophy with age. (00:07:44) Approaches to Combating Muscle Aging Lack of available drugs addressing muscle wasting and potential research directions. Targeting stem cells and mature muscle fibers for rejuvenation. (00:09:09) Lab Discoveries and Challenges Dr.  Blau's lab experiments to identify and maintain functional stem cells, the breakthrough in bioengineering microenvironments & it’s impact. (00:12:41) Stem Cell Rejuvenation Insights into rejuvenating stem cell functions through cell therapy that lead to.  (00:14:37) Inflammatory Pathways and Stem Cell Response Dr Blau explains the importance of the wave of inflammation for stem cells, and the discoveries this lead to.  (00:17:55) Broad-Scale Muscle Rejuvenation Exploring systemic alterations targeting inflammation pathways for global muscle regeneration. Identification of PGE-2 degrading enzyme and results of limiting this enzyme. (00:21:33) Human Trials, Challenges & Drug Development Discussion on the prospects of translating findings to human treatments and developing an oral drug (00:24:42) Timeline and Clinical Trials Anticipated timelines for the drug's availability for human trials and potential applications. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Russ's curated playlist of six episodes from our archive to accompany you through the holiday season & into the new year. Curated Episode Links: Is it time to rethink philanthropy? (Robert Reich) --> YouTube or Episode PageThe future of the gut microbiome (KC Huang) --> YouTube or Episode PageHow 3D printing is changing medicine (Joseph DeSimone) --> YouTube or Episode PageThe future of computational linguistics (Chris Manning) --> YouTube or Episode PageWhy physical books will always be with us (Elaine Treharne) --> YouTube or Episode PageA mobile app can be the gateway for helping communities improve their health and well-being (Abby King) --> YouTube or Episode PageConnect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Professor Michael Fischbach, tells us that the “gut biome” – that is, the complex community of bacteria that lives in our gastrointestinal tract – is what makes digesting and extracting nutrients from those meals possible. We hope you’ll tune in. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction to Microbiome: A Primer Host Russ Altman introduces the episode and its focus on the gut biome with guest Professor Michael Fischbach. Russ discusses the importance of bacteria & the influence of diet on maintaining a healthy microbiome, specifically yogurt (00:04:08) The Role of Bacteria An explanation of how bacteria are utilized by our body for digestion (00:06:16) Antibiotics and Gut Microbiome Disruption The repercussions of antibiotic use on the gut microbiome's composition and its effects on digestion. (00:07:14) Bacterial Chemicals in the Body A detailed explanation of how bacteria create chemicals that enter the bloodstream & example of one of these chemicals, of TMAO (trimethylamine N oxide) and its connection to heart disease risk.  (00:09:48) Vegans and TMAO Insight into a study involving vegans and their lack of TMAO production due to the absence of specific gut bacteria & its implications. (00:12:31) Bacteria's Use of Chemicals for Survival Dr. Fischbach explains how bacteria utilize chemicals in food due to the absence of oxygen in the gut. The concept of electrons and their role in bacterial survival. (00:14:17) Microbial Communities Discussion on manipulating microbial communities and the challenges associated with making precise changes.  (00:15:22) Fecal Transplants and Community Dynamics Insight into the success of fecal transplants in treating gut infections. Understanding the dynamics of microbial communities and their role in combating infections. (00:18:30) Building Complex Microbial Communities Exploring efforts to construct diverse communities and the stability of ecosystems. Early observations on the interactions between various bacterial species in complex communities (00:21:16) Precision Fecal Transplants Discussion on the limitations of fecal transplants and the need and potential for precision in microbial composition for treating diseases.  (00:22:29) Microbiome Diagnostics for Disease Detection The potential of microbiome analysis as a diagnostic tool for diseases like Crohn's, based on differences in gut community rosters. The debate around whether changes in the microbiome precede or result from diseases, as well as genetic & environmental factors. (00:25:39) Fermented Foods and Microbiome Impact Discussion on the potential health benefits of fermented foods and predictions about future interventions involving bacteria  (00:26:29) Microbiome and Aging Effects Early research on the impact of aging on the microbiome and the potential for programmed microbiome composition at different life stages. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Professor Stephen Quake's research has helped countless patients avoid the pain and suffering that can come with invasive diagnostic testing. Russ and Stephen discuss his work to develop a number of noninvasive blood tests to help detect preterm births, genetic disorders like Down Syndrome, cancer, and organ transplant rejection. It’s an episode that reminds us of the power of good science. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode featuring Dr. Stephen Quake, highlighting his contributions to non-invasive blood tests.  (00:00:46) Understanding DNA in Diagnostics Introduction to the revelation of detecting DNA in the bloodstream, shedding light on various bodily processes. (00:02:24) The Beginning of Dr. Quake’s work with Cell Free DNA Dr. Quake tells the story of his journey into research with cell free DNA beginning with searching for a less risky alternative to an amniocentesis (00:05:11) Impact on Prenatal Testing The transformation in prenatal diagnostics, replacing invasive tests  & understanding the detection capabilities for prenatal genetic disorders like using cell-free DNA. (00:06:39) Transplant Rejection Monitoring The discovery of cell free DNA & it’s use in heart & lung transplant patients detecting early rejection & the real-life implications of this technology. (00:10:35) Unveiling Infectious Agents The detection of infectious agents in blood & the real life applications of this discovery (00:14:52) Advances in Cancer Detection Discussion shifts to cancer detection using cell-free DNA, emphasizing the important application of monitoring cancer progression and treatment efficacy.  (00:17:18) Predicting Preterm Birth Dr. Quake delves into the groundbreaking research predicting preterm births using cell-free RNA and DNA, sharing insights into discoveries indicating preterm birth risks and gestational age predictions and the significance of this. (00:21:42) The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub's Mission The origins and bold mission of Steve Quake’s current work at the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, to cure, treat, or prevent all human diseases by the end of the century and the feasibility of such an ambitious goal.  (00:24:03) Biohub's Research Strategy Biohub's strategy focusing on cell biology and infectious diseases internally, while funding nearly a hundred faculty across diverse areas in Bay Area Universities. (00:26:26) Conclusion  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Percy Liang is an authority on AI who says that we are undergoing a paradigm shift in AI powered by foundation models, which are general-purpose models trained at immense scale, such as ChatGPT. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast, Liang tells host Russ Altman about how foundation models are built, how to evaluate them, and the growing concerns with lack of openness and transparency. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces Percy Liang, who runs the Stanford Center on Foundation Models  (00:02:26) Defining Foundation Models Percy Liang explains the concept of foundation models and the paradigm shift they represent.  (00:04:22) How are Foundation Models Built & Trained? Explanation of the training data sources and the scale of training data: training on trillions of words. Details on the network architecture, parameters, and the objective function. (00:10:36) Context Length & Predictive Capabilities Discussion on context length and its role in predictions. Examples illustrating the influence of context length on predictive accuracy.  (00:12:28) Understanding Hallucination Percy Liang explains how foundation models “hallucinate”, and the need for both truth and creative tasks which requires “lying”.  (00:15:19) Alignment and Reinforcement in Training The role of alignment and reinforcement learning from human feedback in controlling model outputs.  (00:18:14) Evaluating Foundation Models The shift from task-specific evaluations to comprehensive model evaluations, Introduction of HELM & the challenges in evaluation these models.  (00:25:09) Foundation Models Transparency Index Percy Liang details the Foundation Models Transparency Index, the initial results and reactions by the companies evaluated by it. (00:29:42) Open vs. Closed AI Models: Benefits & Risks The spectrum between open and closed AI models , benefits and security impacts Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Alex Konings studies fundamental links between the global cycle of water percolating into the ground and evaporating into the skies and a similar cycle of carbon moving through the world, shaping ecosystems, droughts, and fires. These cycles are inextricably bound, she says, and understanding how they function individually and in tandem is key to life on planet Earth. These important cycles may be easily overlooked but they cannot be ignored, Konings tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introductions  Host Russ Altman introduces the episode's focus on plant water with Dr. Alex Konings. (00:02:37) Understanding Global Carbon and Water Cycles Dr. Konings defines and explains the global carbon and water cycles and their interconnectedness, and significance (00:05:08) Transpiration Detailed explanation of transpiration: the movement of water through plants, from soil to leaves and into the atmosphere. Significance of transpiration in the context of water loss and its impact on available resources. (00:07:25) Implications of Transpiration Discussion on how transpiration affects weather, solar energy, weather forecasts & water cycling via transpiration. (00:10:21) Transpiration and Climate Change Dr. Konings elaborates on the changing dynamics of transpiration in response to rising atmospheric temperatures &  how plants adapt to increased transpiration, as well as their area of research. (00:13:48) Using Satellites to measure Plant Water Content Explanation of how satellites utilize microwaves and radar technology to measure water content in plants & challenges associated with it. (00:18:37) Impact of Transpiration on Droughts Dr. Konings elaborates on how increased transpiration in higher temperature intensifies and speeds up the onset of drought conditions. (00:21:37) Satellite Gravity Measurements for Groundwater Assessment An explanation of how satellites can be utilized to measure groundwater by measuring the force of gravity.  (00:22:30) Plant Water Dynamics, Fire Risk & Predictions Dr. Konings discusses the intricate relationship between plant water dynamics and fire risk, and how satellite-derived plant water data can be utilized in fire risk assessment models. (00:26:39) Satellite Sources and Public Data Accessibility Insight into the satellites used for measurements & accessibility of satellite data from federal agencies for research and public use. (00:27:51) Role in Governmental Agencies and Policy Dr. Konings elaborates on how her measurements and research is being utilized by government bodies and the potential for it. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re re-running a fascinating conversation Russ had with Zhenan Bao back in 2017 about the work she and her lab are doing to develop artificial skin. The possible applications of a material that could replicate properties of human skin range from restoring a sense of touch for amputees to creating bendable electronics. Thank you for tuning in, we hope you enjoy this episode from the archives. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction and Understanding the Significance of Skin Russ Altman introduces the episode, guest, Dr. Zhenan Bao, and the topic of artificial skin technology.  (00:02:40) Exploring the Science Behind Artificial Skin Dr. Bao explains the materials and mechanisms behind artificial skin. (00:05:51) Practical Applications and Future Possibilities Potential applications, including foldable cell phones, sensors on prosthetic limbs, paint, and clothing, the opportunities and concerns.  (00:10:06) Self-Healing Properties of Artificial Skin Dr. Bao explains the concept of self-healing materials, inspired by biological systems, enabled by shape memory materials. (00:12:33) Exploring Applications in Energy Sources Potential applications of flexible materials in solar cells and lithium-ion batteries, & safety concerns  and battery health monitoring using these materials. (00:15:05) Integrating Multiple Sensory Functions Russ asks about  the possibility of integrating various sensory functions into a single material, and Dr. Bao explains options for layering using inkjet  and 3d printing. (00:17:56) Interface Challenges and Communicating with the Human Brain The conversation delves into the challenges of interfacing electronic materials with the human brain. (00:19:54) Research Motivation and Collaborative Approach Dr. Bao shares her journey into her field of research, the collaborators she chooses and her studentès innovations. (00:22:51) Bendable Cell Phones: A Glimpse into the Future Insights into the future of smartphones, describing bendable devices that offer a transformative user experience. (00:25:11) University Research and Transformative Impact Dr. Zhenan Bao explains the focus of university research, emphasizing the importance of dreaming about the future, training the next generation, and balancing transformative impact with long-term goals. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Space exploration and travel are two topics that are always exciting, and that have sparked a lot of enthusiasm about the future. Debbie Senesky, a previous guest on the show, researches ways to develop tiny, tough electronics that could help augment our abilities to further explore extreme environments, such as those found in space. Today we’re re-running a conversation Russ had with Debbie in 2017 on this topic.  Enjoy. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces the episode, guest, Dr. Debbie Senesky and electronics for extreme environments. (00:04:29) Challenges in Space Exploration Dr. Senesky's insights into the challenges of space exploration, focusing on the need for tiny and tough electronics and introduces wide bandgap semiconductor materials. (00:07:38) Operation Temperatures of New Materials Discussion on the operational temperatures of wide band gap semiconductor materials, & contextualization of these temperatures in everyday life. (00:10:13) Venus and it’s harsh environment Introduction to Venus, and its unique characteristics as well as the scientific goals and reasons for studying it. (00:13:10) History of Venus Missions and Exploration Overview of past Venus missions, including the Venera program by Russia, and the challenges faced in engineering for these missions (00:16:21) Engineering Challenges in Other Space Exploration The conversation moves on to some of the other challenges posed by exploring other planets and areas of space including cold temps and power sources. (00:18:03) Collaboration with Space Agencies Discussion on collaborations between research labs and space agencies like NASA; Dr. Senesky explains her current area of research and opportunities for testing.  (00:21:15) The Space Industry Renaissance and Access to Space Russ & Debbie discuss the current boom of the space industry, the technology and developments, as well as the challenges raised by it. (00:23:34) Nanoscale Materials and Engineering Challenges Introduction to nanoscale materials, their production, and  their applications in space technologies.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Using math to improve photographs, with expert guest Gordon Wetzstein. Such methods have exploded in recent years and have wide-ranging impacts from improving your family photos, to making self-driving cars safer, to building ever-more-powerful microscopes. Somewhere in between hardware and software, he says, is the field of computational imaging, which makes cameras do some pretty amazing things. Wetzstein and host Russ Altman bring it all into focus on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introductions  Host Russ Altman introduces the guest, Gordon Wetzstein as well as the concept of non-line-of-sight imaging. (00:02:58) Computational Imaging  Gordon Wetzstein explains the concept of computational imaging and the way it integrates hardware and software for optimal image capture. (00:04:22) High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging  & Focal Stacking An explanation of what HDR is and how it captures high-contrast scenes, and the similar process of focal stacking, using multiple images to create depth.  (00:09:56) Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging  (00:15:51) Optical Computing: Extending Hardware Capabilities  Insights into optical computing, explaining how specially designed hardware can preprocess data for AI algorithms. (00:18:08) Applications of Optical Computing Exploration of applications for optical computing in power constraint systems and increased efficiency in data centers. (00:23:07) The Intersection of AI, Physics, and Computer Graphics  Synergy between AI, physics, and computer graphics in creating 3D content and models.  (00:25:47) Generative AI to Create 3D from 2D Exploring the challenge of generating 3D digital humans from unstructured 2D images using algorithms (00:32:02) Challenges & Advancements in VR and AR Design  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Almost everyone knows someone who has battled cancer. Today, on The Future of Everything, we’re re-running our episode with Professor Jennifer Cochran who is bringing some hope in this area through work she and her lab are doing to find ways to localize therapies directly to the site of cancer tumors for more efficient and effective treatment. You won’t want to miss this one, it’s full of inspiring insights that will hopefully move us toward a future of improving outcomes for cancer patients. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode, highlighting the widespread impact of cancer and the need for innovative treatment methods. (00:00:45) Traditional Cancer Treatments Overview of conventional cancer treatments: surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Challenges and limitations associated with existing treatments. (00:03:30) New Approaches to Cancer Therapy Exploration of targeted therapies utilizing biological understanding of cancer cells.  (00:05:46) Guided Chemotherapy Missiles Introduction of guest Dr. Jennifer Cochran and her work developing ‘guided chemotherapy missiles’. Dr Cochran explains how they work and the benefits of them. (00:09:04) Directed Evolution and Designer Proteins Introduction to the concept of directed evolution, the process of driving evolution in a test tube to create designer proteins with specific properties. (00:11:16) Utilizing Squirting Cucumber Seed Peptides for Chemotherapy Dr. Cochran discusses how they transformed a peptide from the seeds of the squirting cucumber into a tumor-targeting agent, the challenges of the process and the current state of the research. (00:14:56) Immunotherapy and Cancer Treatment Introduction to immunotherapy and how these therapies work in our body to fight cancers (00:16:45) Orchestrating Immune Responses: Combining Immunotherapy and Targeted Molecules Dr. Cochran explains the collaboration between tumor targeting technology and immunotherapy and current developments. (00:20:08) Making Immunotherapy Accessible: Challenges and Innovations Dr. Cochran discusses the availability of immunotherapies for cancer patients and the need for broader accessibility. (00:21:30) Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Technology Application Exploration of interdisciplinary collaborative research, the challenges and opportunities. (00:22:59) Translating Lab Discoveries into Treatments Russ & Jennifer discuss the process and challenges of translating lab research from academia into actual drug development including “ the valley of death” Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Transformational research techniques shaping our understanding of how the brain works. Guest Karl Deisseroth is a bioengineer and a psychiatrist who has developed two of the most transformational research techniques shaping our understanding of how the brain works — optogenetics, which allows neuroscientists to control brain cells with light, and CLARITY, a way to render the brain’s gray matter transparent yet retain all its intricate wiring for easier study.  There is a vast chasm between neuroscience and psychiatry, Deisseroth says of the reasons he felt compelled to develop technology ahead of pursuing science. It was never a trade-off of one over the other, however. It was simply where we had to go to get better at the science, Deisseroth tells fellow bioengineer and host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapters: (00:00:00)  Introduction to Karl Deisseroth Russ Altman introduces the episode and Karl Deisseroth, highlighting his roles as a professor of bioengineering and psychiatry. Explanation of Karl Deisseroth's approach to addressing challenges in neuroscience through technology development and application. (00:03:23) Balancing Technology Development and Scientific Exploration Discussion on the challenges of balancing technology development with scientific exploration. Karl Deisseroth's perspective on integrating technology development as a primary goal in neuroscience research. (00:05:03) Optogenetics: Controlling Neurons with Light Introduction to optogenetics as a method for precise control of individual cells using light. Explanation of the historical challenges in controlling neurons and the need for precise techniques. (00:07:25) Importance of Bioengineering in Innovation Highlighting the role of bioengineering in translating scientific ideas into practical tools. Importance of collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches in bioengineering and neuroscience. (00:10:04) Discovering Microbial Rhodopsins and Opsins Karl Deisseroth explains the class of proteins known as microbial rhodopsins and their genes, microbial opsins. Discussion on the historical knowledge of these proteins and their presence in biochemistry textbooks. (00:12:50) Realizing Optogenetics in Human Brains Karl Deisseroth discusses the practical application of optogenetics in the central nervous system of human beings. An example of a successful experiment by Karl's colleague Botond Roska, enabling a blind person to see objects. (00:16:01) Bridging Psychiatry and Neurotechnology Transition to discussing Karl Deisseroth's role as a practicing psychiatrist and the challenges faced in patient care. Integration of clinical experiences into scientific research and its impact on experimental design and understanding disease processes. (00:16:54) The Intersection of Science and Medicine Examination of the balance between clinical practice and scientific research in Karl Deisseroth's work. Importance of firsthand patient experiences in shaping research goals and addressing clinical challenges. (00:20:25) Unraveling Brain Complexity with Optogenetics Discussion on the complexity of the brain's parts list and challenges in categorizing cell types. Utilizing optogenetic tools to explore specific brain cell types and their functions. The intersection of clinical psychiatry, technology, and neuroscience in advancing our understanding of the brain. (00:21:00) Integrating Optogenetics into Neuroscience Exploration of the significance of having a detailed parts list for the brain and its impact on optogenetic research. Integrating optogenetic tools to study diverse brain functions and disorders. The evolving landscape of neuroscience research and the potential applications of optogenetics in the future. (00:24:53) The Interconnectedness of Brain Cells Examination of experiments recording from tens of thousands of cells while observing a thirsty mouse's behavior. Insights into the rapid and interconnected nature of the brain, lead to widespread correlations among neurons. (00:28:05) Writing "Projections": Balancing Science and Literature Karl Deisseroth's motivation for writing "Projections" was to share the inner worlds of psychiatric patients and communicate scientific advancements. Challenges in balancing literary creativity with scientific accuracy, capturing patients' experiences while staying grounded in truth. (00:31:02) Receiving Feedback and Impact of "Projections" Reflection on the reception of "Projections" and feedback received from readers, including patients with psychiatric disorders.Karl Deisseroth's satisfaction in capturing the experiences of patients and the impact of the book on diverse readers. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

A perspective on the need for diversity and empathy in the engineering profession.  As we enter a new academic year, it’s an opportune time to think about how we’re educating the next generation of engineers. Russ's conversation in 2020 with Sheri Sheppard, an emeritus professor of mechanical engineering and founder of the Designing Education Lab at Stanford, sheds light on this important topic.  Professor Sheppard shares about ways that will help us educate engineers who not only are technically trained but also bring empathy into their work. Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces the episode and the importance of engineering education in society. (00:00:46) The Core of Engineering Russ Altman discusses the overarching themes of engineering education: problem-solving, scientific grounding, social context, and design. (00:02:11) The Need for Diversity in Engineering Introduction to Professor Sheri Sheppard and her efforts in expanding engineering education. Discussion on the lack of diversity in the engineering profession and its implications. The influence of engineers on everyday life and the need for diverse perspectives in product design. (00:06:51) Beyond Traditional Sciences Reflecting on the historical shift from a focus on sciences to incorporating design and social sciences in engineering education. (00:09:11) Human-Centered Engineering Examining the importance of considering human factors, ergonomics, and cognitive aspects in engineering solutions. (00:10:35) Student Challenges and Responses Addressing student responses to the expanded approach in engineering education. Discussing the importance of learning to interpret qualitative data and the openness to learning in various fields. (00:12:26) Diverse Perspectives in Engineering Education Russ Altman discusses the expansion of engineering education beyond traditional sciences and mathematics. Professor Sheri Sheppard emphasizes the importance of empathy, ethics, and diverse perspectives in engineering problem-solving. Exploring the challenges of integrating these principles into the curriculum and industry practices. (00:14:42) Industry Response and Cultural Change How companies are recognizing the positive impact of diversity on innovation and bottom-line performance. Challenges faced by companies in integrating diversity into their organizational culture and recognizing it in job descriptions. (00:17:00) Challenges Faced by Trailblazers Professor Sheri Sheppard shares her experiences as a woman engineer in the automotive industry. Navigating the feelings of isolation and strategies for finding allies and support within organizations. (00:18:34) Industry Perspectives and Evidence of Diversity Impact The evidence supports the positive impact of diverse teams on innovation. Challenges faced by companies in recognizing diversity efforts and integrating them into performance evaluations. (00:21:50) Empowering Change Agents Strategies for individuals to become change agents within their organizations. Introduction to the concept of "Tempered Radicals" and navigating organizational change while maintaining professional integrity. (00:25:35) Building Relationships and Gaining Respect The challenges faced by young and female engineers in gaining respect and credibility in their roles. Encouraging students to find allies and create a supportive network in the workplace. (00:26:58) Navigating Workplace Dynamics Advice for students entering the workforce as potential change agents. The significance of finding allies and creating spaces for diverse voices to be heard. Developing soft skills, such as networking and communication, as essential tools for success in engineering careers. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Discover how quantum mechanics is reshaping our understanding of time, reestablishing computational capabilities, and ensuring the security of sensitive data transmission.  