SpaceTime with Stuart Gary

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 46 *Discovery of over eleven thousand new asteroids Preliminary data from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory has led to the discovery of over 11,000 new asteroids. *Confirmation that the Earth was made locally A new study has shown that planet Earth was formed from materials located in the inner solar system rather than stuff from beyond Jupiter. *Virgin Galactic’s new spaceship to be flying before the end of the year Space tourism company Virgin Galactic says work on the first of its new Delta class spacecraft will be completed within a few weeks. and construction of the second of these sub orbital space planes is now underway. *The Science Report Could routine be key to successful weight loss. A new study has found that Tyrannosaurus Rex walked and ran on their tippy toes. The Australian Army’s new Huntsman Self-Propelled Howitzers now rolling off the production line. Skeptics guide to monsters in the railroad yard.   Our Guests This Week: DSN Spokesperson Rhianna Lyons from the CSIRO Sean Hodgman from the Australian National University Yogesh Sridhar from the Australian National University   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics       🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you…   For more podcasts visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 45 *The South Atlantic anomaly is growing – are the planet’s poles about to flip A new study has confirmed that a gigantic weak spot in planet Earth’s protective magnetic field known as the South Atlantic anomaly is growing ever larger. *New study narrows down the mostly likely locations for water on the Moon A new study suggests water likely accumulated on the Moon slowly over billions of years, rather than during one big event. *Pairs of atoms observed existing in two places at once for the first time Quantum physicists have observed pairs of atoms entangled in two different places at once for the first time. *The Science Report Claims King Harold's legendary 200-mile march to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 never happened. A new study has shown that the world’ earliest known octopus fossil isn’t actually an octopus. Artificial Intelligence hardware is changing how fast large language models respond. Alex on Tech: On device AI has arrived. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 44 *NASA’s Artemis II returns to Earth after its historic mission to the Moon NASA’s Artemis II mission has returned safely to Earth following its historic journey around the Moon. The four person crew splashed down in the North Pacific Ocean off the San Diego coast ending the ten day record setting flight which saw them travel further from mother Earth than humans have ever ventured before. *Astronomers have discovered the most primitive star ever seen Astronomers have identified one of the earliest stars ever seen; and the nearest candidate yet found to the first generation of stars created out the primordial material of the big bang. *Fireball spotted over Victoria, Australia Residents in Rutherglen have reported a large green-tailed fireball streaking across the Victorian skies. It’s the latest is a spate of meteor sightings over the past month or so with others reported in Germany, Ohio, Texas, and Washington State.. *The Science Report A new study has shown that summer is arriving earlier, lasting longer and packing more heat. Scientists say people with obstructive sleep apnoea have a 71% higher risk of heart issues or death. The Australian Navy getting a new fleet of 40 Bluebottle unmanned warships. Skeptics guide to the creep of creationism in schools Our Guests This Week: DSN Spokesperson Rhianna Lyons from the CSIRO Sean Hodgman from the Australian National University Yogesh Sridhar from the Australian National University   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics       🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 43 *Climate change is slowing Earth's spin at an unprecedented rate A new study has found that climate change is slowing the Earth rotation at an unprecedented rate compared to past 3.6 million years *Magnetic waves discovered deep inside the Sun Scientists have detected large scale magnetic waves moving deep inside the Sun. The discovery reported in the journal Nature Astronomy could help scientists predict solar activity. *Mystery medical evacuation from space station finally explained That mystery medical evacuation from the International Space Station earlier this year has finally been explained. *April SkyWatch The splendours of the Southern Cross and its two pointer stars Alpha and Beta Centauri, the blue Supergiant Canopus and the Lyrids meteor shower are among the highlights of the April night skies on SkyWatch.   Our Guests This Week: Artemis lunar science lead Kelsey Young from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics And Senior science writer and Sky and Telescope magazine contributor Jonathan Nally   🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 42 *NASA looking at nine possible landing sites for man’s return to the Moon NASA have narrowed down their list of possible landing sites for their return of humans to the lunar surface. The Artemis IV mission will target one of nine possible landing sites around the lunar south pole. *Saturn's weird magnetic shield A new study has found that Saturn’s magnetosphere – the magnetic bubble surrounding the ringed world – is lopsided. *Concerns grow as a Starlink satellite explodes in orbit SpaceX are still trying to determine what caused the sudden break up of a Starlink broad band communication satellite last week. *The Science Report Climate change to push more venomous snakes towards populated communities. Germany checking out Australia’s MQ-28 Ghost Bat autonomous combat aircraft. Teens turning to artificial intelligence for emotional support, validation, and companionship. Alex on Tech new Intel CPU 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you…

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 41 *Human’s finally flying back to the Moon after a break of over half a century Humans have returned to the Moon for the first time in over half a century. The historic Artemis II mission blasted off from space launch complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida carrying four crew members aboard the Orion spacecraft Integrity on a ten day mission around the Moon and back. *Could gravitational waves be the origin of dark matter A new study suggests that gravitational waves could be responsible for the production of dark matter during the early phases of the formation of the cosmos. *Yet another large meteor sighting – should we be concerned? There’s been yet another large meteor sighting – this time in the Pacific northwest of the United States. *The Science Report Growing evidence vaping causes cancer just like cigarettes and other tobacco and nicotine products. Australia and New Zealand have the highest prevalence of sexual violence against kids in the world. The first South Australian made guided missiles come off the production line in Port Wakefield. Skeptics guide to Australia’s most haunted house Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 40 *Using archaeology to study the history of galaxies like the Milky Way Astronomers have for the first time used what they’re calling galactic archaeology to trace the history of a galaxy beyond our own galaxy the Milky Way. *Europe reconnects with its lost Proba-3 spacecraft The European Space Agency has finally re-established contact with one of the spacecraft in its Proba 3 mission. *Using blue-green algae to grow food on Mars Scientists have used a cyanobacteria-based fertilizer could grow food in a simulated Mars environment. *The Science Report A new study warns that abstinence could affect sperm quality. Scientists recover ancient Pinot Noir grape pips almost 600 years old. New study shows many birds are boozing on the human equivalent of a beer every day. Skeptics guide to Age of Disclosure.     Our Guests This Week: NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman Dr. Lori Glaze acting associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate Carlos Garcia-Galan program executive in charge of NASA’s Moon Base Project. Jasmin Plattner from ZARM -- the Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity ZARM research scientist Tiago Ramalho from the University of Bremen.   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 39 *Gateway space station axed in favour of a base on the Moon – Part 2 In the second part of our special report on the pausing of construction on the Lunar Gateway space station project, we’ll detail the plans to build a permanent base at the Moon’s south pole. The seven year 20 billion dollar project will see more than thirty spacecraft sent to the Moon to deploy rovers, equipment, habitat modules and of course people. *Extending the life of the International Space Station As part of NASA’s new Ignition program the International space Station will have its life extended until at least 2032. *Nuclear powered spacecraft to fly in 2028 In December 2028 NASA will launch the Space Reactor‑1 Freedom, the first nuclear powered interplanetary spacecraft which will journey to Mars demonstrating advanced nuclear electric propulsion in deep space. *Yet another meteor sighting – this time in Texas There’s been yet another large meteor sighting this time in Texas. It’s the third major meteor event in the past month. Last week, a large meteor air burst above Ohio, and the week before another exploded in the skies above northern Europe with fragments raining down across northern Germany. *The Science Report Australia's environment experienced above average conditions for the fifth year in a row. The world’s most detailed cellular atlas of early-stage prostate cancer. New study shows Tik Tok users have difficulty with their concentration and emotions. Alex on Tech Sora killed off. 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you…  

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 38 *Gateway space station axed in favour of a base on the Moon – Part 1 In this special report, we’ll look at NASA’s decision to pause construction of the Lunar Gateway space station project in favour of accelerating plans to build a permanent base at the Moon’s south pole. Forget everything you’ve heard until now! NASA is shifting focus totally on a new endeavour named Ignition which is designed to achieve US President Donald Trump’s National Space Policy with the aim of establishing a permanent human presence on the Moon. The seven year 20 billion dollar project will see more than thirty spacecraft sent to the Moon to deploy rovers, equipment, habitat modules and of course people. *A New Artemis Mission As part of these changes the cadence of Artemis flights to the Moon will increase to at least one surface landing every year. And the configuration of the 98 metre tall SLS Space Launch System moon rocket will be standardised with the use of a Centaur V upper stage replacing both the current Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage and the planned Exploration Upper Stage. *Cosmonauts forced take control of a Russian Progress cargo ship Cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station were forced to take control of a Russian Progress cargo ship and dock the spacecraft manually after two of its KURS automated rendezvous antennas failed to deploy. *The Science Report Planet Earth has just experienced its 11 hottest years on record. Scientist have created a novel organism which has developed a primitive nervous system. Study shows people have been living with dogs as companions for over 14 thousand years. Skeptics guide to the ghost face in the northern lights Our Guests This Week: NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman Dr. Lori Glaze acting associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate Carlos Garcia-Galan program executive in charge of NASA’s Moon Base Project. Jasmin Plattner from ZARM -- the Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity ZARM research scientist Tiago Ramalho from the University of Bremen.   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...your one-stop solution for building a professional online presence with ease. To explore our special offers, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 37 *Solving one of the mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud Astronomers may have finally solved one of the many mysteries of the Small Magellanic Cloud – a satellite dwarf galaxy the orbits the Milky Way. *Protecting astronauts from radiation in deep space NASA’s first manned mission to the moon in over half a century has been rolled out back to the launch pad and is now slated for launch on April first. *Another step forward in growing food in space Scientists have been putting their astronomical green thumbs to the test by trying to grow plants in simulated lunar and Martian soils. *The Science Report Study shows teen bullies are more likely to suffer faster biological ageing and obesity. Three new species of Australian rock-dwelling monitor lizards have been formally described. The spray-on fabric coating that can clean clothing without detergent. Skeptics guide to Florida’s skunk ape.   https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/   This week’s guests include: Dr Trevor Lafleur from the University of New South Wales NASA Meteoroid Environment Office Lead Dr Bill Cooke from the Marshall Space Flight Centre Cryosat Principal Investigator Duncan Wingham University College London Ralph Cordey from EADS Astrium Research fellow Katharine Giles University College London   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you…   For more podcasts visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to with the support of Squarespace. Take your ideas online the easy way. Build a professioanl website...anyone can do it! Give it a try for free by visiting www.squarespace.com/spacetime SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 36 *How to tell gas giants from brown dwarfs A new study has found that giant planets spin faster than their cosmic brown dwarfs lookalikes. *A nuclear power station on the Moon gets the green light NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy have renewed their partnership to develop a nuclear fission reactor to power a permanent base on the lunar surface by 2030. *Using an ice satellite to detect powerful geomagnetic storms The European Space Agency’s Cryosat spacecraft has accurately measured the impact of resent geomagnetic storm activity from the Sun as it slammed into Earth’s magnetic field.. *The Science Report New study shows that higher air pollution levels increase the risk of physical disabilities. Working out someone’s mood by the way they walk. Over half of teens admit that they’ve created at least one image using AI nudification tools. Alex on Tech: Portable data centres on their way down under. For more SpaceTime visit www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...your one stop for building a professional online presence the easy way. To check out our special offers, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 35 *The black hole merger that sent ripples through spacetime Scientists have detected the merger of a pair of stellar mass black holes which was quickly followed seconds later by a powerful gamma ray burst.. *A new type of ion propulsion system for spacecraft Scientists are developing a new type of ion propulsion system for spacecraft which would be easier to produce and provide better performance than current xenon based plasma systems. *Thousands watch a fireball streak across the Ohio skies Residents across North Eastern Ohio have seen a spectacular day time meteor streak across the skies. *The Science Report Study shows Greenland’s Ice dome melted over 7,000 years ago.. Warnings of worsening human health impacts from the production of plastics. Scientists discover the region of the brain responsible for controlling hypocrisy. Skeptics guide to America’s growing belief in flying saucers. For more SpaceTime visit www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 34 *NASA's Van Allen Probe A comes to a fiery end After a mission lasting some 14 years, NASA's Van Allen Probe A spacecraft has re-entered Earth’s atmosphere in a fiery death plunge burning up over the Pacific Ocean. *NASA Mobile Launcher 2 on hold Last week’s announcement of changes to the Artemis Moon launch schedule has now resulted in NASA pulling the plug on further work on its Mobile Launcher two project which has been under construction at the Kennedy Space Centre in Florida for two years. *Spectacular failure for Japanese rocket . SpaceOne have failed in their third attempt to become the first private Japanese company to put a satellite in orbit. *The Science Report New warnings that the rate of climate change has surged since 2015. The first patient to be surgically connected to a genetically modified pig liver. Why some domestic cats are prone to chronic kidney disease. Skeptics guide to the FBI investigating Big Foot.   https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/   This week’s guests include: Linda Losurdo from the University of Sydney Van Allan probes Deputy Project Scientist Nicky Fox from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory   And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics   🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 33 *What the birth of our Sun tells us about the evolution of our galaxy Astronomers studying the birth and early evolution of the Sun have uncovered how the shape of our galaxy has changed dramatically over the past few billion years.. *Making cosmic dust in the lab. A new study examining how the building blocks of life are formed in extreme deep space environments has created cosmic dust in a laboratory. *China selects a landing site for its first manned mission to the Moon Beijing has identified four possible landing sites for China's first manned mission to the lunar surface. *The Science Report The new Super K flu strain that’s beating vaccinations. A new study has shown that taking a daily multivitamin could help slow biological ageing. Social media and video games linked to poorer developmental outcomes in kids and teens. Alex on Tech: Norton scam genie 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/   For more SpaceTime and show links: https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ If you love this podcast, please get someone else to listen to. Thank you…

SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 32 *The birth of a magnetar seen for the first time Astronomers have for the first time seen the birth of a magnetar — a highly magnetized, spinning neutron star. *Rewriting the textbooks on the history of the Moon A new study claims the lunar near and far sides experienced similar levels of asteroid and meteor bombardment, despite the very different appearances of the two. *Spectacular fireball light up the skies of Europe The European Space Agency is analysing a spectacular fireball which lit up the skies over Europe last week dropping debris all along its trajectory. *The Science Report Study shows little science showing cannabis can help people with mental health conditions. Australia’s digital ID scheme moves to phase II forcing some adults to adopt it. The weird ancient crocodile that walked on two legs. Skeptics guide to predicting the end of the world. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Links This episode is brought to you by Squarespace. When it's time to get online you need Squarespace to make the process straightforward and easy. To check out how they can help you and our special offer to get started, visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 31   *Planet Earth’s balance is shifting A new study claims planet Earth’s balance is shifting with the Northern Hemisphere absorbing significantly more solar energy than the Southern Hemisphere -- a shift that could reshape global weather patterns. *A unique insight into the Sun’s inner life Astronomers discover that the Sun’s internal structure changes from one solar cycle minimum to the next. *Landsat 9: More than just a picture For over 50 years, the Landsat program has provided the longest continuous satellite record of Earth's land surface from space. *The Science Report New warnings about the bleak future for Victoria’s critically endangered Brush-tailed rock-wallabies. Study shows teens who use cannabis are more likely to develop psychiatric disorders. Research shows bird watchers develop denser attention and perception-related areas in their brains. Skeptics guide to Elon Musk’s opinion on UFOs   https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/   This week’s guests include: Professor Michele Trenti from the University of Melbourne Artemis II astronaut Christina Cook Artemis II astronaut Jeremy Hanson Orion and Artemis systems food lab manager Ashua Ook NASA Artemis flight controller Wyatt Mckinley    And our regular guests: Alex Zaharov-Reutt from techadvice.life Tim Mendham from Australian Skeptics And senior science writer and Sky and Telescope magazine contributor Jonathan Nally   🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace - your one stop when you're ready to build an online presence with ease. To take up our special offer and help support the show, visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 30 *Solar superstorm hits the red planet Over the past few years planet Earth has been slammed by a series of violent solar storms erupting from the Sun as it transitioned through solar max the climax of its eleven year solar cycle. But what happens when these same storms hit Mars? *Recent tectonic activity discovered on the Moon Scientists have produced the first global map and analysis of small mare ridges seen on the surface of the Moon. *Repair work underway on NASA’s Artemis II manned Moon rocket Work is continuing to repair NASA’s Artemis II rocket as mission managers prepare to return humans to lunar orbit for the first time in over 50 years. *The Science Report Kids who consume more ultra-processed foods more likely to have issues with behaviour and emotions. New clues about how primates – including humans – evolved. New hope for banana lovers as the threat of Panama disease continues to challenge the Cavendish variety. Alex on Tech new MacBook Neo. 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn . The discounts and bonuses are incredible! And it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌   If you’d like to support the podcast and gain access to bonus content by becoming a SpaceTime crew member, you can do just that through premium versions on Patreon, Spotify and Apple Podcasts. Details on the Support page on our website  https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/

Sponsor Links: This episode of SpaceTime is presented with the support of Squarespace....your one stop for when you're ready to get online. To chek our special discount offers, simply voisit www.squarespace.com/spactime and use the cou[on code SPACETIME at checkout. SpaceTime Series 29 Episode 29 *Earliest known barred spiral galaxy Our Milky Way galaxy is known as a barred spiral, and debate continues on exactly how the bar section at the heart of these types of galaxies form and evolve. Now astronomers have discovered one of the earliest barred spiral galaxies ever seen. *Australia's SpIRIT satellite mission comes to an end After more than 25 months of successful operations in space, the University of Melbourne’s SpIRIT satellite mission has come to an end. *International Space Station to remain in orbit an additional two years International Space Station is now expected to remain in orbit for an additional two years extending its operational life to 2032. *The Science Report Climate is likely to see neutral El Ni?o/La Ni?a conditions until at least the middle of the year. New research into the mating habits between Neanderthals and modern human. The diverse range of foods eaten across Europe thousands of years ago. Skeptics guide to claims smoking cures cancer. For more SpaceTime visit www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary - Series 29 Episode 28 In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the groundbreaking mapping of Uranus's upper atmosphere, the European Space Agency's innovative Planetary Defense Fly Eye Telescope, and NASA's critical findings on Boeing's Starliner spacecraft. Mapping Uranus's Upper Atmosphere A new study has successfully created a three-dimensional map of Uranus's upper atmosphere, revealing how the ice giant's unusual magnetic field influences its auroral activity. This detailed mapping, reported in Geophysical Research Letters, shows emissions from molecules located up to 5,000 kilometers above the cloud tops, confirming a cooling trend over the past 30 years. The research highlights the complex dynamics of Uranus's magnetosphere, which is tilted and offset, leading to unique auroral patterns unlike any other planet in our solar system. ESA's Fly Eye Telescope for Planetary Defense The European Space Agency is developing the Fly Eye Telescope, designed to detect Near Earth Objects (NEOs) that could pose a threat to Earth. Inspired by the compound eye of insects, this innovative telescope uses a unique design to scan vast areas of the sky efficiently, identifying potential impact risks. With plans for a network of these telescopes, ESA aims to enhance our capability to monitor and mitigate the dangers posed by asteroids and comets. Nasa's Scathing Robert on Boeing's Starliner NASA has released a critical report detailing the failures of Boeing's CST-100 Starliner spacecraft, highlighting engineering vulnerabilities and internal mistakes that jeopardized crew safety. The investigation found Starliner less reliable for crew survival compared to other manned spacecraft, leading to a recommendation that no further crewed flights occur until all technical issues are resolved. The report underscores the need for stringent oversight in space missions to ensure astronaut safety. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Geophysical Research Letters Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 27 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the potential explosion of a massive star, NASA's innovative mission to study Earth's auroras, and the latest setbacks for the Artemis 2 lunar mission. Supernova on the Horizon Astronomers are buzzing with excitement as WOHG 64, one of the largest stars known, shows signs of impending supernova activity. Located 163,000 light years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud, this red supergiant is shedding its outer layers and transitioning toward its explosive end. With a luminosity 282,000 times that of the sun and an estimated size 1,500 times greater, WOHG 64's dramatic evolution raises questions about the lifecycle of massive stars and the nature of supernovae. Nasa's CINEMA Mission to Study Auroras NASA is set to launch the CINEMA mission in 2030, aiming to unravel the mysteries of Earth's auroras and the role of the magnetotail in their formation. This innovative mission will consist of nine small satellites designed to gather data on the dynamics of auroral activity and the magnetosphere. By combining particle measurements and imaging, CINEMA will provide insights into auroral substorms and their connection to explosive magnetic events, enhancing our understanding of space weather and its impact on technology. Artemis 2 Mission Delayed NASA has rolled back the Artemis 2 moon rocket into the vehicle assembly building due to issues with the helium system, further delaying the mission aimed at returning humans to lunar orbit for the first time in over 50 years. This rollback follows earlier delays related to the liquid hydrogen fuel system and other minor technical issues. With the crewed mission now facing additional setbacks, NASA continues to work diligently to ensure a successful launch. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy, PLOS ONE Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 26 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into NASA's postponed return to the lunar surface, a remarkable hypersonic test flight by an Australian company, and the fascinating hidden chemistry at the heart of the Milky Way galaxy. Nasa's Lunar Return Delayed NASA has announced a significant delay in its plans to return humans to the lunar surface, pushing the Artemis 4 mission to 2028. The upcoming Artemis 3 mission will focus on testing systems in low Earth orbit instead of conducting a lunar landing. NASA officials emphasize the need for a methodical approach to ensure the safety and success of future missions, including critical tests of lunar landers from SpaceX and Blue Origin. This strategic shift aims to facilitate at least one major lunar landing annually starting in 2028. Successful Hypersonic Test Flight An Australian scramjet has achieved a successful test flight, propelling the Dart hypersonic aircraft to speeds exceeding five times the speed of sound. This milestone underscores the potential of scramjet technology, which utilizes a unique engine design without moving parts to achieve hypersonic speeds. The successful mission, launched from Rocket Lab’s Wallops Island facility, marks a significant step toward developing autonomous hypersonic vehicles capable of sustained flight and could pave the way for future space travel advancements. Revealing the Milky Justin's Chemistry Astronomers have captured the largest and most detailed image of the central region of the Milky Way galaxy, unveiling a complex network of filaments and cosmic gas. This groundbreaking observation, made possible by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), provides unprecedented insights into the processes of star formation in the galactic center. The study reveals the intricate chemistry of the central molecular zone, detecting various molecules and enhancing our understanding of star formation in extreme environments. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Scientific Reports, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you by Squarespace. Create your own exceptional website with ease at squarespace.com/spacetime. SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 25 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing mysteries of Mars' gullies, uncover a unique inside-out planetary system, and witness the inaugural launch of Europe's most powerful rocket. Mysterious Martian Gullies Explained Scientists have made significant strides in understanding the enigmatic gullies on Mars, previously thought to be shaped by unknown forces. A new study published in Geophysical Research Letters reveals that blocks of frozen carbon dioxide are the culprits behind these formations. When the Martian winter sets in, CO2 ice accumulates and, upon warming, sublimates, creating gas pressure that carves deep gullies in the Martian surface. This groundbreaking phenomenon, likened to the sandworms of Dune, showcases a unique geological process not observed on Earth. Inside-Out Planetary System Discovery Astronomers have identified a remarkable new planetary system, catalogued as LHS 1903, that defies conventional models of planetary formation. Unlike our solar system, which features rocky planets close to the star and gas giants further out, LHS 1903 has a small rocky planet orbiting outside of two gas giants. This discovery, detailed in Science, suggests that this rocky world may have formed in a gas-depleted environment, challenging existing theories about how planets evolve and raising questions about the nature of planetary systems. Europe's Powerful Rocket Launch The European Space Agency has successfully launched the Ariane 64, its most powerful rocket to date, from the Kourou Spaceport in French Guiana. This inaugural mission, VA267, carried 32 satellites into orbit for Amazon's LEO network, marking a significant milestone as the largest number of satellites ever launched by an Ariane rocket. With plans for an average of 10 launches per year, the Ariane 64 is set to play a crucial role in the future of satellite deployment. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Geophysical Research Letters, Science Support our podcast: Become a supporter.