Guest Monika Schleier-Smith is a physicist who says that quantum principles, like entanglement, can make atoms do funny things, such as allowing two atoms to share secrets across great distances. While entanglement opens tantalizing possibilities like quantum computing, there’s still much we don’t know about quantum mechanics. She now uses lasers to “cool” atoms to near motionlessness as a starting point for controlling and proving entanglement, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapter Timestamps: (00:00:00) Opening Remarks  Monika Schleier Smith, a distinguished professor of physics at Stanford University, kickstarts the episode by introducing the enthralling world of quantum mechanics. Russ Altman introduces the episode and welcomes Monika Schleier Smith to discuss quantum mechanics and entanglement. And he encourages listeners to engage with the podcast by rating and reviewing it. (00:02:50) Quantum Mechanics Fundamentals Monika provides insights into the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, including the concept of quantum uncertainty. (00:04:22) Embracing Entanglement  The episode delves into the concept of entanglement, highlighting its non-local properties and the intriguing correlations between particles. (00:06:55) Initiating Quantum Entanglement  Monika explains the initial interactions required to establish quantum entanglement between particles. Explore the challenges in preserving entanglement and the impact of quantum measurement. (00:10:12) Laser-Cooled Atoms in Research  Monika Schleier Smith sheds light on her lab's laser-cooled atoms research and their vital role in entanglement studies. (00:11:39) The Doppler Effect and Slowing Atoms Monika explains the Doppler effect and its role in slowing down atoms using laser beams. Russ Altman connects the Doppler effect to everyday experiences, like the sound of approaching vehicles. (00:13:04) Tracking and Holding Atoms Monika describes the next steps in their experiments, involving tracking and holding well-controlled atoms in a vacuum. Russ Altman mentions the challenges of maintaining atoms at low temperatures and in isolation. (00:14:49) Getting Atoms to Talk Monika explores the need for entanglement and how it involves making atoms interact. Different approaches, including using Rydberg states and optical resonators, are mentioned. (00:16:17) Leveraging Light as a Messenger Monika introduces the concept of using light to convey information between atoms. The discussion includes optical resonators and controlling interactions on different length scales. Russ Altman jokingly mentions the potential size of the lab. (00:16:32) Preserving Entanglement Monika highlights the challenge of preserving entanglement and preventing information leakage to the outside world. The importance of maintaining secrecy for entangled states is emphasized. (00:17:34) Proving Entanglement Monika explains the need for proving entanglement, distinguishing it from classical correlations. She mentions John Bell's contributions to the theory of proving entanglement. Russ Altman seeks clarification on classical correlations. (00:20:13) Measuring Incompatible Observables Monika outlines the measurement of incompatible observables as a way to prove entanglement. The discussion touches on the concept of spin for atom measurements. (00:22:19) Quantum Computing Potential  The conversation shifts to quantum computing, where Monika discusses how quantum bits (qubits) can provide computational advantages over classical bits, paving the way for solving complex problems like drug discovery and material science. (00:28:15) Quantum Communication Secrets  Monika sheds light on quantum communication's ability to secure data transmission by leveraging the principles of entanglement and quantum error correction.  (00:32:39) Conclusion & closing  Russ and Monika wrap up their enlightening conversation, emphasizing the ongoing pursuit of quantum knowledge and technology. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Discover the astonishing intricacies of microbial ecosystems and their potential to improve healthcare.  Guest KC Huang is many things: A bioengineer. A microbiologist. An inventor. But mostly he’s an expert on the ecology of the human gut. He and his collaborators have developed a device that can sample bacterial DNA and create a living map of the gut microbiome from mouth to … ah, well … you know. Every step of the way, he says, we play host to trillions of guests we know very little about. It’s time we got to know them, Huang tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapter Timestamps: (00:00:00) Introduction Russ introduces the gut microbiome and its impact on health. The potential for engineering ourselves through microbiome manipulation. (00:00:57) Overview of Gut Microbiome Russ Altman introduces the guest, KC Huang. KC provides an overview of the gut microbiome and its impact on health and everyday life. (00:05:21) Challenges in Studying the Gut Microbiome KC Huang discusses the challenges in studying the gut microbiome, including the limited data and the difficulty in accessing the ecosystem.The unique interface between human cells and gut microorganisms is emphasized. (00:07:02) Poop as a Data Source Russ Altman humorously mentions the collection of poop for research purposes. The difficulties in studying the bowel's internal microbiome are discussed. (00:08:53) Diversity of Gut Microorganisms KC Huang addresses the diversity of microorganisms in the gut microbiome. The challenges of characterizing the complex ecosystem are highlighted.KC Huang corrects a common misconception about the location of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome as an external influence on the human body is explained. (00:10:45) The Impact of Gut Microbiome Beyond Bowel Movements Russ Altman mentions the gut microbiome's influence on brain function, diet, exercise, and more. The far-reaching effects of the gut microbiome are introduced.KC Huang addresses the connection between the gut microbiome and brain function. The constant interaction between microorganisms and the brain is emphasized. (00:12:22) Impact of Gut Microbiome on Sleepiness The relationship between post-meal sleepiness and gut microbiome activity is mentioned. The gut as a source of constant growth and activity is explained. (00:13:19) The Device for Studying the Gut Microbiome KC Huang introduces an innovative device designed to study the gut microbiome by collecting samples at different points in the gut. The device's simplicity and capabilities for multi-dimensional analysis are highlighted. (00:17:32) Exercise and Its Effect on Body Temperature The role of exercise in increasing body temperature and its potential influence on the gut microbiome is explored. Possible connections between exercise, temperature, and gastrointestinal effects are mentioned. (00:21:55 ) The Student Survey on Microbiome Therapies KC Huang shares the results of a student survey about microbiome-based therapies, highlighting changes in perception after studying the field. The evolving excitement and uncertainty surrounding the field's future are mentioned. (00:23:52) The Need to Embrace Ecosystem Complexity KC Huang emphasizes the importance of embracing the complexity of the gut microbiome ecosystem. The limitations of reductionist approaches in the field are highlighted. (00:28:20) Complexity with a Thousand Species KC Huang explores the challenges of dealing with complex microbial ecosystems containing thousands of species. The significance of interactions between these species is discussed. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Jane Willenbring is a geoscientist who studies accelerating coastal erosion. The challenge lies not in understanding why coasts are receding today, but in determining what they looked like a thousand years ago to know how much they’ve changed — a secret revealed in coastal rocks through isotopes shaped by cosmic radiation. But measurement is only one part of the equation, she says. We must now think about erosion’s impact on humans, Willenbring tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapter Timestamps: (00:00:00) Introduction by Jane Willenbring  Jane Willenbring, a distinguished expert in coastal erosion and a professor at Stanford University, joins Russ Altman to explore "The Future of Coastal Erosion." (00:01:42) Defining Coastal Erosion Dr. Willenbring provides an overview of coastal erosion, explaining its causes and effects on coastlines around the world. She discusses the natural processes and human influences contributing to coastal landscape erosion. (00:04:56) Challenges of Coastal Erosion The conversation delves into the challenges of coastal erosion, including the impacts on infrastructure, property, and communities. Dr. Willenbring highlights the complexities of addressing erosion in different geographical regions and the importance of understanding erosion rates. (00:06:44) Erosion Rates and Predictions Dr. Willenbring discusses the methods used to measure erosion rates and predict future coastal changes. She explains how these predictions can guide policy and planning decisions to mitigate the impacts of erosion. (00:10:49) Impacts on the Infrastructure  Dr. Willenbring shared the impacts on the infrastructure and on the actual coast. Also shared all the different kinds of reasons to be concerned about the same. (00:12:44) Interplay with Policy and Planning The conversation shifts to the intersection of coastal erosion with policy and planning. Dr. Willenbring explores how episodic erosion events and long-term projections influence decision-making for infrastructure and land use. (00:15:49) Building Bridges vs. Managed Retreat  Exploration of options for addressing coastal erosion, such as building bridges.Consideration of the downsides of building bridges and hardening infrastructure. Examination of landscape "unzipping" and its implications for erosion. (00:18:15) Sea Level Rise and Its Coastal Impact Delve into the ways in which sea level rise affects coastlines and the Impact of flooding and potential changes in coastal shapes. Explore the significance of wide beaches in protecting coastlines. (00:22:33) Displacement and Human Impacts  Delve into the potential displacement caused by coastal erosion. Focus on the impact on low-income communities and indigenous villages. Reflection on the ethical considerations of policy responses. (00:25:16) Health Implications and Infrastructure Challenges Examining the potential health risks associated with coastal erosion.Consideration of compromised water treatment plants and their consequences.Discussion on the uncertainties and challenges of responding to erosion-related threats. (00:26:34) Role of Vegetation in Coastal Defence Explore the role of vegetation in protecting coastlines. Difference between invasive and native plants in coastal environments.Insights into the potential use of kelp for wave buffering. (00:27:50) Human Activities and Cliff Stability Examining the impact of human activities, such as irrigation, on cliff stability. Discussion on the potential consequences of excessive water use on erosion. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Join host Russ Altman with guest Rania Awaad, M.D.,  a Clinical Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the Stanford University School of Medicine where she is the Director of the Stanford Muslim Mental Health & Islamic Psychology Lab.  Delve into the intersection of mental health and spirituality, shedding light on the importance of holistic approaches for comprehensive healing. Drawing from historical wisdom, Awaad introduces the concept of Maristans, ancient healing centers that integrate physical, mental, and spiritual therapies to offer a holistic model of care.  As the conversation unfolds, listeners gain a deeper understanding of how these principles can be applied in modern healthcare, fostering patient-centric approaches that consider mind, body, and spirit. From addressing diverse faiths to collaboration between medical and spiritual practitioners, Awaad's insights pave the way for a future where holistic healing is at the forefront of medical practice. Chapter Timestamps: (00:00:00) Introduction Rania Awaad discusses her journey in studying the connection between Islam and mental health, including historical understandings of mental illness and treatments, such as talk therapy. (00:03:05) Special Challenges in Studying Muslim Mental Health Professor Awaad discusses the challenges of providing mental health care to the diverse Muslim community in the United States. The impact of immigration, intergenerational trauma, and racial diversity on mental health is highlighted. Factors like acculturation, family dynamics, and historical trauma are considered. (00:06:50) The Intersection of Faith and Mental Health Professor Awaad shares insights into how the Islamic faith intersects with mental health. The concept of holistic health in Islam and its implications for mental health are explained. Early Muslim scholars' references to scripture in understanding and treating mental illness are discussed. (00:13:13) Faith and Resistance to Treatment The conversation delves into addressing resistance to medical treatment based on religious beliefs. The concept of "spiritual bypassing" is introduced, where religious frameworks are used to explain mental health issues. Professor Awaad shares her unique approach as a dual-trained psychiatrist and theologian. (00:14:22) Transferring Knowledge to Practitioners Russ Altman inquires how to transfer Professor Awaad's insights and dual training to other practitioners. The role of her nonprofit, Maristan, in providing training and resources is highlighted. The development of integrated psychotherapy models and training is discussed. (00:17:09) Common Threads in Different Faiths The discussion explores commonalities in mental health challenges and solutions across Abrahamic faiths. The potential for sharing insights and strategies among different religious communities is emphasized. (00:19:19) The Impact of COVID-19 on Muslim Mental Health The challenges faced by the Muslim community during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during Ramadan, are discussed. Professor Awaad shares findings from a global study on Muslims' mental health perceptions during the pandemic. (00:23:00) Maristan: A Place of Healing The nonprofit organization Maristan is introduced, and its name's historical significance is explained. The role of Maristan in integrating spirituality and mental health care is discussed, along with its goal of making mental health care more accessible to all communities. While modern languages have introduced alternative terms for hospitals, the historical terminology persists in some regions. (00:25:10) Bringing Holistic Healing to Modern Medicine Russ Altman discusses the concept of healing centers and the need to reintroduce holistic healing into modern medicine. Professor Awaad shares her vision of Maristans serving as a model for modern healthcare, emphasizing holistic care for the mind, body, and soul. (00:27:21) Maristans: A Model for Holistic Healing Russ Altman reflects on the patient's desire for holistic care and the limitations of current medical practices. Professor Awaad describes the architectural and therapeutic aspects of Maristans, highlighting their use of water fountains, greenery, acoustics, and sound therapy. The contrast between Maristans and historical asylums/prisons for the mentally ill is discussed.   Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Bad science is a big problem for society, says guest Jonathan Osborne, an expert in science education, but we don’t have to surrender to it. Beating bad science requires young people to learn three skills, Osborne says. First is an ability to size up conflicts of interest. Second, to evaluate a source’s qualifications. And third, to more rigorously question those who go against consensus. The whole goal of science is consensus, Osborne tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapter Timestamps: (00:00:00) Introduction to the Episode Welcome to this episode featuring an insightful conversation with Jonathan Osborne about the nuances of scientific argumentation and its implications for education. (00:2:00) The state of science education The situation is a pretty dire, and we need to act soon to make sure that we outfit the future generations with the tools they need to navigate truth and falsehoods in science. (00:03:01) The Importance of Science Education The role of science education in society and the need for a new approach to science education (00:08:31) Developmental Learning Progression in Science Education Discussion on when young people are cognitively ready to understand the challenges of science education. The Finnish curriculum in media literacy as an example. (00:09:31) Student Attitudes and the Fundamentals of Science Education The importance of student attitudes towards science. The role of science education in preparing students to be citizens in a rapidly changing world. (00:11:31) The Shortcomings of Current Science Education Critique of the current state of science education. The need for focusing on big ideas rather than just facts. (00:14:51) The Key Stakeholders in Changing Science Education Discussion on who holds the keys to curricular practices. The role of boards of education, textbook writers, and faculty members in shaping science education. (00:15:21) The Challenges of Changing Science Education Jonathan Osborne's career reflections on trying to make changes. The resistance faced from institutional conservatism. The impact of government changes on science education (00:17:01) The Problem with Current Curriculum Lack of opportunities for teachers to pursue their interests. The need to cut back on performance expectations. Giving teachers more freedom and agency. (00:18:29) Misinformation and Science Education Concerns about misinformation in science. Tools needed to help young people vet information. (00:19:31) The Role of Scientific Argumentation Different forms of scientific argumentation. The importance of teaching scientific argumentation to students. (00:22:36) The Power of Storytelling in Science The need for more stories in science education. How stories can make science more relatable and convincing. (00:27:21)  The Urgency of Updating Science Education The rate at which teaching standards are updated. The need for flexibility in science education standards. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The Future of computer chip design: delve into a revolutionary approach to chip design.  A re-run of a conversation Russ had in 2021 with Priyanka Raina, an assistant professor of electrical engineering. Priya is an expert in computer chip design. Whether or not you realize it, chips are everywhere and power everything from your toaster to your car. Priya discusses the slowing pace of progress in improving chip efficiency, and how she sees a future where chip makers will need to shift away from general-purpose computer chips to task-specific chips. Chapter Time Stamps: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode and the guest, Professor Priyanka Raina, an expert in electrical engineering. (00:01:15) The Traditional Chip Design Paradigm Explore the traditional chip design process and its challenges, including long development times and limitations in reusability. (00:04:28) The Role of Specialized Chips Understand the emergence of specialized chips and how they target specific applications for improved performance. (00:07:56) The Promise of Core-Grain Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) Learn about core-grain reconfigurable arrays and how they bridge the gap between specialization and adaptability. (00:10:12) Balancing Flexibility and Specialization Discover the concept of specialized compute units within CGRAs and how they can be tailored to various applications. (00:13:25) Agile Hardware Design Explore the concept of agile hardware design and how it enables faster chip development iterations. (00:16:40) Overcoming Hardware and Software Challenges Understand the challenges of combining adaptable hardware with rapidly changing software and applications. (00:19:02) The Role of Compilers in Chip Design Explore the significance of compilers in translating high-level programming into efficient hardware instructions. (00:21:30) Adapting Compilers for CGRAs Discover how compilers are adapted to work seamlessly with core-grain reconfigurable arrays, enabling automatic updates as hardware changes. (00:23:40) Benefits of Agile Chip Development Learn about the potential benefits of agile chip development, including reduced time-to-market and adaptability to evolving applications. (00:26:15) Revolutionizing Chip Development with CGRAs Discuss how CGRAs can reshape the landscape of chip design, offering a new approach to balancing specialization and adaptability. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Today we're rerunning a conversation Russ had in 2020 with Mykel Kochenderfer, a professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Stanford University. Mykel's research has impacted anyone who has been on a plane recently for any kind of travel. His research led to the creation of a program known as the Airborne Collision Avoidance System, or ACAS X , which as he explains in more detail, is a critical tool in keeping air travel safe. Thank you for tuning in, and we hope you enjoy this episode from the archives. Chapter Time Stamps: (00:00:50) ACAS X Origins Russ Altman sets the stage by revisiting a conversation from 2020 with Professor Mykel Kochenderfer, a pioneer in aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University. They discuss Mykel's groundbreaking research leading to the creation of the Airborne Collision Avoidance System, ACAS X. (00:03:10) Ensuring Trustworthy Autonomous Vehicles Exploring the challenges in building trustworthy autonomous systems, Mykel discusses the complexities of imperfect sensor systems, uncertainty in predicting future trajectory, and the trade-off between safety and operational efficiency. (00:07:20) Dynamic Programming: The Key to ACAS X Mykel explains the role of dynamic programming in ACAS X, transforming complex computations into tractable tasks through offline modeling and a lookup table, balancing safety and efficiency. (00:10:30) Balancing Safety and Efficiency Russ and Mykel delve into the intricate balance between safety and operational efficiency in ACAS X, highlighting the need for AI systems to make sound decisions even in rare, low-probability scenarios. (00:14:15) ACAS X Implementation and Use Cases Mykel elaborates on the role of ACAS X in aviation safety, detailing its advisory nature and its integration with air traffic control systems, while addressing the potential automation in specific aircraft models. (00:17:40) Broadening Horizons: Urban Air Mobility Exploring the expansion of ACAS X to urban air mobility systems, Russ and Mykel discuss the challenges of modeling and validating models for a wide range of aircraft, and the importance of incorporating human expertise. (00:21:05) Global Collaboration and AI Consensus Mykel emphasizes the collaborative nature of ACAS X implementation, involving different stakeholders, such as the FAA, Eurocontrol, and ICAO, and the role of AI in reaching a consensus on safety objectives. (00:23:30) The Journey Ahead As the conversation draws to a close, Mykel reflects on the evolution of ACAS X, its future applications, and the fusion of AI and human wisdom shaping the skies of tomorrow. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest David Rehkopf is an expert in population health who says that where we live is one of the strongest influences on how long we live. While we know diet and health care are important, it has been tough to tease out what about these places allows people to live longer and healthier lives. By examining environmentally induced changes in DNA, we may be able to more quickly and more accurately quantify what aspects of environments promote longer, healthier lives, Rehkopf tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapter Time Stamps: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman delves into the fascinating world of longevity with Dr. David Rehkopf from Stanford University. Discover the surprising links between government policies, corporate practices, and their impact on health. (00:02:14) The Quest for Centenarians Explore Dr. Rehkopf's research on centenarians in Costa Rica and how these long-lived individuals offer insights into the factors influencing longevity. (00:06:20) Unraveling the Genetics of Longevity Learn how genetic factors play a role in determining how long we live, and how centenarians possess unique genetic signatures that may hold the key to extended lifespans. (00:09:45) Lifestyle and Environment Discover the impact of lifestyle choices and environmental factors on longevity. From the benefits of traditional diets to the potential effects of infectious disease exposure, the picture becomes clearer. (00:10:55) The Role of Exercise Dive deeper into the significance of physical activity on long-term health and how regular exercise can contribute to increased lifespan and overall well-being. (00:11:40) Social Connections and Longevity Explore the intricate relationship between social connections, community engagement, and the potential impact on living longer and healthier lives. (00:13:30) Government Policies and Health Dr. Rehkopf sheds light on the influence of government policies, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), on health outcomes. Find out how these policies can positively impact maternal health and sickness absence rates. (00:15:20) The Power of Public Health Initiatives Learn about the importance of public health initiatives in promoting healthy behaviours, preventing diseases, and potentially extending the human lifespan. (00:16:05) Access to Healthcare Explore the crucial role of accessible healthcare in longevity, and how disparities in healthcare access can affect different populations. (00:18:30) Work-Life Balance Delve into the concept of work-life balance and its potential impact on employee health and happiness in the long run. (00:19:45) Corporate Wellness Programs Learn about the various corporate wellness programs and initiatives aimed at improving employee well-being and how they might influence longevity. (00:21:05) Hybrid Work Models and Longevity As the world adapts to the pandemic-driven hybrid work models, Dr. Rehkopf discusses the potential long-term effects on workforce health and well-being. (00:23:40) The Road Ahead In this final chapter, we speculate on the future of longevity research and how understanding the intricate connections between government, corporations, and individual choices can shape a healthier and longer life for all. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

As anyone with chronic disease knows, access to health care doesn’t always equate with equitable health care outcomes, says guest Alyce Adams, an expert in innovations in health policy. Too often, care delivery breaks down along racial and socioeconomic lines. Our focus should be on better outcomes for all people, she says. Adams now develops interventions to help communities and health systems improve care delivery — and health equity — as she tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapters: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode and welcomes Professor Alyce Adams from Stanford University to discuss how new approaches in communities and health systems are improving care delivery for traditionally underserved populations. (00:01:29) Unraveling Health Disparities They discuss the disparities present in healthcare, particularly among underrepresented populations, and the importance of integrating patient voices in research. (00:02:42) Addressing Socioeconomic Factors The role of socioeconomic factors in health disparities and how they influence access to quality care. The discussion also examines efforts to eliminate barriers and provide equitable healthcare. (00:04:15) Cultural Competence in Medicine The conversation shifts to the significance of cultural competence in healthcare delivery. Prof. Adams explains the need for healthcare professionals to understand and respect diverse cultural backgrounds to ensure effective patient care. (00:07:50) Bridging the Knowledge Gap Insights into understanding patient knowledge and disease understanding, focusing on the example of tobacco use. The efforts to integrate patient and caregiver perspectives early in the research process are discussed. (00:09:15) Empowering Patient Decision-Making  The discussion explores strategies to empower patients in their healthcare decisions. Prof. Adams explains the importance of personalized care plans that align with patient values and priorities. (00:11:30) Digital Health Literacy  The increasing role of digital health tools and the importance of health literacy in utilizing these technologies effectively. The challenges of ensuring equitable access to digital health resources are also addressed. (00:15:10) Qualitative Methods in Research Insights into qualitative research methods and their significance in understanding patient experiences and priorities. The need for collaboration with community partners to shape research questions is emphasized. (00:17:05) The Power of Patient Stories  The conversation discusses the impact of patient narratives in healthcare research. Prof. Adams explains how patient stories provide valuable context and humanize data, leading to more comprehensive and patient-centric research outcomes. (00:20:30) Building Patient-Centric Algorithms   The development of AI algorithms to assess patient risk and facilitate decision-making for clinicians. Prof. Adams discusses the challenges of encoding priorities in these algorithms while considering potential biases. (00:22:12) Algorithmic Transparency  The discussion delves into the importance of algorithmic transparency and its role in building trust between patients and AI-driven healthcare systems. Prof. Adams explains the need for clear and interpretable AI models. (00:27:45) Ethical Considerations in AI Implementation The conversation explores ethical considerations in implementing AI technologies in healthcare. Prof. Adams discusses the potential risks and benefits and the importance of continuous evaluation and oversight. (00:30:15) Engaging Policy Makers The episode concludes with an optimistic view of policymakers' receptivity to research insights. Prof. Adams explains the importance of proactive engagement and communication in policy decisions. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re on the cusp of another election season. As people across the country educate themselves on the issues and candidates on this year’s ballot, one question they will have to ask themselves is, how do I tell fact from fiction? In early 2022, my guest Johan Ugander shared his research to better understand the ways information spreads online. We’re re-running this episode today, and I hope you’ll take the time to hear a few of the strategies he recommends for preventing the spread of misinformation. Chapter Time Stamps: (00:00:45) Exploring the Spread of Information with Johan Ugander Johan Ugander joins Russ Altman to discuss the intriguing dynamics behind the spread of information, drawing parallels to viral infections and shedding light on the battle between true and false news. (00:01:14) Matching Methods and Treatment Control Analysis Discover how matching methods and treatment control analysis play a crucial role in understanding the differences between true and false news, helping us unravel the complexities of information dissemination. (00:02:22) The Tree Analogy: True News vs. False News Exploring the tree analogy to understand how the spread of false news resembles that of true news, raisins intriguing questions about their results. (00:04:14) The Battle on One Front: False News Infectiousness Dive into the heart of the debate surrounding false news, as Johan uncovers a startling finding - false news not only spreads more but also exhibits higher infectiousness, challenging the notion of battling on multiple fronts. (00:05:34) Epidemiological Metaphors and the Spread of Information Johan elucidates the long-standing connection between epidemiological metaphors and information spread, revealing the fascinating interplay between social psychology and cognition in the dissemination process. (00:08:34) Information Spreading vs Viral Infections Distinctions between information spread and viral infections, as Johan highlights the critical role of decision-making and cognition in the former, in contrast to the particle-based interactions in the latter. (00:10:22) The Common Basic Toolkit of Spread Processes Discover the underlying commonalities between information spread and viral infections, as Johan emphasizes the presence of a shared basic toolkit while acknowledging the specific inquiry methods unique to each domain. (00:12:40) Lessons for Stopping the Spread of False News Uncover valuable insights on combatting the spread of false news, as Johan explores the power of drawing attention to accuracy, introducing frictions in information sharing, and leveraging product changes for differential control. (00:14:25) Drawing Attention to Accuracy and Decision Consequences Explore the psychology behind information spread and decision-making, as Johan highlights how drawing attention to content accuracy can differentially limit the propagation of false information, exemplified by Twitter's retweet validation feature. (00:16:12) Adding Friction to Information Sharing Learn about the significance of adding frictions to information sharing, exemplified by Twitter's prompt to prompt users to reconsider retweeting unread content, and its impact in curbing the spread of false information. (00:18:30) The Value of Computational Auditing in Parole Systems Shift gears as the discussion transitions to the world of parole systems, where Johan and Russ delve into the significance of computational auditing in shedding light on inconsistencies and arbitrariness within the California parole system. (00:21:40) Analyzing Parole Grant Rates Across Commissioners Explore the disparities in parole grant rates across different commissioners, as Johan explains the computational techniques employed to evaluate the system's fairness by shuffling commissioner assignments and examining deviations from expected outcomes. (00:23:15) Unveiling Inconsistencies and Arbitrariness Dive into the discoveries made through computational auditing, as Johan reveals the presence of inconsistencies and arbitrariness in the parole system, raising important questions about its fairness and potential avenues for improvement. (00:25:16) Conclusion and Future Impact of Computational Audit Reflect on the transformative potential of computational auditing in parole systems, as Johan and Russ discuss the broader implications of their work, including increased transparency, societal impact, and collaboration with criminal justice reform groups. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Delve into the possibilities of silicon photonics as a game-changer in chip manufacturing. This is a re-run of a show that Russ did with David Miller back in 2021. David is an electrical engineer, and works in the field of photonics. As he shares in this conversation, there’s great potential for the field of photonics to help solve the problems posed by an increasing demand for computing power. Silicon-chip computers are starting to hit fundamental limits, and advances in the field of photonics – technology that uses light waves – may be just the help we need. David’s research offers a bright spot as we look to a future that continuously demands more computing power. Enjoy! Chapter Notes (00:00:00) Introduction Join us as we delve into the world of optical computing, exploring its potential to revolutionize information processing and overcome the limitations of traditional electronic systems. (00:00:27) Limitations of electronic systems Gain insights into the current constraints faced by electronic systems, such as speed and energy efficiency, and discover why alternative approaches are necessary. (00:01:42) Challenges of copper wire interconnects  Understand the challenges associated with copper wire interconnects and how optical interconnects offer a promising solution with their potential for increased speed and bandwidth. (00:04:12) Optical interconnects explained Dive deeper into the concept of optical interconnects, exploring the principles behind transmitting data through light and the advantages they hold over traditional copper wires. (00:06:08) Optics in long-distance communication Learn about the significant role optics plays in long-distance communication, from transmitting data through undersea cables to interconnecting cities with optical fiber networks. (00:07:41) Growing demand for high-speed data transmission Discover the growing demand for high-speed data transmission in data centers and the need for scalable solutions that can handle the increasing volume of information. (00:09:50) Silicon photonics Explore the cutting-edge technology of silicon photonics, which leverages existing manufacturing processes to create photonic chips, opening new possibilities for optical computing. (00:11:08) Transparency of materials, germanium's role & integration challenges Delve into the optical properties of materials like silicon and glass, the potential of germanium as a complementary material to silicon, and the challenges of integrating new materials into existing silicon-based manufacturing processes. (00:13:37) Overcoming device energy limitations Learn about the progress made in reducing the energy consumption of devices that convert electrical signals into optical signals, a crucial step in achieving efficient optical computing. (00:15:48) Introduction to "deep optics" and future prospects Explore the concept of "deep optics," which goes beyond interconnects to encompass the potential use of optics for processing tasks within computing systems, and discover the immense potential of deep optics to transform computing systems and pave the way for a new era of information processing. (00:19:04) Programmable and self-configuring optical systems Gain insights into the development of programmable and self-configuring optical systems that can adapt their behavior, optimize light streams, and open up possibilities for advanced information processing. (00:23:36) Future prospects Explore the immense potential of deep optics to transform computing systems and pave the way for a new era of information processing.   Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Chaitan Khosla is a chemical engineer who says that the world’s most advanced drug factories are not behemoths of the industrial age, but microscopic bacteria. These tiny creatures have evolved enzymatic assembly lines that ingest raw materials and churn out valuable other molecules, like life-saving antibiotics. By engineering new microbes, we hope to create next-generation drugs, Khosla tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapter Show Notes: (00:00:43) Introduction to Assembly Lines and Antibiotics Russ welcomes Professor Khosla and introduces the intriguing world of bacterial assembly lines and their crucial role in antibiotic synthesis. He emphasizes the significance of antibiotics and their intricate molecular structures. (00:06:19) Enzymatic Assembly Lines: The Automotive Analogy Drawing an analogy between assembly lines in nature and automotive assembly lines, discussion highlights the remarkable efficiency and meticulous organization of bacterial assembly lines. (00:08:17) The Scale of Antibiotic Assembly Lines Russ Altman and Chaitan Khosla delve into the scale of antibiotic assembly lines, using erythromycin as a prime example. They explore the multitude of enzymes involved in the assembly line process. (00:10:34) Challenges in Antibiotic Synthesis The conversation centers around the challenges faced by human chemists in synthesizing antibiotics compared to the remarkable efficiency and complexity of bacterial assembly lines. (00:12:00) Uncovering Nature's Engineering Marvels Russ Altman and Chaitan Khosla discuss the awe-inspiring engineering feats found in nature's assembly lines, exploring the intricacies of their construction and their functional significance. (00:15:15) Expanding the Search for Assembly Lines Russ Altman and Chaitan Khosla broaden the scope of assembly line research, discussing the potential for discovering novel assembly lines in previously unexplored organisms and environments. (00:19:00) The Mystery of Orphan Assembly Lines Russ Altman and Chaitan Khosla explore the enigmatic world of orphan assembly lines, discussing the fascination and curiosity surrounding these assembly lines whose functions remain unknown. (00:22:00) Decoding the Language of Genes Russ Altman and Chaitan Khosla delve into the process of deciphering the genetic code to unravel assembly line functions. They discuss the techniques and strategies employed in this intricate decoding process. (00:24:00) Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Assembly Line Analysis The hosts discuss the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in analyzing assembly line data, showcasing the potential of these technologies to accelerate the discovery of assembly line functions. (00:26:00) A Window into Nature's Medicine Cabinet Russ Altman and Chaitan Khosla explore the remarkable potential of assembly lines in antibiotic discovery, unveiling how studying these assembly lines can unlock nature's vast repertoire of medicinal compounds. (00:28:32) Novel Insights from Recent Assembly Line Discoveries Russ Altman and Chaitan Khosla highlight the groundbreaking insights gained from recent assembly line discoveries, discussing the exciting prospects and implications of these findings. (00:30:30) Conclusion and Show Wrap-up Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Explore the frontiers of 3D printing in healthcare and its potential to revolutionize personalized medicine, reshape prosthetics, and reimagine drug delivery systems. In this episode we're re-sharing a conversation Russ had in 2021 with Joseph DeSimone, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University. This one is about health, and Joe tells us how 3D printing is transforming healthcare. His group is using it to make vaccine delivery easier and more effective. They're also creating implantable chemotherapy that kills tumors, while having fewer side effects for the patients.  We hope you enjoy this glimpse of how 3D printing technologies are being used in novel and unexpected ways. Chapter show notes: (00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces the episode and welcomes Joseph DeSimone, a renowned 3D printing expert and bioengineer. (00:01:14) Exploring the Potential of 3D Printing in Healthcare Altman and DeSimone discuss the transformative possibilities of 3D printing in personalized medicine, prosthetics, and drug delivery. (00:04:25) Advancements in Personalized Prosthetics The advancements in 3D printing technology for personalized prosthetics are explored, highlighting the benefits of customized solutions for patients. (00:07:36) Innovations in Implantable Devices DeSimone discusses the groundbreaking use of 3D printing for creating implantable devices, such as bone replacements and joint implants, with improved functionality and longevity. (00:09:19) Custom Prosthetics and Implants The use of 3D printing for custom prosthetics and implants is highlighted, showcasing its potential for improving patient outcomes. (00:11:05) Enhancing Drug Delivery through 3D Printing DeSimone explains how 3D printing has revolutionized drug delivery systems, allowing for precise control and targeted release of medications to enhance therapeutic outcomes. (00:13:10) Precision Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment DeSimone discusses the implantable devices used for targeted chemotherapy delivery, including a description of their appearance and components.  (00:15:40) Applications of localized drug delivery in various cancers are explored. (00:20:10) Advanced Materials for Bioprinting The use of bioprinting and the development of advanced materials for creating functional tissues and organs are discussed, highlighting their potential impact on regenerative medicine. (00:22:15) Harnessing 3D Printing for Regenerative Medicine The potential of 3D printing in regenerative medicine, including tissue engineering and organ transplantation, is examined, highlighting its ability to create patient-specific solutions. (00:23:35) Ensuring Data Security and Patient Privacy The importance of data security and patient privacy in the context of 3D printing healthcare solutions is emphasized, exploring strategies to safeguard sensitive information. (00:25:05) Trust and Ethics in 3D Printing Healthcare The ethical considerations and challenges surrounding 3D printing in healthcare, including regulatory frameworks and patient privacy, are discussed. (00:27:14) Diversity and Trust in Bioengineering and Healthcare DeSimone discusses his involvement in issues of diversity and trust within bioengineering and healthcare. The connection between values, diversity, and fostering an innovative environment is examined. (00:28:30) The Mathematical Impact of Diversity Altman and DeSimone discuss the tangible benefits of diverse teams in driving progress and innovative solutions. The concept of combinatorial approaches and the need for diversity in disciplines and human experiences is highlighted. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Neuroscientist Kalanit Grill-Spector studies the physiology of human vision and says that the ways computers and people see are in some ways similar, but in other ways quite different. In fact, she says, rapid advances in computational modeling, such as deep neural networks, applied to brain data and new imaging technologies, like quantitative MRI and diffusion MRI, are revolutionizing our understanding of how the human brain sees. We’re unraveling how the brain “computes” visual information, as Grill-Spector tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Chapter Time Stamps: (00:01:30) Episode introduction: Exploring the fascinating field of cognitive neuroscience and brain development with Kalanit Grill-Spector. (00:02:45) Dr Grill-Spector's background and research interests: The intersection of cognitive neuroscience, psychology, and computer science. (00:04:00) The crucial role of experience in shaping brain development: Understanding how environmental factors influence neural specialization. (00:09:55) The development of word processing regions in the brain: Investigating the emergence and evolution of brain regions associated with reading and word recognition. (00:11:30) The evolution of word specialization and its implications: Exploring how the brain acquires the ability to read and process words. (00:14:20) Shift in research focus to studying brain development in infants: Exploring the critical early phases of brain development and the impact of experience on neural circuits. (00:16:40) Pokemon, Brain Representation, and Perception: The surprising findings on the continued development of word and face processing regions. Discovering the extended period of specialization and plasticity in these brain areas. (00:19:10) Unexpected decline in specialization for body parts, particularly hands: Examining the trade-off between different cognitive abilities as brain regions specialize. (00:22:00) Understanding the potential impact of experience on brain organization: Examining how environmental factors shape the neural pathways and cognitive capabilities. (00:25:00) Investigating the influence of Pokemon on brain representation and perception: Analyzing the effects of exposure to specific visual stimuli on brain organization. (00:27:15) The unique characteristics of Pokemon stimuli: Exploring how visual features, animacy, and stimulus size affect brain responses. (00:29:00) Specificity of brain representation for Pokemons: Uncovering whether the brain develops distinct neural pathways for Pokemon stimuli. (00:31:45) Comparing the effects of word learning: Understanding the potential trade-offs in brain specialization. (00:32:45) Technical challenges in studying infant's brains: Discussing the need for new tools and analysis methods to study developing brains. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Debra Kaysen is a psychologist specializing in treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who says that promising new cognitive and behavioral therapies are, quite literally, giving people “their lives back.” These therapies work without drugs to help patients manage their disease and its symptoms and, perhaps, even cure PTSD. We’re providing tools to change how they think, Kaysen tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. For interested listeners, Kaysen offers a list of PTSD resources: Resources Previous TFoE episode with Shaili Jain on treatments for PTSDhttps://istss.org/public-resources/trauma-basicshttps://istss.org/public-resources/find-a-clinicianhttps://adaa.org/learn-from-us/from-the-experts/blog-posts/consumer/what-youre-feeling-ptsd-what-do-helpFree apps from the VA for PTSD and other related concerns https://www.ptsd.va.gov/appvid/mobile/https://www.abct.org/get-help/For a Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) trained therapist https://cptforptsd.com/cpt-provider-roster/Stanford’s PTSD clinic https://med.stanford.edu/psychiatry/patient_care/ptsd.htmlInternational resource for a Prolonged Exposure (PE) trained therapist https://www.med.upenn.edu/ctsa/find_pe_therapist.htmlChapter Timestamps: (00:00:00) Introduction to Trauma Therapy and Digital Mental Health  Russ Altman introduces the topic of trauma therapy and discusses the advancements in digital mental health.  (00:01:45) Support Apps for Trauma Survivors Debra Kaysen explores the use of mobile applications as a means of support for sexual assault survivors in the immediate aftermath of trauma. (00:03:15) Overcoming Barriers Finding Therapists: Debra Kaysen highlights the challenges survivors face in finding therapists and the potential of apps to bridge that gap. (00:05:10) Bridging the Gap: Challenges in Accessing Support Debra Kaysen discusses the difficulties survivors face in accessing timely support and how apps can provide a solution. (00:08:00) The Power of Telehealth for PTSD Treatment Debra Kaysen emphasizes the effectiveness of telehealth in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its growing acceptance in the field. (00:10:15) Equivalence of Telehealth and In-Person Therapy Debra Kaysen shares her personal experience of providing therapy to her patients via telehealth and highlights its equivalence to in-person sessions. (00:12:30) Exploring Asynchronous Therapy with Text Messages Debra Kaysen delves into the use of text messages as a form of asynchronous therapy for PTSD treatment, offering flexibility and convenience. (00:14:20) Enhancing Support: Immediate Response and Accessibility   Debra Kaysen discusses the immediate response and accessibility benefits of asynchronous therapy with text messages. (00:16:00) Building Trust and Establishing Rapport   Debra Kaysen emphasizes the importance of building trust and establishing rapport in digital therapy settings. (00:18:00) Honesty and Reduced Fear of Judgment  Russ Altman discusses the potential for reduced fear of judgment in digital therapy, allowing individuals to be more open and honest in their communication.  (00:20:00) Exploring Effective Therapeutic Techniques Debra Kaysen explores various therapeutic techniques used in trauma therapy and their effectiveness in promoting healing. (00:24:15) Long-Term Outcomes and Prevention Debra Kaysen explores the long-term outcomes of trauma therapy, highlighting its potential to prevent symptom recurrence and equip individuals with lifelong resilience skills. (00:26:00) Empowering Individuals: Coping Strategies Debra Kaysen discusses empowering individuals with effective coping strategies to navigate future traumas. (00:28:00) Sustaining Progress: Follow-up and Resilience Debra Kaysen discusses the importance of follow-up care and how trauma therapy helps individuals develop resilience. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Hi everyone, Russ here, we’re running a best-of episode this week to re-share a conversation I had in 2021 with Karen Liu, an associate professor of computer science here at Stanford Engineering. The conversation is relevant today because, as we all know, AI is having a moment, and robotics is an important part of that. Karen and her lab have a goal of enabling robots to contribute in caregiving roles - think of tasks like helping medical patients get dressed each day - and they’re using physics-based simulations to do that. I hope you’ll take some time to tune into this discussion, it’s a timely and relevant one given larger societal conversations about AI. Enjoy! Chapter Time Stamps: (00:00:00) Introduction  Russ Altman interviews Karen Liu, a Stanford professor in computer science, to explore the advancements in exoskeleton technology and their impact on human augmentation. (00:01:12) Defining Exoskeletons Karen Liu provides an overview of exoskeletons as wearable devices that enhance human capabilities and become an integral part of the wearer's body. (00:02:30) Wearable Devices and Human Augmentation  The discussion delves into the concept of wearable devices augmenting human abilities, drawing parallels to popular culture references such as Iron Man. (00:05:40) Incorporating Sensors and Cameras Karen Liu explains how sensors and cameras are integrated into exoskeletons to understand the wearer's environment, enabling the exoskeleton to anticipate future actions. (00:07:55) Parallels with Self-Driving Car Technologies Exploring similarities with self-driving cars, the conversation highlights how exoskeletons can leverage environmental awareness to guide the wearer's movements. (00:09:20) Modeling Human Behavior and Intentions The discussion shifts to the modeling of human behavior and predicting user intentions to ensure exoskeleton assistance aligns with user expectations and maintains their independence. (00:11:30) Ensuring User Safety and Comfort  The focus turns to designing exoskeletons that prioritize user safety and comfort, considering factors such as ergonomics and personalized adjustments. (00:13:45) Real-Time Adaptive Assistance The conversation explores the potential for exoskeletons to dynamically adapt assistance levels in real time based on the wearer's needs and changing circumstances. (00:15:20) Balancing Assistance and User Independence The importance of finding the right balance between providing assistance and preserving user independence is discussed, ensuring that exoskeletons empower rather than hinder. (00:17:05) Ethical Considerations and Accessibility The discussion touches upon ethical considerations surrounding exoskeleton technology, including accessibility, affordability, and ensuring equal opportunities for all users. (00:18:30) Optimizing Performance and Efficiency The conversation dives into strategies for optimizing the performance and efficiency of exoskeletons, including advancements in energy management and battery technologies. (00:19:45) User Feedback and Iterative Design Karen Liu highlights the significance of user feedback and iterative design processes in refining exoskeleton technology to better meet user needs and preferences. (00:20:30) Future Possibilities and Advancements  Looking ahead, the conversation explores potential advancements in exoskeleton technology, including advancements in artificial intelligence and personalized exoskeleton designs. (00:22:00) Collaborations and Interdisciplinary Research The importance of interdisciplinary collaborations in advancing exoskeleton technology is discussed, emphasizing the need for expertise from various fields. (00:23:10) Summary and Key Takeaways Russ Altman summarizes the main points discussed throughout the episode, highlighting key takeaways for listeners to reflect upon. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Bill Mitch says it’s no secret the world is running short of fresh water. As a civil and environmental engineer, he sees wastewater as a potential solution, if only we can eliminate the impurities. Mitch designs systems to remove toxic chemicals from wastewater to enable its reuse as a drinking water supply. It’s not easy, but it costs half as much as desalinating seawater, Mitch tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Show Notes & Chapters: The future of Wastewater (00:00:05) Introduction Russ introduces the podcast and guest, William Mitch, who discusses the future of wastewater treatment. (00:00:38) Nitrogen in Wastewater Treatment Russ and William kick off the conversation with an insightful discussion on the issues surrounding the nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment. They discuss the nitrogen cycle, the role of nitrogen in wastewater treatment, and the challenges of removing it from wastewater, including the current technologies being used. (00:02:28) The Basics of Wastewater Treatment Mitch explains the fundamental process of wastewater treatment, highlighting the initial step of removing solids and the biological process of removing organic matter. (00:07:35) Understanding Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Mitch explains the concept of BOD, its importance in water treatment, and how technology has evolved to measure it. (00:10:19) The Challenge of Nitrogen Removal Discussion about the difficulties and processes involved in removing nitrogen from wastewater, focusing on the traditional and newer approaches. (00:14:02) Energy Consumption in Wastewater Treatment Mitch talks about the substantial energy demand involved in wastewater treatment, especially in the nitrogen removal process. (00:17:32) Research on Nitrogen Removal Mitch discusses his lab's research on a more energy-efficient process for nitrogen removal from wastewater, explaining the concept of anammox bacteria and their role in this process. (00:20:49)  Phosphate Removal and Regulation Mitch talks about the lack of regulatory pressure for phosphorus removal from water and its potential future implications. (00:21:30) Public Acceptance of Wastewater Treatment Technologies Russ probes into the public acceptance of wastewater technologies, specifically potable reuse of wastewater. William discusses the changes in public attitudes towards recycled water over the past decades, the importance of public relations campaigns and community education in shaping these attitudes, and the future of potable reuse facilities. (00:24:39) The Quality of Potable Reuse Waters vs. Conventional Water Supplies William discusses a recent study comparing the quality of water from potable reuse plants to conventional water supplies. He reveals that the treated waters were found to be of higher quality than surface waters and comparable in quality to groundwater supplies. (00:27:00) Chlorinated Taste in Drinking Water Russ asks William about the common chlorinated taste in drinking water. William explains the chemical reactions that lead to this taste and why it isn't necessarily a red flag for consumers. (00:28:00) Future of Separate Infrastructures for Potable and Non-Potable Water They wrap up the conversation discussing the possibility and implications of having separate infrastructures for potable water and water used for other purposes. William explains the logistical challenges and why many utilities are moving towards potable reuse. (00:29:08) Conclusion Russ concludes the episode, thanking William for his insights into the future of wastewater, and invites listeners to subscribe, rate, and review the podcast for future episodes. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Matteo Cargnello approaches the challenge of greenhouse gases from a different perspective. He doesn’t study how harmful chemicals got in the skies, or even the consequences. Instead, Cargnello is using his skills as a chemical engineer to turn them into other benign or useful chemicals. So far, he’s turned greenhouse gases into valuable industrial chemicals, polymers, renewable fuels, and even ethanol. Useful products from greenhouse gases, that's the dream, Cargnello tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’sThe Future of Everything. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This episode of The Future of Everything podcast with Srabanti Chowdhury first ran in 2022. We’re sharing it again to offer a glimpse into research being done to identify new materials for semiconductors that could lead to smaller, faster, more powerful and more energy efficient electronics. Since we recorded this episode, the CHIPS and Science Act was signed into law, creating a $280 billion dollar investment in the field over the next 10 years, and in light of the renewed commitment to this technology, we’re excited to share this conversation on the future of semiconductor materials.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Deborah Cullinan’s job is to integrate arts of every form across campus. She says art has the power to heal and may be the answer to many of our present-day societal problems, such as growing political polarization and social isolation borne by the pandemic. Art advances equity, improves health, and enhances well-being for all, she says. Everyone should see themselves as artists—engineers, physicians, political scientists alike. "We all want to have creative lives," Cullinan tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Helen Bronte-Stewart is a neurologist and an expert in movement disorders, like Parkinson’s. She says new approaches, such as closed-loop deep-brain stimulation, and new digital health technologies that chart subtle changes in movement are reshaping the field, leading to new understandings and new treatments for this once-untreatable disease. To modulate behavior, you first have to measure it, Bronte-Stewart tells host Russ Altman. It’s the future of movement disorders in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Our guest, Christopher Manning, is a computational linguist. He builds computer models that understand and generate language using math. Words are the key component of human intelligence, he says, and why generative AI, like ChatGPT, has caused such a stir. We used to hope a model might produce one coherent sentence and suddenly ChatGPT is composing five-paragraph stories and doing mathematical proofs in rhyming verse, Manning tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This episode of The Future of Everything podcast with Mehran Sahami first ran in 2019. We’re sharing it again to offer a glimpse into the ways our faculty are thinking about computer science education, an increasingly popular and impactful field of study. Earlier this week, Sahami and another of his colleagues, Chris Piech, launched the third offering of Code In Place, a free online course that offers coding education to people all over the world.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Kathleen Eisenhardt is an expert in strategy and organizational behavior. She studies corporate decision making. She says the most creative companies are like jazz bands. Bound by a few simple rules, they are able to innovate continually. Other companies are like orchestras, tied to rigid scores and complex rules; they find it hard to improvise. If innovation is your metric, Eisenhardt says, having a few simple rules is the best path to success, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