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to with the kind support of Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To check out our special offers, vist squarespace.com/spacetime and us the promo code SPACETIME. SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 24 In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover astonishing discoveries about the birth of black holes, a revolutionary Martian navigation system, and the arrival of NASA's SpaceX Crew 12 at the International Space Station. The Birth of a Black Hole: A New Perspective Astronomers have made a groundbreaking discovery by observing a star in the Andromeda Galaxy collapsing into a black hole without the expected supernova explosion. The star, catalogued as M31 2014 DS1, was seen glowing brightly in infrared light before fading away, leaving behind a dust shell. This event, which had been anticipated for decades, suggests that massive stars may collapse directly into black holes, challenging long-held assumptions about stellar deaths. The findings, published in the journal Science, provide new insights into the processes that govern black hole formation and indicate that such direct collapses may be more common than previously thought. NASA's New Martian Navigation System NASA has introduced an innovative navigation system for its Perseverance rover, allowing it to determine its location on Mars with remarkable precision—within 25 centimeters. The new technology, called Mars Global Localization, enables the rover to autonomously compare panoramic images with orbital terrain maps, eliminating the need for Earth-based assistance. This advancement significantly enhances the rover's ability to explore the Martian surface independently, paving the way for more extensive scientific investigations. SpaceX Crew 12 Arrives at the ISS NASA's SpaceX Crew 12 has successfully docked with the International Space Station, restoring the crew complement to seven members. The mission includes a diverse crew of two Americans, a Russian, and a French astronaut, who will conduct approximately 250 scientific experiments in orbit. Additionally, NASA has approved a sixth private mission to the ISS, slated for next year, which aims to support new research initiatives and infrastructure development for future human spaceflight missions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal Science, NASA Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link: This episode of Spacetime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace...when it's time to get online, it's time to visit Squarespace. Free trial. To find out more visit squarespace.com/spacetime  SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 23 In this episode of SpaceTime, we investigate the discovery of a nearly invisible galaxy dominated by dark matter, the latest delays in the Artemis 2 mission to the Moon, and the anticipated launch of Australia's new hypersonic scramjet. A Dark Matter Galaxy Unveiled Astronomers have identified an almost invisible galaxy, catalogued as CDG2, located in the Perseus galaxy cluster approximately 300 million light years away. This galaxy is believed to be composed of about 99% dark matter, making it one of the most dark matter-dominated galaxies ever detected. The findings, published in Astrophysical Research Letters, reveal that dark matter constitutes roughly 80% of the universe's total matter, and CDG2's faint presence was confirmed through observations of its globular clusters using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the European Space Agency's Euclid Space Observatory. Artemis 2 Mission Delayed Again NASA has announced another delay for the Artemis 2 mission, which aims to return humans to lunar orbit for the first time in over 50 years. A helium leak discovered in the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket's upper stage has prompted the agency to roll back the launch vehicle to the vehicle assembly building for repairs. This setback eliminates the potential for a March launch, with the next available windows opening in early April. The Artemis 2 mission will carry a crew of four on a 10-day journey to the Moon, including critical system tests and satellite deployments. Australia's Hypersonic Scramjet Launch Imminent An Australian company is set to test its new hypersonic scramjet-powered aircraft, the Dart AE, before the end of the month. This innovative vehicle will utilize a 3D printed Spartan Scramjet engine, designed to operate at speeds exceeding Mach 5 with liquid hydrogen fuel. The mission, codenamed Cassowary Vex, will launch aboard a Rocket Lab electron rocket and aims to validate the scramjet propulsion system under real hypersonic flight conditions while producing zero carbon emissions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Research Letters Become a supporter of this podcast:  https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 22 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the formation of the universe's most enigmatic objects, explore the origins of Saturn's iconic rings, and get updates on NASA's Artemis 2 mission. Black Holes and Exotic Cosmic Structures A groundbreaking study suggests that some of the universe's most exotic entities, including black holes and cannibal stars, may have formed just seconds after the Big Bang. Researchers from the International School of Advanced Studies propose that subatomic particles condensed into halos of matter, which then collapsed to create these fascinating cosmic structures. Their findings, published in Physical Review D, indicate that even in the earliest moments of the universe, complex physical phenomena were already taking shape, paving the way for our understanding of cosmic evolution. The Formation of Saturn's Rings New research proposes that Saturn's largest moon, Titan, may have formed from the collision of two older moons, potentially linking this event to the creation of Saturn's spectacular ring system. The study, reported in the Planetary Science Journal, utilizes computer simulations to explore the dynamics of Saturn's moons and their interactions, suggesting that Titan's merger could explain its unique orbit and the age of the rings, estimated to be around 100 million years. NASA's Artemis 2 Mission Update Following the recent scrubbing of the Artemis 2 launch due to hydrogen leaks, NASA has made significant repairs and is preparing for another attempt. Engineers have replaced seals in the mobile launcher's umbilical area and are conducting further testing to ensure the rocket's readiness. With multiple launch windows available in March, the Artemis 2 mission aims to test key systems aboard the Orion spacecraft, setting the stage for future lunar exploration and the eventual return of humans to the Moon. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review D, Planetary Science Journal Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 21 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore intriguing revelations about the search for life on Mars, the surprising effects of Saturn's moon Enceladus on its planet, and the monumental volcanic events that reshaped Earth's tectonic landscape. Life on Mars: A New Perspective Recent findings suggest that non-biological processes cannot fully explain the organic compounds found in Martian regolith samples collected by NASA's Curiosity rover. Published in the journal Astrobiology, the study indicates that life may have contributed to some of these compounds, challenging previous assumptions. The research involved evaluating potential non-biological sources and concluded that the abundance of organics on Mars could hint at past life, sparking renewed interest in the Red Planet's potential habitability. Enceladus' Electromagnetic Influence A fascinating study reveals that Saturn's icy moon Enceladus trails a wake of electromagnetic ripples extending over half a million kilometers, significantly influencing its giant host planet. Data from NASA's Cassini mission demonstrated how Enceladus' geysers contribute to energy and momentum circulation within Saturn's magnetic environment, marking a crucial discovery about the moon's role in the Saturnian system. Earth's Volcanic History New research highlights how Earth's largest volcanic event, associated with the Ontong Java Plateau, dramatically altered a major tectonic plate. The findings suggest that extensive volcanic activity led to significant physiochemical modifications within the oceanic plate, enhancing our understanding of plate formation processes and the environmental impacts of such massive eruptions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrobiology, Geophysical Research Space Physics, Geophysical Research Letters Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking research revealing the true composition of the Earth's core, explore new insights into solar neutrinos, and uncover the complexities of Martian volcanoes. Earth's Core Contains Vast Hydrogen Reservoir A recent study published in Nature Communications indicates that Earth's core may hold up to 45 oceans' worth of hydrogen, challenging the long-held belief that water on our planet primarily came from asteroids and comets. Utilizing advanced laboratory techniques, researchers simulated the extreme conditions of the core to uncover its surprising hydrogen content, suggesting a significant internal source of water far beyond previous estimates. Neutrinos from the Sun's Core A new dark matter experiment has successfully detected neutrinos originating from the Sun's core, marking a significant milestone in our understanding of these elusive particles. The LZ experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility captured signals from Brian 8 solar neutrinos, providing valuable data on solar processes and setting new limits for dark matter research. This breakthrough highlights the potential of neutrino studies in unraveling the mysteries of both dark matter and stellar dynamics. Complexity of Martian Volcanoes New findings published in Geology reveal that young Martian volcanoes are far more complex than previously thought. Researchers have discovered that these volcanoes were shaped by long-lasting and evolving magma systems rather than single eruptions. By analyzing surface features and mineral compositions from orbit, scientists have reconstructed the intricate eruptive history of these volcanic systems, shedding light on the Red Planet's geological past. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Communications, Geology Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support. (00:00:00) New study reveals Earth's core may contain vast amounts of hydrogen (00:08:30) Breakthrough in solar neutrino detection from the Sun's core (00:16:45) Insights into the complex eruptive history of Martian volcanoes (00:25:00) Science report: The link between caffeine consumption and reduced dementia risk (00:32:15) Study on the frequency of passionate love experiences in humans

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to with the help of Squarespace. When it's time to get online, you need Suarespace to make you look professional. To get the Spacetime special offer simply visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the code SPACETIME at checkout. SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 19 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore astonishing discoveries in astrophysics, planetary science, and aerospace engineering. Astronomers Observe Possible Black Hole Explosion Astronomers are investigating what could be the first ever observation of a black hole explosion. A recent study published in Physical Review Letters suggests that the mysterious high-energy neutrino detected in 2023 may have originated from a quasi-extremal primordial black hole. This type of black hole, theorized to exist since the Big Bang, could explain the otherwise unexplainable energy levels of the neutrino and potentially unlock the secrets of dark matter and the fundamental nature of the universe. Mars' Dust Storms and Water Loss New research published in Communications Earth and Environment reveals that localized dust storms on Mars may play a significant role in the planet's water loss. While Mars is currently a dry desert, evidence from its surface indicates a wetter past. The study shows that intense dust storms can transport water vapor to higher altitudes, facilitating its escape into space, thus contributing to the long-standing mystery of Martian water depletion. Plasma Daniel for Hypersonic Testing A groundbreaking facility known as the plasma tunnel is now being used by scientists and engineers to simulate the extreme conditions spacecraft face during atmospheric reentry. The plasma tunnel generates high-speed plasma flows that mimic the intense heat and pressure experienced during reentry, providing critical data for developing safer and more efficient spacecraft. This innovative technology could revolutionize our understanding of hypersonic flight and enhance mission safety for future space exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review Letters, Communications Earth and Environment Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support. (00:00:00) Astronomers investigate a potential black hole explosion (00:07:15) New study reveals how dust storms on Mars contribute to water loss (00:15:30) The plasma tunnel: recreating atmospheric reentry conditions (00:22:45) Science report: Genetic factors influencing life expectancy (00:30:00) Bigfoot sightings and cultural phenomena in America

Sponsor Links: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace....your first stop when you want to build a presence online. To check out our special offers, simply visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime for details SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 18 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking theories about the nature of dark matter, the thermal differences between the lunar far and near sides, and new revelations regarding Jupiter's dimensions. Dark Matter's Role in the Milky Way A new study suggests that dark matter could be the driving force behind the gravitational dynamics of our Milky Way galaxy. Researchers propose that a clump of fermionic dark matter might exert similar gravitational influence as the supermassive black hole at the galaxy's center, Sagittarius A. This theory challenges conventional understanding and is supported by data from the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, which mapped the galaxy's outer halo and rotational curve, indicating a potential new model for understanding galactic structures. Lunar Far Side's Cooler Interior Recent findings published in Nature Geoscience indicate that the lunar far side may be significantly cooler than the near side. Analyzing samples collected by China's Chang'e 6 mission, scientists discovered that the far side's regolith formed from lava at temperatures approximately 100 degrees Celsius lower than those from the near side. This study provides insight into the Moon's geological history and the uneven distribution of heat-producing elements, which may have resulted from ancient impacts or tidal forces from Earth. Jupiter's Slimmer Profile New measurements from NASA's Juno mission reveal that Jupiter is actually slimmer than previously thought, being about 8 kilometers narrower at the equator and 24 kilometers flatter at the poles. These findings refine our understanding of the gas giant's shape and have implications for models of planetary formation and evolution. The data also sheds light on Jupiter's atmospheric dynamics, including its powerful winds and cyclones, enhancing our knowledge of gas giants both within our solar system and beyond. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Nature Geoscience, Nature Astronomy Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support. (00:00:00) New study claims that mysterious substance called dark matter could be powering our Milky Way (00:08:01) New study suggests lunar far side may be a little bit colder than near side (00:12:52) Space Time is brought to you by Squarespace. com spacetime (00:14:23) New measurements based on NASA's Juno mission reveal Jupiter is much smaller than previously thought (00:18:16) People with depressive personalities far more likely to have sexual fantasies, study finds (00:20:34) New test shows artificial intelligence chatbot admitting it would kill to save itself (00:27:09) Already we have security companies treating AI chatbots like humans

Sponsor Links: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace....your first stop when you want to build a presence online. To check out our special offers, simply visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime for all the details SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 17 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the recent powerful solar storm that has impacted Earth, the delay of NASA's Artemis 2 manned moon mission, and China's ambitious plans for a futuristic orbital space carrier. Massive Solar Storm Hits Earth The sun has unleashed a barrage of solar eruptions, including 41 N-class flares and six X-class flares, with an X8.1 class flare setting a new record for 2026. This storm is described as the strongest radiation event in 20 years, with scientists noting its potential similarity to the historic 1859 Carrington event. The solar activity has disrupted radio communications and produced stunning auroras, while the sun continues its 11-year solar cycle. Nasa's Artemis 2 Mission Delayed NASA has postponed the launch of its Artemis 2 manned moon mission due to fuel leaks during a critical launch rehearsal. The mission aims to send a crew of four aboard an Orion spacecraft on a 10-day journey around the moon. The delays stem from issues with the SLS rocket's hydrogen tanks and other technical challenges, with new launch windows opening in March. China's Orbital Space Carrier Plans China has announced plans for a Star Wars-style orbital space carrier named Luanio, designed to deploy hypersonic missiles and unmanned stealth drones. This massive spacecraft would be part of an ambitious defense system, although the technology to build such a vehicle is still in the realm of science fiction. The announcement comes amid tensions between the U.S. and China regarding military advancements. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 16 In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking revelations about Europa's ice shell, explore new evidence for the existence of a potential Planet Nine, and discuss a significant advancement in quantum physics that challenges the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Europa's Ice Shell Thickness Revealed Data from NASA's Juno mission has provided the first insights into the thickness of Europa's icy crust, estimating it to be around 29 kilometers. This measurement comes from Juno's 2022 flyby, where the spacecraft utilized its microwave radiometer to analyze the moon's surface temperature and characteristics. The findings suggest that beneath this thick ice lies a global ocean of liquid water, potentially harboring the ingredients necessary for life. Understanding the ice shell's structure is crucial for future missions, including NASA's Europa Clipper, set to arrive in 2030. The Case for Planet Nine A new study published in Nature Astronomy presents fresh simulations suggesting that wide-orbit planets, like the hypothesized Planet Nine, could be a natural outcome of chaotic early planetary systems. Researchers found that during turbulent phases of stellar formation, planets can be flung into distant orbits rather than being ejected entirely. This work offers a 40% chance that a Planet Nine-like object exists, providing a promising avenue for future exploration as telescopes become more capable of surveying the distant solar system. Advancements in Quantum Physics In a remarkable breakthrough, physicists have demonstrated a method to sidestep the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, allowing for simultaneous precise measurements of a particle's position and momentum. This innovative approach, detailed in Science Advances, could pave the way for ultra-precise sensor technologies across various fields, including navigation and astronomy. The study redefines the boundaries of quantum measurement, offering new possibilities for scientific exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy Science Advances Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 15 In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover intriguing discoveries about Mercury's geological activity, NASA's innovative Dragonfly mission to Titan, and the environmental impacts of rocket fuel pollution. Mercury's Surprising Streaks A new study reveals bright streaks, or lineae, on Mercury's surface, suggesting the planet is not as geologically inactive as previously thought. Researchers from the University of Bern utilized machine learning to analyze over 100,000 images from NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft, discovering that these streaks are likely caused by the outgassing of volatile materials from beneath Mercury's crust. This finding indicates ongoing geological processes and will be further explored by the BepiColombo mission, set to reach Mercury later this year. NASA's Dragonfly Mission to Titan NASA is developing the Dragonfly, a car-sized rotocopter designed to explore Saturn's moon Titan, which features methane and ethane lakes. Scheduled for launch in 2028, Dragonfly will utilize Titan's dense atmosphere to fly to various locations, examining environments that may harbor organic materials essential for life. The mission builds on the success of the Ingenuity rotocopter on Mars, with extensive testing underway to ensure optimal performance in Titan's unique conditions. Rocket Fuel Pollution and the Ozone Layer A recent study highlights the damaging effects of burning rocket fuels, such as kerosene, on Earth's ozone layer. The report indicates that the rapid growth of the rocket launch industry is exacerbating this issue, particularly affecting regions like Antarctica and parts of Australia. Researchers are calling for restrictions on the use of these fuels to mitigate environmental harm. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Communications, Earth and Environment Climate and Atmospheric Science Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) Streaks on the surface of Mercury suggesting it's not quite dead yet (00:11:13) Burning rocket fuel damages Earth's ozone layer, study finds (00:12:28) A new study claims cyber attacks can spark intense social media discussions (00:14:53) Apple bans anti woke Holly Valent song from iTunes in Australia (00:16:39) Apple has now had hypertension notifications authorized by the TGN (00:18:04) Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through bitesz. com

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore new insights into the origins of Earth's water, groundbreaking discoveries beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io, and how tectonic plate movements may have influenced Earth's climate throughout history. New Clues on Earth's Water Origins A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals that asteroid and comet impacts could only account for a small fraction of Earth's water supply. By analyzing oxygen isotopes in lunar regolith collected during the Apollo missions, researchers found that the early Earth likely retained little to no water during its formative years. This challenges long-held beliefs and suggests that the majority of Earth's water must have originated from other sources, rather than being delivered by celestial bodies. Unprecedented Volcanic Activity on Io NASA's Juno spacecraft has captured remarkable data on Io, the most volcanically active body in our solar system. Observations from a December flyby revealed the most energetic eruption ever detected on Io, affecting a vast area of 65,000 square kilometers. The findings indicate that interconnected magma reservoirs beneath Io's surface are responsible for this extraordinary volcanic activity, providing new insights into the moon's geological dynamics and evolution. Tectonic Plates and Earth's Climate A new study suggests that carbon released from shifting tectonic plates may have played a significant role in Earth's climatic transitions, rather than volcanic activity as previously thought. Researchers reconstructed carbon movements over the last 540 million years, providing evidence that carbon emissions from mid-ocean ridges were the primary drivers of climate shifts between ice ages and warmer periods. This research reshapes our understanding of past climate dynamics and offers valuable insights for future climate models. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Journal of Geophysical Research Planets Communications Earth and Environment Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link: This episode is brought to you with thanks to Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To take up our great offer and help support the show, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the Promo Code SPACETIME at checkout. SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 13 In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the hidden violent past of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole, delve into the origins of water on Jupiter's Galilean moons, and explore how meteor impacts are triggering dust avalanches on Mars. The Violent History of Sagittarius A For years, Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy, has been perceived as a quiet entity. However, new research published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters indicates that it may have experienced dramatic flares in the past. Observations from the CRISM Space Telescope reveal X-ray emissions from a gas cloud near Sagittarius A, suggesting a history of explosive activity that alters our understanding of supermassive black hole evolution and the history of our galaxy. Water Origins of Jupiter's Galilean Moons A groundbreaking study has determined that the contrasting water content of Jupiter's four large Galilean moons was established during their formation rather than evolving later. This research sheds light on the stark differences between Io, which is dry and volcanically active, and Europa, believed to have a subsurface ocean. The findings suggest that the primordial environment around Jupiter played a crucial role in shaping these moons' compositions. Meteor Impacts Trigger Dust Avalanches on Mars New evidence indicates that meteor impacts on Mars are causing dust avalanches, creating dark streaks on the planet's surface. An analysis of images from the European Space Agency's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter reveals that these avalanches occur primarily due to dry processes, driven by seasonal dust and wind activity, rather than water-related phenomena. This discovery enhances our understanding of Martian surface dynamics and the impact of meteor activity. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters Nature Communications Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) Sagittarius A's hidden violent past revealed (00:12:45) Origins of water on Jupiter's Galilean moons (00:25:30) Meteor impacts causing dust avalanches on Mars (00:35:00) February night sky highlights and celestial events. (00:00:00) This is space time series 29, episode 13 for broadcast on 30 January 2026 (00:00:47) X ray emissions from the Crism Space Telescope suggest Sagittarius A flared (00:07:59) A new study claims dust avalanches caused by meteor impacts are creating Martian streaks (00:10:22) February is the second month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars (00:12:03) February's Orion meteor showers usually peak around February 8th (00:22:18) Blue supergiant Rigel is the second brightest star in the constellation Orion (00:31:08) Rygel: Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky (00:35:09) February is a great time to look for bright stars in the night sky (00:38:04) The night sky is sparse with the old planets at the moment

Sponsor Link: This episode is brought to you with thanks to Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To take up our great offer and help support the show, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the Promo Code SPACETIME at checkout. SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 12 In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries about Earth's mantle, the watery past of Mars, and the rapid growth of galaxies through cool gas filaments. Distinct Histories of Earth’s Mantle Provinces Recent research reveals that the two massive continent-sized regions deep within the Earth's mantle have unique chemical compositions and histories. This study challenges long-held assumptions and uses seismic wave data to illustrate how these large low velocity provinces differ in density and material, impacting the planet's heat extraction from the core and potentially affecting the stability of Earth's magnetic field. Confirmation of Mars as a Blue Planet New evidence from ancient Martian river deltas suggests that Mars was once covered by a vast ocean. High-resolution images reveal delta-like structures, indicating that water once flowed into an ocean approximately 3 billion years ago. This discovery supports the notion of a once habitable environment on Mars, offering insights into its geological history and the potential for life. Galaxies Growing Through Cool Gas Filaments A fascinating new study has demonstrated how galaxies can rapidly grow by drawing in filaments of cool gas. Observations from the Keck Telescope's Cosmic Webb Imager provide direct evidence of these gas streams spiraling into galaxies, fueling star formation at unprecedented rates. This research offers significant insights into the processes of galaxy formation and the role of the cosmic web in shaping the universe. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Scientific Reports MPJ Space Exploration Nature Astronomy Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) Distinct histories of Earth's mantle provinces (00:12:15) Mars confirmed as a blue planet with ancient ocean (00:25:30) Galaxies grow rapidly through cool gas filaments (00:35:00) Discovery of the oldest known rock art in the world.