While DNA may be the blueprint of life, proteins are the workhorses, says Polly Fordyce, a bioengineer, explaining how one of her favorites, kinesin, “walks” in 8-nanometer steps transporting chemical cargo through the body. More remarkable still, Fordyce says, kinesin is just one among thousands of “incredible” proteins that make life happen, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Rising temperatures and rainfall from climate change will have a surprising effect on human health, says biologist Erin Mordecai, an expert in diseases borne by mosquitoes, ticks and other living creatures. Such conditions are perfect breeding grounds for parasites that will bring deadly diseases to the U.S. and other places once thought out of reach. Hope may rest in mathematical models to guide smarter environmental policies, as Mordecai tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When we’re sick, the time between onset and diagnosis is critical, sometimes life-saving. It turns out the human immune system is pretty good at knowing what’s making us sick. In fact, it’s telling us all the time, but only now is science tuning in to what nature has to say, explains Purvesh Khatri. The immune system is a “perfect diagnostic,” he tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When one has a medical procedure in America, it is often an algorithm that figures out how much of the cost will be reimbursed. That leads to a lot of unfairness, worse health outcomes for many and a group of insurers who learn to game the system, says guest Sherri Rose, a statistician and health policy researcher who studies the causes of such inequities. Rose is using artificial intelligence to root out these bad incentives and to bring greater equity and better care to the American health system, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

With the advent of wearable devices and omnipresent monitoring of heart, lungs, blood and more, scientists can now gather unprecedented amounts of personal medical data. Just ask guest Michael Snyder, referred to as “medicine’s most-measured man.” He is the author of Genomics and Personalized Medicine: What Everyone Needs to Know and has collected billions of bytes of his own biodata. Snyder says that all this data can lead to earlier diagnosis than ever before, often before symptoms appear, as he tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

While many users remain blissfully unaware, a battle is raging for the future of the internet. On the one hand are the large phone and cable companies who want to promote their services and to charge more for video and other data. On the other are people, like guest Barbara van Schewick, a lawyer, who champions a more democratic approach known as net neutrality. Net neutrality guarantees unfettered access for all and makes sure that we get to choose what we do online, van Schewick tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Beatriz Magaloni is a lawyer and a professor of political science who studies the challenges at the intersection of governance, poverty, and police violence in Latin America. On this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast, Magaloni tells host Russ Altman that the solution to these challenges begins with studying the root causes as explained by people living in the communities that are most impacted. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Nicholas Bloom has studied telecommuting for 20 years. Prior to the pandemic, he says, just five percent of days were “worked from home,” but the number is now closer to one in three. It looks like the hybrid workplace is here to stay. What was once thought to be a boon to employee morale has also helped companies slash real estate budgets. But, it’s not all sunshine and roses, as Bloom tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast, guest Mac Schwager talks safety in multi-robot systems, like those controlling the autonomous vehicles that will soon fill our future. Some engineers are helping robots communicate better among themselves while others are working on “emotionally aware” algorithms able to pick up on subtle cues in how others are driving to help robots make better on-the-road decisions. Never fear, Schwager says, the future is in good hands. “Autonomous cars will reach a level of safety that surpasses that of human drivers, but it may take a little while,” he tells host Russ Altman on this episode of The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Our guest on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast, Ilan Kroo, is an expert in aircraft design. But when Kroo talks of aircraft, he means a new generation of flying vehicles that could transform our very concept of transportation—like personal flying cars that take off and land vertically or commercial airliners fueled by clean-burning hydrogen. Kroo says the rapid changes he’s seeing in the industry could lead to safer, less expensive, more efficient—and quieter—air travel. Listen in as he shares more with host Russ Altman on this episode of The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Helen Blau is a stem cell biologist and expert in why, as we age, our muscles weaken, even if we get exercise and try to stay fit. In an age when humans are living longer, our muscles are critical to living life to the fullest and Blau is helping them keep pace by recruiting stem cells to regenerate youthful muscle in older people. Join us on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast as Blau and host Russ Altman discuss the science of muscle regeneration. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This episode's guest on Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast is Lawrence Wein, an expert in the science of catching criminals using DNA left behind years or even decades prior. All it takes is a snippet of the killer’s DNA and for a relative of the killer to have registered their DNA with one of the many genealogy websites in operation today. Armed with those few details, genetic detectives quickly narrow in on the suspect. They’ve used it to capture some of the most reviled, previously unidentified killers on record. Listen in as Wein joins host Russ Altman to discuss the mathematics of forensic genetic genealogy on this episode of The Future of Everything podcast. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Natural sounds in the world around us are based on the principles of physics. Today’s guest on Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast, Doug James, uses those same principles to create computer-generated sounds to match the imaginary computer-generated objects and creatures that inhabit almost every movie or game these days. His algorithms speed the animator’s work and make the final product all-the-more believable, as James tells host Russ Altman on this episode of The Future of Everything podcast Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This episode's guest on Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast, management science and engineering professor Melissa Valentine studies a workplace phenomenon known as the flash organization. These ad hoc groups of experts are assembled online and exist only long enough to solve a particular problem—perhaps a week or few months at a time. As soon as the problem is solved, the flash org dissipates, and the participants get paid for their time and expertise. It’s a whole new way to work. Join us for a look at the future of the gig economy on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. At the end of this episode, host Russ Altman, along with the entire production team of The Future of Everything, offer a tribute to our audio engineer, Ray Avila, who passed away in October of 2022. Ray's work was instrumental in making this podcast possible and his presence is sorely missed. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Our guest on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast, Elaine Treharne, is an English professor and an authority on ancient manuscripts. She's using modern tools like machine learning to unlock the secrets hidden inside these aged pages. Despite frequent predictions of the demise of physical writing, she says, books will never go away. Physical writing, she believes, is a perfectly human manifestation of our humanity—an effort by transient beings to create something eternal. All this and more as Treharne and our host Russ Altman discuss the future of books, writing and reading on this episode of The Future of Everything. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast, robotics expert Oussama Khatib takes us on a deep dive into the vagaries of creating robots that swim. His most recent project is OceanOneK, a 200-pound, humanoid robot with stereoscopic vision and opposable thumbs that can travel nearly a thousand meters below the surface. When the pressure was on, Khatib had to redesign everything he thought he knew about robots, he says, beginning with a new glass-like shell good to 6,000 PSI. Listen as Khatib and host Russ Altman plumb the depths of underwater robots on this installment of The Future of Everything. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast, Stanford infectious disease expert Desiree LaBeaud talks trash, literally. She says carelessly discarded plastics can collect water, providing a perfect nursery to mosquitoes that then spread dengue, chikungunya, Zika, yellow fever and other killer diseases worldwide. Plastic trash has become a public health nightmare as LaBeaud tells host Russ Altman and listeners of The Future of Everything. Reducing it is now a critical component of life-saving disease prevention strategies. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Civil and environmental engineer Alexandria Boehm joins Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast to discuss how a new form of epidemiology is using the tools of engineering to test wastewater to track COVID-19’s true spread. The wastewater that enters a treatment facility is really just one big biological sample, Boehm says. Testing it is far more accurate than COVID-19 case data, and it is useful for tracking other diseases in our communities, as well. Listen in to this episode of The Future of Everything, as Boehm and host Russ Altman explore the great promise of wastewater epidemiology. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast, Stanford bioengineer Jan Liphardt talks about the challenge of getting good medical recommendations and diagnoses while guaranteeing that a patient's health secrets remain private. Computing on encrypted data is the way, he says. Tune in as health data expert Liphardt and host Russ Altman discuss the future of health privacy. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Stanford pediatrics professor Anisha Patel tells us how engaging a local community about their health concerns can lead to impactful discoveries and interventions. She recounts how a visit to a middle school helped her team realize that simple access to drinking water was a problem in schools across the nation. Patel also shares how similar interactions during the COVID pandemic created a system of free lunches at public schools that helped ensure food security for children throughout the country. On this episode of The Future of Everything, Patel and host Russ Altman discuss the future of community health.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

To better understand the inner workings of glacier — which are often many kilometers in depth — researchers are using ice-penetrating radar, which sends radio waves through the ice, to create maps of what it looks like inside. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Stanford radio glaciologist Dustin (Dusty) Schroeder explains how this technique works and how the data it generates can help us understand the implications of climate change here on Earth. Together with host, bioengineer Russ Altman, Schroeder also discusses how he and his team are using this technology to investigate the habitability of moons and planets in our solar system – and whether there might be life already there. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When we think of synchrony, we often think of positive things, like ice skaters gliding in tandem. But if there’s too much synchrony in the brain – when neurons fire simultaneously – it can be a problem. In fact, abnormal neural synchrony underlies many neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and dystonia. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Stanford professor of neurosurgery Peter Tass joins host, Stanford bioengineer Russ Altman, to discuss how vibrational therapies, such as a glove that applies vibrations to an individual’s fingertips, can help patients with neurological conditions by helping the neurons break and unlearn synchronicity. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Primary care medicine represents 52% of all care delivered in the United States, but when it comes to AI innovation, it’s been largely left behind. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Stanford physician Steven Lin, explains how AI could improve healthcare logistics, optimize patient care, and significantly lower costs by reducing the clerical burdens that cost the U.S. healthcare system billions of dollars a year and keep physicians from spending more time with their patients. Learn more with Lin and host, bioengineer and fellow physician, Russ Altman. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Take a look around your neighborhood and you’ll see a few things you like -- and, most likely, a few you don’t. Maybe you need a crosswalk near the senior home. Or garbage keeps getting dumped on the sidewalk. Now imagine if you and others in your community could document what you saw, collect those data, identify and agree on issues to prioritize, and then find feasible solutions for them? In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Stanford faculty member Abby King, professor of epidemiology and population health and of medicine, explains how this scenario is possible, starting with a mobile app called the Our Voice Discovery Tool. King and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, also discuss how this by-the-people type of citizen science can help improve the well-being and health of communities in the U.S. and around the world. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Algorithms inform the news you read, the TV shows you watch, and the advertisements that appear on your internet searches – and they also have a say in who gets a bank loan, what medical procedures are covered by insurance, and who gets selected for a job interview. As algorithms are used to make these decisions, how do we make sure they’re fair? And what does fairness even mean? In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, computer science professor Omer Reingold explains how we can create definitions of fairness that can be incorporated into computer algorithms. Reingold and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, also discuss how flawed historic data may result in algorithms making unfair decisions and how a technique called multi-group fairness can improve health predictions for individuals. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Unfortunately, not every medical procedure is 100% successful. Due to the complexity of breast cancer lumpectomies, for instance, 16–25% of surgeries fail to remove the entire tumor, requiring patients to repeat the procedure. But to improve surgery success rates, and their efficiency, physicians are now looking to technologies from a surprising source: the gaming industry. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Bruce Daniel, a professor of radiology, explains how technologies developed by the gaming industry, such as virtual reality and body tracking, can be used to improve medicine. With host, bioengineer Russ Altman, Daniel also discusses how the potential of these technologies goes beyond surgeries, even helping patients manage anxiety before undergoing stressful diagnostic procedures like MRIs. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Since they were invented more than a century ago, airplanes have gone from carrying a single person to ferrying many hundreds of people and several tons of cargo. Despite the increase in size and capacity, commercial aircraft have actually become quieter over the past several decades, thanks to a few key design changes informed by fluid mechanics, a branch of physics that studies fluids in motion. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Sanjiva Lele, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics and of mechanical engineering, explains how adjustments in aircraft design, landing gear, and engines can have massive consequences for the field of aeroacoustics. Lele joins host, bioengineer Russ Altman, to also discuss how high-fidelity simulations can be used to study and improve the fluid mechanical modeling of aircraft engines, as well as wind turbines. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Data shows that greater gender diversity on company leadership groups leads to improved business outcomes, says Stanford cardiologist Hannah Valantine. Likewise, she says, in medical research, where diversity boosts the development of new technologies. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Valantine, the former inaugural chief officer for scientific workforce diversity at the National Institutes of Health, as well as a senior investigator at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, discusses why increasing the diversity of researchers and study participants is vital to medical innovation. Valantine and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, then explore the barriers that keep new medical technologies, such as a blood test to detect signs of heart transplant rejection, from being used in hospitals. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In our deeply polarized society, the prospect of holding thoughtful discussions on policy issues seems impossible. But it doesn’t have to be. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford, describes the deliberative polling model, a system of structured and moderated small group discussions that can help bring people together and bridge differences in perspective on even some of the most politically fraught issues. Together with host, bioengineer Russ Altman, Fishkin discusses how deliberative democracy has been successfully used in more than 30 countries, including Chile, Denmark, and Japan, and how it can be scaled up through technology. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Many of the lies, distortions, and pieces of disinformation online are easy to spot. But as technology advances it will become harder to tell the difference between video and images that are true and accurate and those that are manipulated or outright made up. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Jonathan Dotan, of Stanford’s Starling Lab for Data Integrity, and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, discuss what researchers are doing to keep ahead of advances in deep fakes and other forms of manipulated media. Dotan explains how the lab is using cryptography and blockchain technologies to verify the veracity of images and videos, and how these tools are already being used to document war crimes in Syria and Ukraine, and to secure the testimonies of genocide survivors. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Physicians diagnose Alzheimer’s disease with tests that measure memory loss and behavioral change. But many years before these symptoms appear, the disease is changing the brain, leading to the buildup of misfolded proteins and brain shrinkage that cause cognitive decline. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Stanford mechanical engineer Ellen Kuhl explains how she’s using databases of brain images of both Alzheimer’s patients and healthy individuals to create computational models that show how the disease spreads through distinct parts of the brain and gradually impacts different brain functions. Kuhl and host, Stanford bioengineer Russ Altman, explore how these models have generated new insights into how Alzheimer’s affects the brain, as well as its diagnosis and its potential treatment. Listen and subscribe here.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Humans have been trying to predict when earthquakes will happen for centuries, with little success, by developing earthquake detectors and by wondering if unusual animal behavior could be a sign of an incoming temblor. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Eric Dunham, a geophysicist at Stanford University, explains that while we’re still unable to predict when earthquakes will happen, advanced computers and new sensors on the seafloor are pushing the field of natural-hazard modelling forward and providing new information about the nature of earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Dunham and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, discuss how this modeling could help us understand where large earthquakes and tsunamis are likely to happen – and how it could help us prepare for these potentially devastating events. Listen and subscribe here.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Computer chips are everywhere: your cellphone, your car, even your refrigerator. And they’re essential to enabling advances in artificial intelligence, autonomous vehicles, and faster and better computers -- and to solving global challenges such as climate change. The omnipresence of this foundational technology has been growing for decades, but the pandemic accelerated the digital transformation of society, significantly increasing the demand for more and better chips. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Stanford electrical engineer Philip Wong and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, discuss why filling that need will require a greater emphasis on semiconductor research in universities, global cooperation, and increased investment in both research and development (R&D) and manufacturing. They also discuss the importance of shortening the distance between the kind of computer chip innovations happening in university labs and the fabrication of the next generation of chips, or what Wong calls “the lab-to-fab gap.” Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Search online and you’ll find lists of all the skills entrepreneurs should have - among them are imagination, creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship. But are entrepreneurs born with these relevant skills, or can they be taught? In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Tina Seelig, professor of the practice in the Department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford, explains the differences between imagination, creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship, and how all four can be taught and then applied to finding solutions to big challenges. Join Seelig and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, as they discuss how to train a generation of entrepreneurs who will make positive contributions to the world. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The consequences of climate change have already been devastating: wildfires, drought, coastal flooding, and increased temperatures, among them. And there are massive economic, societal, and geopolitical and security costs as well. It's no wonder that many people may feel the situation at this point is hopeless. But in this episode of the Future of Everything, Stanford’s Chris Field tells host and bioengineer Russ Altman that the world has made more progress than we might have expected a decade ago, and that we can still pave a way to a sustainable future, both by reducing emissions and by adapting to the impact of increasing temperatures through such things as technological innovation and improved infrastructure and land and resource management. Listen and subscribe here.  Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The vast majority of substances are neither liquid, solid, nor gas – but an alternative form that shares characteristics of liquids and gases. Among them are gels, glasses, and colloidal suspensions, and they’re an essential part of everyday products like toothpaste, paint, hair products, and even windows. Stanford chemical engineer Roseanna Zia is an expert on the gel-like substance known as colloids. In this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything, Zia joins host Russ Altman to talk about the physics of these substances, and how a greater understanding of colloids can improve our understanding of cells, biological processes, and human health and disease. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Conducting a surgery is one of the most complex tasks an individual can do — but how do you recognize the difference between the highly skilled surgeons performing at the top of their game and those still honing their techniques? With the help of wearable sensors, motion tracking and video, physicians can now watch surgeons in action, quantify their movements, and determine how highly skilled physicians accomplish the unique choreography of surgery.   In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Carla Pugh, a professor of surgery at Stanford, discusses what we learn when we measure physicians’ movements, and how studying the movements of skilled surgeons can shorten the learning curve for their less experienced colleagues. Dr. Pugh joins bioengineer and host Russ Altman to explore the future of surgery. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Are U.S. adults happy? Sad? Depressed? One can answer these questions by calling thousands of people and surveying their psychological state, a strategy that’s both costly and time-consuming. But with the help of machine learning and artificial intelligence, you can also measure a population’s well-being by turning to social media platforms and tracking what millions of people are talking about.   In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, computational social scientist Johannes Eichstaedt and host, bioengineer Russ Altman, discuss how social media can be used to gauge a population’s psychological state, including how events like COVID-19 have impacted well-being. They also discuss how social media has the potential to work as an early warning system for public health crises to help cities and counties deploy resources where they’re most needed. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Start an email with “I hope” and before you can type the next word, the program will suggest you complete it with “all is well.” You may not have realized it, but this is AI-generated text. In the past several years, this technology has advanced beyond completing sentences in emails: It can now respond to others’ emails, and write essays, hip-hop songs, public health messages, and much more. What’s more, it can sometimes be even more effective than humans at conveying certain messages. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Jeff Hancock, a professor of communication at Stanford, explores this phenomenon and its positive and negative implications for how we communicate and how we understand our interactions with one another and the world. Learn more with Hancock and host Stanford Professor Russ Altman. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The world has made remarkable gains in pediatric medicine and public health over the past several generations. The average American child of the 21st century has access to clean water and milk, fully functioning sewage systems, and antibiotics, vaccines, and other medicines. Result: Child mortality rates have declined dramatically over the past century. At the same time, a widening income gap in the United States has led to vastly different prevalence rates for health conditions between low- and high-income families, says Stanford pediatrician Lisa Chamberlain. And COVID-19, she says, has put a spotlight on many of the health challenges associated with these wealth disparities. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Chamberlain joins host Professor Russ Altman to discusses these issues, and how telehealth might help overcome some of the burgeoning challenges in pediatric health. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

It may not be immediately obvious, but there are huge financial, environmental and security costs associated with storing all the selfies, videos, documents and other digital assets the world is generating. One way to address this issue is by developing better compression algorithms that can represent the data more succinctly. Another is by creating new ways of storing the information itself, including, potentially, within biological molecules. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Stanford electrical engineer Tsachy Weissman discusses with host Professor Russ Altman the challenges associated with storing our ever-growing mountains of digital data – and how they can be addressed. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Children have an amazing capacity for healing after injury. Break a leg, the bone grows back; cut a finger, the skin heals. But as we age, most tissues no longer heal easily, and tissue loss is unavoidable due to aging, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, and cancer. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, Fan Yang and host and fellow bioengineer Russ Altman, discuss how biomaterials created in a lab can be injected into wound sites to enable tissue regeneration or rejuvenation by modulating stem cells, vasculature, or immune responses. They also discuss the potential of exploiting such biomaterials to create 3D cancer models to facilitate discovery of novel drugs with reduced time and cost. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

You might not realize it, but AI-driven systems are integrated into virtually every aspect of our lives. But how can we be certain the values AI systems are striving for reflect what we want for ourselves and for society? And how can scientists and engineers do a better job of increasing people’s trust in AI? Stanford computer scientist Carlos Guestrin is a leading voice on how to advance and implement a more trustworthy AI. Learn about his work in this area, and his particular interest in AI and healthcare, on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything, with host Professor Russ Altman. Listen and subscribe here. Connect With Us: Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything Website Connect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / Mastodon Connect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.