Sponsor Link: This episode is brought to you with thanks to Squarespace. Bring your stories to life with Squarespace, the easiest way to create an exceptional website, blog, portfolio, or online store. To take up our great offer and help support the show, just visit www.squarespace.com/spacetime or use the Promo Code SPACETIME at checkout. SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 11 In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the latest astronomical events, including a record-setting solar storm impacting Earth, the historic Artemis 2 mission preparing to return astronauts to the Moon, and groundbreaking evidence confirming an ancient asteroid impact in the North Sea. Record-Breaking Solar Storm Strikes Earth Planet Earth has recently experienced a massive geomagnetic storm triggered by an X1.9 class solar flare, followed by a coronal mass ejection. This event produced stunning auroras, visible as far north as Sydney and Brisbane. We discuss how such solar storms can affect technology on Earth and in space, including potential disruptions to communications and navigation systems, as well as the impact on satellites in low Earth orbit. Artemis 2: A Historic Return to the Moon NASA's Artemis 2 mission is gearing up to send astronauts back to the Moon for the first time in over 50 years. The crew will embark on a 10-day journey, orbiting the Moon and traveling further than any humans have before. We explore the mission's objectives, including testing spacecraft systems, practicing docking procedures, and conducting deep space science experiments, all while preparing for future lunar landings. Proof of an Ancient Asteroid Impact A decades-long debate over the origins of the Silverpit Crater in the North Sea has been resolved with new evidence confirming it was formed by an asteroid impact 43 to 46 million years ago. Utilizing seismic imaging and microscopic analysis, researchers have established this crater as a significant impact site, shedding light on the history of asteroid collisions on Earth and their implications for our planet's geological evolution. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Communications NASA Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) Record solar storm strikes Earth (00:12:30) Artemis 2 mission prepares to send astronauts back to the Moon (00:25:00) Evidence confirms asteroid impact in the North Sea (00:35:15) New insights into Earth's climate from ancient geological events.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 10 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking developments in space exploration, including the imminent launch of the first nuclear-powered rocket, the merging of low mass dwarf galaxies, and the intriguing connection between Earth-like planets and gas giants. The Dawn of Nuclear Rocket Technology History is set to be made as NASA and DARPA prepare to test the world’s first fully operational nuclear-powered orbital rocket. This innovative vehicle utilizes a nuclear thermal propulsion system that heats liquid hydrogen propellant through nuclear fusion, achieving nearly double the efficiency of conventional rockets. The test aims to validate reactor operation in orbit, potentially revolutionizing space travel by reducing transit times to Mars and allowing for larger payloads. Merging Dwarf Galaxies: A New Discovery A recent study published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters confirms that low mass dwarf galaxies can merge with one another. Observations of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy reveal previously hidden stellar structures, suggesting that even the smallest galaxies experience mergers. These findings challenge traditional views on galaxy formation and evolution, indicating that interactions between dwarf galaxies may be more common than previously believed. The Connection Between Earth-Like and Gas Giant Planets Astronomers have found that rocky planets similar to Earth are more likely to exist in star systems that also contain large gas giants like Jupiter. This research, reported in Astronomy and Astrophysics, shows that cold Jupiters, which orbit beyond the snow line, play a significant role in the formation of super Earths in the inner regions of their planetary systems. The study offers new insights into the complex dynamics of planetary formation and the conditions that lead to the development of terrestrial planets. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters Astronomy and Astrophysics Science Advances Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) NASA and DARPA prepare to test the first nuclear-powered orbital rocket (00:10:15) New study confirms mergers among low mass dwarf galaxies (00:20:45) Link discovered between Earth-like planets and gas giants (00:30:00) China breaks through barriers in nuclear fusion reactor development (00:35:20) The impact of ultra-processed foods on global health.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 9 In this episode of SpaceTime, we unravel the enigma of the universe's mysterious little red dots, delve into groundbreaking insights from Jupiter regarding the evolution of our solar system's planets, and mark the commencement of construction on Earth's largest gamma-ray observatory. The Mystery of the Little Red Dots A fascinating new study reveals that the enigmatic little red dots observed in early images from the NASA Webb Space Telescope are, in fact, young black holes cloaked in ionized gas. Researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute's Cosmic Dawn Center have determined that these black holes, much smaller than previously thought, are in the process of consuming gas, which creates immense heat and radiation, giving them their distinctive red appearance. This discovery sheds light on the formation of some of the universe's earliest black holes just 700 million years after the Big Bang. Jupiter's Role in Planetary Evolution New simulations indicate that Jupiter may contain up to 50% more oxygen than the Sun, providing fresh insights into how the planets in our solar system formed. By developing a comprehensive model of Jupiter's atmosphere, researchers have resolved a long-standing debate regarding the gas giant's chemical composition. The findings suggest that Jupiter's atmosphere circulates much more slowly than previously believed, which could alter our understanding of planetary migration and formation processes. Construction of Earth's Largest Gamma-Ray Observatory Engineers have officially begun construction on the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, set to be the largest gamma-ray telescope ever built. Located in Chile's Atacama Desert, this observatory will significantly enhance our ability to study high-energy cosmic phenomena, such as black holes and supernovae. With over 60 telescopes across two sites, the observatory will allow astronomers to observe gamma rays with unprecedented accuracy, potentially unlocking new discoveries about dark matter and the fundamental laws of physics. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Journal Planetary Science Journal Advances in Atmospheric Sciences Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) New study reveals little red dots in Webb images are young black holes (00:07:30) Jupiter may have 50% more oxygen than the Sun, reshaping planetary formation theories (00:15:45) Construction begins on the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (00:22:00) New data confirms 2025 saw record ocean heat storage (00:25:30) Advances in autonomous driving technology showcased at CES 2026.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 8 In this episode of SpaceTime, we investigate the surprising ways Mars influences Earth's climate, hear about the safe return of Crew 11 following the first emergency medical evacuation from the International Space Station, and explore a cosmic clock that reveals insights into Australia's geological history. Mars: A Climate Influencer A new study has unveiled that the orbit of Mars can significantly impact Earth's climate, even triggering ice ages. Researchers from the University of California Riverside utilized computer simulations to demonstrate how Mars’ gravitational pull alters Earth's orbit and affects long-term climatic cycles. The findings challenge previous assumptions about Mars' minimal influence and highlight the planet's role in shaping Earth's climatic patterns over millions of years. Crew 11's Safe Return NASA's SpaceX Crew 11 has successfully splashed down in the North Pacific Ocean after a historic emergency medical evacuation from the ISS. The crew's return, which occurred a month earlier than planned due to medical concerns, was marked by a brilliant display in the night sky as they descended. This marks a significant event in the history of human spaceflight, emphasizing the importance of health monitoring aboard the space station. Unveiling Australia's Geological History Scientists have discovered that the rare gas krypton can be used to unlock the secrets of Earth's ancient landscapes. By examining tiny zircon crystals found in ancient beach sands, researchers can gauge how long these minerals have been exposed at the surface, providing insights into erosion rates and potential mineral deposits. This groundbreaking research not only sheds light on the past but also has implications for future resource exploration in Australia. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Astronomical Society of the Pacific NASA Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) New study shows how the orbit of Mars can affect climate here on Earth (00:05:52) NASA's SpaceX crew 11 safely returned to Earth after medical evacuation (00:08:17) SpaceX and NASA astronauts splashdown after 167 days in space (00:09:00) The crew were returning a month early due to medical concerns (00:10:46) Scientists use rare gas called krypton to study ancient Earth landscapes (00:23:05) New data from NASA shows 2025 was the second hottest year since records began (00:24:38) Some AI chatbots are reporting abuse and fear following interactions with humans

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 7 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the intriguing possibilities surrounding the origins of life, including new findings from Saturn's moon Titan and the implications for our understanding of life beyond Earth. We also explore the latest research on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, and uncover the sources of the sun's mysterious gamma rays. Life's Building Blocks on Titan A groundbreaking study reveals that Titan, Saturn's largest moon, exhibits unexpected chemical interactions at extremely low temperatures. Researchers found that hydrogen cyanide can mix with nonpolar substances like methane and ethane, challenging traditional chemistry principles. This discovery could provide insights into the prebiotic chemistry that may have preceded life on Earth, as Titan's environment mirrors that of early Earth. Europa's Quiet Oceans In a surprising turn, new calculations suggest that the vast subsurface ocean beneath Europa's icy crust may be lifeless. This research indicates that Europa lacks the geological activity, such as hydrothermal vents, necessary to sustain life. Lead author Paul Brian discusses how the moon's stable orbit around Jupiter limits the tidal forces that could drive geological processes, casting doubt on the moon's potential as a habitat for life. The Source of Solar Gamma Rays Astronomers have identified the origin of intense gamma radiation emitted during solar flares, linking it to high-energy electrons colliding with plasma in the solar corona. This finding, derived from observations of a significant solar flare in 2017, enhances our understanding of solar flare physics and could improve space weather forecasting. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nature Communications Nature Astronomy Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) Scientists studying Saturn's moon Titan have discovered that normally incompatible substances can mix (00:05:19) NASA will launch the Dragonfly mission to Titan in 2028 (00:13:36) NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft will study icy moon Europa (00:18:11) Astronomers have discovered that gamma rays generated by solar flares are caused by electrons (00:21:58) Most people who take diabetes drug Mounjaro gain weight back after stopping

Sponsor Links: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 6 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics, including the confirmation of Betelgeuse's elusive companion star, a spectacular black hole event, and the BepiColombo spacecraft's approach to Mercury. Betelgeuse's Companion Star Confirmed Astronomers have finally confirmed that the red supergiant star Betelgeuse has a companion star, named Saguara. Utilizing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observatories, researchers traced the influence of Saguara as it interacts with Betelgeuse's outer atmosphere. This discovery sheds light on the star's peculiar brightness variations and its eventual fate as it nears a supernova explosion, which could occur at any time in astronomical terms. A Black Hole's Powerful Feast In a remarkable observation, astronomers witnessed a black hole shredding a massive star in what is described as the most powerful event of its kind ever recorded. Known as a gravitational tidal disruption event, this phenomenon released energy equivalent to 400 billion times that of our Sun, surpassing even the most energetic supernovae. The event, cataloged as AT 2024WPP, offers new insights into black hole behavior and the dynamics of stellar destruction. BepiColombo's Journey to Mercury The BepiColombo spacecraft is nearing its orbit insertion around Mercury after a seven-year journey. Launched in 2018, this multi-spacecraft mission will study Mercury's surface, magnetic field, and interaction with solar activity. The mission consists of two orbiters that will work in tandem to gather comprehensive data about this enigmatic planet, promising to enhance our understanding of planetary formation and evolution. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society European Space Agency Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Sponsor Link: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Squarespace. When it's time to get a presence online, go with the folks who support us...and build the best websites easily. No hassles. You can check out their special offer for SpaceTime listeners by visiting our special URL....Click Here In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover new evidence suggesting that dark matter may interact with neutrinos, a revelation that could reshape our understanding of the universe. We also discuss a serious medical issue that has forced one of the crews aboard the International Space Station to return home early, and learn about the remarkable discovery that galaxies spin like clockwork. Dark Matter and Neutrinos: A Possible Interaction Scientists are challenging the long-standing standard model of particle physics with new findings indicating that dark matter and neutrinos may interact. This groundbreaking research, reported in Nature Astronomy, provides a rare glimpse into the universe's hidden components. By analyzing data from both the early and late universe, researchers suggest that these elusive cosmic entities could influence the formation of galaxies and other structures, potentially addressing discrepancies observed in cosmological measurements. Medical Emergency Forces ISS Crew to Return Early NASA's SpaceX Crew 11 is returning to Earth ahead of schedule due to a medical concern involving one of the astronauts. While the situation is stable and not classified as an emergency, the decision was made to ensure the crew member receives comprehensive medical evaluation on the ground. This marks a historic moment, as it is the first time in 26 years of ISS operations that a medical issue has necessitated an early return. Galaxies Spin Like Clockwork Recent studies have confirmed that galaxies rotate approximately once every billion years, regardless of their size. This research, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, reveals a consistent rotational pattern across different types of galaxies, enhancing our understanding of their mechanics and structure. The findings indicate that older stars exist even at the edges of galaxies, providing valuable insights into galactic formation and evolution. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society British Medical Journal Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 4 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest revelations about supermassive black holes, the enigmatic interstellar comet 3I Atlas, and NASA's innovative tests on lunar surface interactions. Do All Galaxies Host Supermassive Black Holes? A groundbreaking study utilizing NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory challenges the long-held belief that all galaxies harbor supermassive black holes at their centers. Analyzing data from over 1,600 galaxies, researchers discovered that only about 30% of dwarf galaxies contain these cosmic giants. The findings, published in the Astrophysical Journal, provide crucial insights into the formation of supermassive black holes and suggest that smaller galaxies may have significantly fewer black holes than their massive counterparts. No Evidence of Alien Intelligence from Comet 3I Atlas Despite sensational claims, a thorough investigation into the interstellar comet 3I Atlas has yielded no signs of extraterrestrial technology. Observations from the Green Bank Radio Telescope during the comet's closest approach revealed only radio frequency interference, dismissing earlier speculations of alien signals. The analysis reinforces the understanding that the comet's behavior aligns with natural phenomena, rather than advanced civilizations. NASA's Rocket Plume Studies on Lunar Regolith NASA is conducting new experiments to understand how rocket plumes interact with the lunar surface, crucial for future lunar landings. Using a sophisticated camera system, scientists are simulating rocket engine behavior in a vacuum chamber to analyze the impact of exhaust on lunar dust and rocks. The data collected will inform the design of landing systems for the Artemis missions and future Mars explorations, ensuring crew safety and mission success. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal NASA Reports Journal of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 4 for broadcast on 9 January 2026 (00:00:47) Study reveals fewer supermassive black holes in smaller galaxies (00:12:30) No signs of alien technology from comet 3I Atlas (00:20:10) NASA's lunar regolith plume interaction tests (00:25:00) Science report: Microplastics and neurodegenerative diseases, dog ownership and community ties

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 3 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the latest discoveries in astrophysics and the challenges faced by space agencies worldwide. Ancient Supernova Offers Clues to Dark Energy Astronomers have made significant strides in understanding dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the universe's accelerated expansion. A newly observed supernova, located 10 billion light years away, has been gravitationally lensed by a foreground galaxy, allowing scientists to analyze multiple images of the same explosion. This phenomenon could help determine the Hubble constant, shedding light on the universe's expansion rate and its ultimate fate, which ranges from a Big Crunch to a Big Rip. Sterile Neutrino Hypothesis Nearly Ruled Out After over a decade of research, scientists have come close to ruling out the existence of the sterile neutrino, a proposed particle that could explain anomalous neutrino behavior. Data from the Micro BooNE experiment at Fermilab has shown no signs of sterile neutrinos, providing a pivotal moment in particle physics that narrows the search for new theories beyond the standard model. China's Reusable Rocket Setback China's efforts to develop a reusable rocket faced a significant blow as its Long March 12A failed on its maiden flight. Although the rocket's first and second stages performed as expected, the first stage failed to return successfully, highlighting the challenges in achieving reusability akin to SpaceX's Falcon 9. This setback underscores the competitive nature of the global space industry as China strives to enhance its capabilities. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Letters Nature Fermilab Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 3 for broadcast on 7 January 2026 (00:00:47) Discovering dark energy through a unique supernova (00:12:30) Ruling out the sterile neutrino hypothesis (00:20:10) China's reusable rocket faces a major setback (00:25:00) Science report: Climate change impacts, endangered species, and digital privacy concerns

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 2 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing history of our galaxy and the secrets of Earth's early water retention. Unraveling the Milky Way's Chemical Bimodality A groundbreaking study suggests that the Milky Way's stellar formation and its unique chemical bimodality may stem from intergalactic gas rather than traditional star formation or galactic collisions. Researchers utilized advanced computer simulations to analyze the formation of 30 simulated galaxies, revealing that the Milky Way's distinct groups of stars, defined by their iron and magnesium content, can emerge through various mechanisms. This research not only enhances our understanding of the Milky Way's evolution but also challenges previous assumptions about the role of smaller galaxies in shaping its chemical structure. Earth's Mantle: A Reservoir of Ancient Water New findings indicate that Earth's mantle may have locked away vast amounts of water during the planet's formative magma ocean phase. Researchers discovered that bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in the mantle, could store significant quantities of water, potentially equating to the volume of all today's oceans. This study reshapes our understanding of how water was retained during Earth's extreme early conditions and its role in the transition to a habitable planet. The implications of this research may provide insights into the geological processes that sustain Earth's dynamic environment. The Astronomy of Standing Stones Reflecting on archaeological astronomy, we revisit a pivotal study that revealed how ancient standing stones in Britain were constructed with astronomical alignments in mind. This research confirms that the earliest stone monuments, including the Great Circles of Scotland, were intentionally oriented to mark the movements of the sun and moon. By examining the patterns of alignment, researchers established a connection between these ancient structures and the cultural significance of celestial events, illustrating the sophisticated understanding early Britons had of their environment and the cosmos. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal of Science Journal of Archaeological Science Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 2 for broadcast on 5 January 2026 (00:00:47) New study on the Milky Way's chemical bimodality (00:12:30) How bridgmanite in Earth's mantle may have stored ancient water (00:20:10) The astronomical significance of ancient standing stones in Britain (00:25:00) Science Robert: Sleep apnea linked to Parkinson's disease and more news in science

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 29 Episode 1 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into extraordinary cosmic phenomena and the ongoing exploration of our solar system. Cosmic Matter Ejected at 20% the Speed of Light Astronomers have made a groundbreaking observation of matter being ejected from a supermassive black hole at the center of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3783, located 135 million light years away. This matter, propelled at an astonishing 20% the speed of light, challenges previously held notions about how such superluminal jets are powered. The findings suggest that a sudden change in the magnetic field, rather than radiation, may be responsible for this high-speed outburst, providing new insights into the mechanisms of black hole dynamics and their impact on galactic evolution. Wind-Sculpted Landscapes on Mars NASA's Perseverance Rover continues its exploration of Mars, focusing on megaripples—large sand formations shaped by wind. These megaripples, some reaching up to 2 meters in height, offer scientists a unique opportunity to study current Martian atmospheric processes. As the rover investigates the Honeyguide region, researchers hope to gain insights into the planet's wind patterns and surface chemistry, which will be crucial for future human missions to Mars. Potential Ocean Beneath Uranus's Moon Ariel New research suggests that Uranus's moon Ariel may harbor a vast subsurface ocean, potentially more than 170 kilometers deep. This discovery, reported in the journal Icarus, highlights Ariel's unique geological features and raises questions about its past interior structure and orbital dynamics. The study indicates that understanding Ariel's ocean could provide crucial context for the moon's surface fractures and cryovolcanic activity, emphasizing the need for future missions to the Uranian system to confirm these findings. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomy and Astrophysics Icarus NASA Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 29, Episode 1 for broadcast on 2 January 2026 (00:00:47) Cosmic matter ejected from supermassive black hole (00:12:30) Perseverance Rover studies wind-sculpted megaripples on Mars (00:20:10) Evidence of a subsurface ocean beneath Uranus's moon Ariel (00:25:00) Skywatch: January night sky highlights and celestial events

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary - Series 28 Episode 154 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore significant milestones in lunar exploration and the latest challenges in space technology. Accelerated Launch for Artemis 2 NASA has moved up the launch date for the historic Artemis 2 manned moon mission to early February, marking the first human journey to the moon in over 50 years since Apollo 17. The Orion spacecraft, named Integrity, will embark on a 10-day mission, completing a free return trajectory around the moon. This episode discusses the mission's objectives, including in-space demonstrations and the deployment of five cubesats, as well as the importance of this mission for future lunar exploration and potential Mars missions. New Insights from Lunar Rock Samples Recent studies of lunar rock samples have revealed a new timeline for lunar impacts, pushing back the history of Earth's nearest celestial neighbour by 300 million years. The Apollo 17 rock sample, known as 76535, has provided crucial insights into the moon's formation and its geological history. Advanced computer simulations suggest that the impact that formed the Serenitatis Basin may have brought this rock to the surface, reshaping our understanding of the moon's bombardment history and its implications for Earth. Japan's H3 Rocket Failure The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has faced a setback with the failure of its new H3 rocket during a satellite launch. This follows a previous failure during its maiden flight. The H3 rocket, designed to replace the H2, aims to enhance Japan's capabilities in the global space market but has encountered significant technical challenges. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Geophysical Research Letters NASA Reports JAXA Updates Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 154 for broadcast on 31 December 2025 (00:00:47) NASA accelerates Artemis 2 moon mission launch (00:12:30) New lunar rock samples shift timeline of impacts (00:20:10) Japan's H3 rocket fails to deploy satellite (00:25:00) Study reveals links between social media use and cognitive performance in children (00:27:30) Coffee and tea's effects on bone health in older women

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 28 Episode 153 In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into thrilling new missions and groundbreaking discoveries in the universe. Ramses Mission to Asteroid Apophis The European Space Agency has greenlit an exciting new mission to study the infamous doomsday asteroid Apophis. The Ramses spacecraft will closely observe the 450-meter-wide asteroid as it makes a close flyby of Earth on April 13, 2029, at a mere 32,000 kilometers away—closer than many satellites. Initially feared to be on a collision course with Earth, further observations have since ruled out the threat of impact. However, the Ramses mission aims to understand how Earth's gravitational forces might affect Apophis during this close encounter, potentially setting the stage for future impacts. The spacecraft will deploy smaller probes to monitor changes in Apophis's orbit, rotation, and surface, providing vital data for planetary defense and insight into the evolution of asteroids. Solving the Mystery of Existence In a groundbreaking study, scientists at CERN have made strides in explaining the universe's existence by observing a slight imbalance in the behavior of matter and antimatter. This charge parity (CP) violation suggests that a tiny difference favored matter over antimatter during the Big Bang, allowing the universe to evolve into its current state. The findings, based on 80,000 decays of the Lambda beauty particle, indicate a significant deviation that could reshape our understanding of the cosmos. The Largest Planetary Nursery Ever Seen Astronomers have discovered the largest planetary nursery ever observed, located in a massive protoplanetary disk around a young star. This chaotic environment, cataloged as IRAS230776707, spans an astonishing 650 billion kilometers and showcases intricate structures that hint at the complex processes of planet formation. The observations, made using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, reveal a unique perspective on how planetary systems may develop in extreme conditions, raising new questions about the dynamics shaping these disks. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Nature CERN Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 153 for broadcast on 29 December 2025 (00:00:47) ESA's Ramses mission to study asteroid Apophis (00:12:30) CERN's discovery of matter-antimatter imbalance (00:20:10) Astronomers observe the largest protoplanetary disk ever found (00:25:00) New insights into sleep apnea and mental health risks (00:28:30) Potential discovery of a new ancient human species

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking astronomical events and the latest advancements in space exploration. First Ever Super Kilonova Detected Astronomers have made a significant discovery with the potential detection of the first ever super kilonova explosion. This extraordinary event, cataloged as AT 2025ULZ, is believed to have been triggered by a double supernova explosion, producing both gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation. Lead author Manzi Kasliwal from Caltech's Palomar Observatory discusses how this unique phenomenon could reshape our understanding of stellar evolution and the formation of heavy elements in the universe. With only one confirmed kilonova event to date, this new discovery presents an exciting opportunity to explore the complexities of cosmic explosions. Blue Ghost 2 Spacecraft Shake Test Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost Mission 2 spacecraft has undergone rigorous shake testing at NASA's Environmental Test Laboratory. This critical assessment simulates the intense vibrations and acoustics experienced during launch, ensuring the spacecraft can withstand the harsh conditions of a rocket ascent. JPL engineer Michael Williams explains the importance of these tests in preparing spacecraft for successful missions, as the Blue Ghost 2 aims to deliver multiple payloads to the lunar far side next year. Shenzhou 20 Capsule Returns Safely China's Shenzhou 20 spacecraft has successfully completed an unmanned return to Earth after sustaining damage from space debris. Initially intended to bring a crew of Tigernauts back home, mission managers opted for a safe return without the crew due to concerns over a crack in the capsule's viewport. This decision highlights the importance of safety in space missions, while also providing valuable data for future flights. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters NASA Reports Nature Communications Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 152 for broadcast on 26 December 2025 (00:00:47) Astronomers detect what could be the first ever super kilonova explosion (00:15:30) Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost 2 spacecraft undergoes shake testing at NASA's JPL (00:20:10) China's Shenzhou 20 capsule returns safely to Earth after damage from space debris (00:25:00) New study reveals the benefits of swearing during physical exertion

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore significant advancements in space exploration and innovative scientific projects. Perseverance Rover's New Journey After nearly five years on Mars, NASA's Perseverance Rover is on the move again, heading to a new site on the rim of Jezero Crater named Lac du Charm. Having traversed over 40 kilometres and collected vital rock core samples, the rover is undergoing extensive evaluations to ensure its longevity, with engineers confident it can operate until at least 2031. We discuss the rover's advanced autonomous driving capabilities and its mission to uncover signs of past microbial life. Fashion Meets Science: Microbial Fabrics A groundbreaking project is set to merge fashion and science by sending specially designed fabrics made from bacteria into space. These innovative materials will change colour in response to radiation exposure, potentially protecting astronauts from harmful levels of UV radiation and offering new applications for skin cancer prevention on Earth. Lead researcher Giles Ballet shares insights into how this technology could revolutionise both space exploration and everyday fashion. Expedition 73 Crew Returns The Expedition 73 astronauts have safely returned to Earth after an eight-month mission aboard the International Space Station. Their journey has contributed to over 250 experiments, including advancements in bioprinting and remote robotic operations. We also discuss the implications of recent challenges faced by Russia's manned space program. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Science NASA Reports Nature Communications Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 151 for broadcast on 24 December 2025 (00:00:47) NASA's Perseverance Rover begins a new journey on Mars (00:12:30) Innovative microbial fabrics set to be tested in space (00:19:15) Expedition 73 crew returns safely to Earth after eight months in orbit (00:24:05) New study suggests humans have been using fire for 400,000 years (00:27:30) Technology tips for buying the right printer for your needs

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 28 Episode 150 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into intriguing discoveries and ongoing challenges in the realm of astrophysics and planetary science. Cosmic Dance of Dying Stars Astronomers have made fascinating observations of a unique star system named Apep, located over 8,000 light years away in the constellation Norma. This rare system consists of three massive stars locked in a 190-year orbit, creating stunning spirals of cosmic dust. Using the advanced capabilities of NASA's Webb Space Telescope and the Very Large Telescope in Chile, researchers captured extraordinary images revealing four distinct dust shells spiraling outward from the stars. Lead author Ryan White from Macquarie University discusses how these findings enhance our understanding of stellar interactions and the evolution of massive stars over time. Titan's Liquid Ocean: A New Perspective A recent study challenges the long-held belief that Saturn's largest moon, Titan, harbors a vast underground ocean. Instead, researchers suggest that Titan may have a more complex internal structure characterized by slushy tunnels and pockets of meltwater rather than a global liquid water ocean. This revelation, based on a reanalysis of data from NASA's Cassini mission, could have significant implications for the search for potential life on Titan, indicating that any existing life forms might inhabit a more confined environment with concentrated nutrients. NASA's MAVEN: Communication Challenges Mission managers at NASA are working diligently to restore contact with the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, which went silent during a routine pass behind Mars on December 6. Engineers are analyzing data from before the loss of signal to identify the cause and determine if the spacecraft can be salvaged. MAVEN has been crucial for studying Mars' atmosphere and has served as a vital communications relay for surface missions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Nature NASA TV Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is space time series 28 episode 150 for broadcast on 22nd December 2025 (00:00:47) NASA's Webb Space Telescope reveals four spectacular dust shells from distant star system (00:10:58) New study says Titan probably doesn't have a vast underground liquid water ocean (00:15:57) NASA mission managers continue efforts to restore contact with missing maven spacecraft (00:18:36) New study finds shared genetic patterns across 14 common psychiatric disorders (00:20:56) A new study claims acupuncture treatment for lower back pain reduces pain

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries and exciting celestial events that illuminate our understanding of the universe. Earliest Supernova Ever Detected Astronomers have achieved a remarkable milestone by detecting the earliest supernova ever observed, dating back to a mere 730 million years after the Big Bang. Using the powerful Webb Space Telescope, this supernova, cataloged as GRB250314A, emitted a gamma ray burst that has shattered previous distance records. Lead author Andrew Levin shares insights into how this discovery provides a glimpse into the universe when it was only 5% of its current age, revealing surprising similarities with modern supernovae despite the vast differences in their epochs. Liquid Water on Mars: New Evidence New seismic data from NASA's Mars InSight lander suggests that liquid water could still exist beneath the Martian surface, potentially providing a habitat for microbial life. The analysis of marsquakes has revealed boundaries in the Martian crust that indicate the presence of water-filled cracks, offering compelling evidence that life may persist on the Red Planet. We discuss the implications of these findings and the methodologies used to analyze the Martian subsurface. The Great Geminids Meteor Shower of 2025 The annual Geminid meteor shower is reaching its peak, presenting stargazers with the chance to witness up to 100 meteors per hour under optimal conditions. Unlike many meteor showers that originate from comets, the Geminids are unique as they come from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon. Dr. Robert Massey provides tips on how to best observe this spectacular celestial event, emphasizing the importance of dark skies and the naked eye for optimal viewing. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomy and Astrophysics British Medical Journal Nature Communications Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) New clues suggest that liquid water could still exist on Mars today (00:00:48) Astronomers have detected the earliest supernova ever seen using the Webb Space Telescope (00:05:10) New study based on seismic data suggests liquid water may still exist on Mars (00:09:12) The Geminids are visible between now and December 20th (00:13:10) New study finds coffee may slow down biological aging of people with mental illnesses

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary Gary - Series 28 Episode 147 In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into remarkable discoveries that significantly enhance our understanding of the cosmos. Longest Gamma Ray Burst Ever Detected Astronomers have made headlines with the discovery of the longest gamma ray burst ever recorded, GRB 250702B, which lasted over seven hours. This unprecedented event is reshaping our understanding of stellar explosions and their aftermath. Initial observations indicate that this extraordinary burst may have originated from a black hole consuming a star, prompting new theories about the mechanisms behind these powerful cosmic phenomena. We explore the implications of this finding and how it challenges existing models of gamma ray bursts. Elemental Bounty in Supernova Remnant For the first time, scientists have detected chlorine and potassium in the remnants of the supernova Cassiopeia A, utilizing the advanced capabilities of the CRISM spacecraft. This discovery sheds light on the elemental processes that occur during stellar explosions and their connection to the formation of elements crucial for life on Earth. We discuss the significance of these findings and their impact on our understanding of stellar nucleosynthesis. International Space Station Fully Occupied In a historic first, the International Space Station has reached full capacity, with all eight of its docking ports in use. We discuss the implications of this milestone, including the logistics of managing multiple spacecraft and the ongoing missions currently underway aboard the ISS. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Astrophysical Journal Letters Nature Astronomy Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) This is space Time Series 28, Episode 147 full broadcast on 17 December 2025 (00:00:47) Astronomers have detected the longest gamma ray burst ever detected (00:11:11) Astronomers have detected chlorine and potassium in a supernova remnant (00:18:27) International Space Station is fully occupied with all eight docking ports now in use (00:20:05) New study claims flavonoids may help improve insulin resistance (00:24:58) You're a multiple award winner. You've won in creative writing and controversy (00:26:05) Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through bitesz. com

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore significant developments in space exploration and cosmic studies that could reshape our understanding of the universe. Nasa's MAVEN Mars Orbiter: Communication Loss NASA's MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) spacecraft has gone silent, with contact lost on December 6th after passing behind Mars. The orbiter has been a vital asset for over a decade, studying the Martian atmosphere and solar wind interactions that have transformed Mars from a water-rich world to a cold desert. We delve into MAVEN's critical findings, including the mechanisms of atmospheric escape and the implications of its potential loss for ongoing Martian research. Galactic Neighbourhoods: Influencing Evolution A new study reveals how a galaxy's local environment can significantly affect its evolution. The research, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, demonstrates that galaxies situated in densely populated regions tend to grow more slowly and develop different structures compared to their isolated counterparts. By analysing data from the Deep Extragalactic Visible Legacy Survey, astronomers have gained insights into the complex dynamics of galactic interactions and their impact on star formation rates. Uranus and Neptune: More Richie than Icy? Challenging long-held classifications, a recent study suggests that the solar system's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, may actually be more rocky than icy. Researchers from the University of Zurich conducted computer simulations that indicate a broader range of internal compositions for these planets, which could explain their complex magnetic fields. This new perspective could alter our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, paving the way for future explorations of these distant worlds. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society NASA TV Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we tackle some of the most intriguing cosmic mysteries and discoveries that could reshape our understanding of the universe. Unraveling Uranus: The Mystery of Its Radiation Belts For 39 years, the intense electron radiation belts surrounding Uranus have puzzled scientists since NASA's Voyager 2 flyby in 1986 revealed unexpectedly high levels of radiation. New analyses suggest these findings may be explained by a solar wind structure interacting with the Uranian system during Voyager 2's visit. This research opens up new questions about the fundamental physics governing these extreme energy levels and the unique characteristics of Uranus itself. Mapping Martian River Systems: A Historic First A groundbreaking study has mapped ancient river systems on Mars, identifying 16 large drainage basins that could have supported life billions of years ago. By synthesizing previous data on Martian river valleys, lakes, and canyons, scientists have outlined how these systems could have formed a global network, similar to Earth's most biodiverse river basins. This research enhances our understanding of Mars' geological history and its potential for past life. 2026 Australasian Sky Guide Released The 2026 Australasian Sky Guide has officially been released, offering skywatchers a detailed monthly map of celestial events. Highlights include supermoons, planetary alignments, and eclipses, providing an exciting year ahead for astronomy enthusiasts. Dr. Nick Glom shares insights into the guide's features and the astronomical events to look forward to in the coming year. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Communications Earth and Environment Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) Scientists may have finally resolved 39 year old mystery about Uranus radiation belts (00:03:55) A new study has begun the task of mapping ancient river systems on Mars (00:08:06) The 2026 Australasian Sky Guide has just been released (00:10:23) The book tells readers what's up in the sky for each month (00:11:39) Total eclipse of the moon in March is spectacular and easy to photograph (00:14:22) A new study suggests volcanic activity may have paved the way for the Black Death (00:15:37) A new study claims people who want children are more likely to find older faces attractive (00:17:33) Tim Mendham warns about the dangers of taking medical advice on social media (00:20:08) Spacetime is available through bitesz.com and other podcasting platforms

SpaceTime with Stuart Gary - Series 28 Episode 145 In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries that deepen our understanding of the origins of life and the dynamics of our galaxy. Sugars and Stardust: Insights from Asteroid Bennu NASA's Osiris Rex mission has returned samples from the asteroid Bennu, revealing the presence of biologically essential sugars, including ribose and glucose, along with a unique gum-like substance never before seen in astromaterials. These findings, published in Nature Geoscience and Nature Astronomy, suggest that the building blocks for life were widespread throughout the early solar system. The discovery of ribose supports the RNA world hypothesis, indicating that RNA might have been the first genetic material. Additionally, the presence of glucose hints at the early energy sources available for life on Earth. Stars Defying the Black Hole Astronomers have observed numerous stars in stable orbits around Sagittarius A, the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. This discovery, reported in Astronomy and Astrophysics, challenges previous assumptions that these objects were merely clouds of dust on a collision course with destruction. Instead, the new data from the ERIS Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph reveals a dynamic and stable environment around the black hole, providing a unique laboratory for studying interactions between black holes and stars. Martian Mystery Solved? A new radar technique employed by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has cast doubt on the existence of a suspected underground lake beneath the Martian South Pole ice cap. Initial signals that suggested the presence of liquid water have been reinterpreted as possibly being layers of rock and dust. This innovative approach opens new avenues for investigating subsurface resources on Mars, which could have significant implications for future exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Geoscience Nature Astronomy Astronomy and Astrophysics Geophysical Research Letters Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Galactic Tug-of-War: The Small Magellanic Cloud's Struggle Against Gravitational Forces (00:00:46) One of our nearest neighbouring galaxies being torn apart (00:08:00) A giant spider on the Jovian Ice Moon Europa (00:12:23) Mars could have been habitable for long periods (00:14:14) The Science Report (00:17:23) Skeptics guide to why some people are born suckers (00:20:24) Episode Wrap In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into fascinating cosmic phenomena and groundbreaking discoveries that could reshape our understanding of the universe. The Small Magellanic Cloud: A Galaxy Under Duress Astronomers have uncovered that the Small Magellanic Cloud, a nearby dwarf galaxy, is being torn apart by gravitational forces from its neighbor, the Large Magellanic Cloud. This revelation, published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, highlights the complex movements of Cepheid variable stars within the galaxy, indicating that it is being stretched in multiple directions. By utilizing data from the European Space Agency's Gaia satellite, researchers have gained unprecedented insights into the interactions between these two galaxies, prompting a reevaluation of their structural dynamics and gravitational relationships with the Milky Way. Europa's Spider: Signs of Subsurface Water? A striking spider-like feature on Jupiter's moon Europa has scientists buzzing with excitement. Researchers suggest this formation, found near the Menanan impact crater, may be evidence of subsurface water seeping through the moon's icy crust following an asteroid impact. The findings, reported in the Planetary Science Journal, could have significant implications for the moon's habitability and the presence of life. By drawing parallels with similar features on Mars, scientists are eager to explore Europa's subsurface properties further, especially with the upcoming Europa Clipper mission set to launch in April 2030. Mars: A Longer Habitable History? New research indicates that Mars may have been habitable for a much longer duration than previously believed. A study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research Planets reveals that ancient underground water may have flowed beneath the Martian sand dunes, creating conditions conducive to life long after its surface water disappeared. This discovery not only enhances our understanding of Mars' geological history but also highlights the potential of subsurface environments as targets for future exploration in the search for past life. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters Planetary Science Journal Journal of Geophysical Research Planets Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries and intriguing phenomena from Mars to the depths of space. Lightning Strikes on Mars: A Historic Discovery NASA's Perseverance Rover has made a remarkable find by detecting lightning in the Martian atmosphere for the first time. Recorded within two dust devils in Jezero Crater, the rover's Supercam microphone captured electromagnetic and acoustic signals indicative of electrical discharges. This discovery not only confirms long-held theories about Martian electrical activity but also reveals significant implications for the planet's atmospheric chemistry and potential hazards for future missions. NASA's Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I Atlas Following the European Space Agency's observations, NASA has released stunning images of interstellar comet 3I Atlas. As the comet passed close to Mars, NASA's MAVEN and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter provided crucial data on its trajectory and chemical composition. These insights are helping astronomers piece together the comet's journey and origins, revealing potential clues about water in other star systems. Moss in Space: Resilience Against the Void A new study has shown that moss can survive the harsh conditions of space for up to 15 years. Researchers sent moss spores to the International Space Station, where they thrived despite exposure to the vacuum and extreme temperatures. This remarkable resilience could have implications for understanding life's potential to endure in extreme environments beyond Earth. Skywatch: December Highlights As the December solstice approaches, we take a look at the night sky's highlights, including the Geminids meteor shower and the ticking time bomb of Eta Carina. We also discuss the significance of the December solstice and the celestial events that define this time of year. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Nature NASA Reports Journal of Eye Science Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. (00:00:00) NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover has captured evidence of electrical discharges (00:03:47) NASA publishes its own observations of the Interstellar Comet 3I Atlas (00:07:26) Moss spores survive exposure to vacuum of space for up to 15 years (00:09:40) The December solstice marks the beginning of winter in both hemispheres (00:11:54) Axial precession causes a slow and continuous change in Earth's rotational axis (00:15:11) Astronomers describe stars in terms of spectral types based on temperature and characteristics (00:19:04) Two blue stars nearing end of their lives before exploding massive core collapse supernovae (00:24:23) Just above the horizon is the constellation of Orion the Hunter (00:34:04) Canopus talks about the effect of the Moon on stargazing (00:37:03) The Southern Cross starts near the celestial equator and wanders far south (00:39:06) There are two star clusters that we speak about quite often on the show (00:41:50) The only planet that's up in the early evening is Saturn

(00:00:00) Theia Unveiled: Tracing the Origins of Earth's Moon and Lucy's Journey to Jupiter's Trojans (00:00:50) New study claims Theia and Earth were once neighbours (00:06:16) Lucy’s mission to Jupiter’s trojan asteroids (00:15:26) Starliner’s next mission to be limited to cargo only (00:17:57) The Science Report (00:23:17) Alex on Tech: Dooms Day clock countdown to Digital ID In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the intriguing origins of our Moon and the latest developments in space exploration. Theia: The Lost Planet Behind the Moon's Birth A groundbreaking study reveals that Theia, the small planet believed to have collided with Earth to form the Moon, originated from the inner solar system. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute and the University of Chicago have analyzed isotopic compositions of Earth and Moon rocks, suggesting that Theia was likely composed of materials found closer to the Sun than Earth's orbit. This discovery sheds light on the nature of this celestial body and its dramatic impact on our planet's history. Lucy Mission Update: Journey to Jupiter's Trojans NASA's Lucy spacecraft, launched in October 2021, is on an ambitious 12-year mission to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids. These ancient remnants from the solar system's formation are crucial for understanding planetary development. Lucy will visit seven asteroids, including both leading and trailing Trojan swarms, providing unprecedented insights into the early solar system. Principal Investigator Hal Levison emphasizes that the mission will revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation and the origins of volatiles and organics on terrestrial planets. Starliner Mission Limited to Cargo In a significant setback, NASA has announced that Boeing's Starliner spacecraft will only carry cargo on its next mission to the International Space Station. This decision follows a series of technical issues that plagued Starliner's previous flights. With the total number of planned missions reduced from six to four, NASA aims to ensure safety and reliability before allowing crewed flights again. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Science NASA Reports Max Planck Institute Studies Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking advancements in our understanding of the universe and the challenges faced in space exploration. Detecting Dark Matter: A Major Breakthrough After nearly a century of speculation, scientists may have finally detected dark matter. A report in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics reveals that gamma rays emitted from dark matter particle collisions have been observed using NASA's Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope. This discovery aligns with predictions about dark matter's existence and could signify a new particle not included in the current standard model of particle physics. If confirmed, this finding would represent one of the most significant developments in astronomy and physics to date. CHEOPS Spacecraft Nears Milestone The European Space Agency's CHEOPS (Characterizing Exoplanet Satellite) is approaching another milestone as it enters its sixth year of a mission initially planned for three and a half years. Launched in December 2019, CHEOPS aims to determine the size and characteristics of known exoplanets. With its 30-centimeter optical telescope, the spacecraft has been crucial in observing transiting exoplanets and will now extend its search to include exomoons, enhancing our understanding of planetary systems beyond our own. Disaster at Baikonur Cosmodrome A major disaster struck at the Baikonur Cosmodrome during the launch of the Soyuz MS.28 spacecraft to the International Space Station. The mobile service platform collapsed due to the rocket's exhaust plume, resulting in significant damage to the launch pad. This incident leaves Russia without a functional facility for manned space missions for the first time in 60 years, delaying upcoming launches and posing challenges for future missions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics European Space Agency Reports NASA News Releases Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the latest discoveries and challenges in space exploration and Earth science. Tracking Interstellar Comet 3I Atlas from Mars The European Space Agency has successfully monitored interstellar comet 3I Atlas from its ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, significantly improving the accuracy of its predicted trajectory by a factor of ten. The comet, which travels at speeds of up to 250,000 km/h, was observed from a unique vantage point, allowing astronomers to refine its path through our solar system. This remarkable achievement underscores the importance of multi-location observations in planetary defense efforts. Geomagnetic Superstorm Ganon's Impact on Earth's Plasma Sphere A recent study reveals how the geomagnetic superstorm Ganon dramatically compressed Earth's plasmasphere, reducing its size to just a fifth of its normal extent. This event, which occurred in May 2024, provides crucial insights into the effects of extreme space weather on our planet's protective layers. The findings will enhance solar storm forecasts and help safeguard satellites and communication systems during such events. Delays for the Dream Chaser Spaceplane Sierra Space's Dream Chaser spaceplane faces further delays, now expected to launch its first orbital flight in approximately a year. Originally designed for crew transport, the spacecraft is now slated for resupply missions to the International Space Station. Despite setbacks, recent tests have demonstrated its systems' readiness for future operations, although challenges remain as the ISS's operational life nears its end. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Earth Planets and Space Journal Journal of the American Chemical Society NASA Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Cosmic Speedsters: Unravelling Our Solar System's Surprising Velocity and Enceladus' Organic Secrets (00:00:46) Our solar system is moving faster than expected (00:04:38) Organic molecules discovered erupting from Saturn’s moon Enceladus (00:08:29) A new satellite launched to study Earth’s oceans (00:13:49) The Science Report (00:15:52) Alex on Tech In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking insights into Earth's mysteries and the cosmos beyond. Mysterious Structures in Earth's Mantle A new study reveals that enigmatic structures within Earth's mantle may hold vital clues about why our planet evolved the conditions necessary for life. These massive formations, known as large low shear velocity provinces and ultra low velocity zones, reside at the boundary between the mantle and outer core, approximately 2,900 kilometres beneath the surface. The research suggests these anomalies could be remnants of Earth's formative processes, providing a deeper understanding of how elements from the core influenced the planet's cooling, volcanic activity, and atmospheric evolution, ultimately setting Earth apart from Venus and Mars. Unprecedented View of the Milky Way Astronomers have achieved a remarkable new perspective of our home galaxy, the Milky Way, with the largest low-frequency radio image ever assembled. This extensive survey, conducted using the Murchison Wide Field Array radio telescope in Western Australia, captures the intricate birth, evolution, and demise of stars across the southern hemisphere. The new image, which boasts double the resolution and tenfold sensitivity compared to previous observations, offers valuable insights into stellar interactions and the cosmic landscape, revealing patterns in star formation and supernova remnants. Successful Return of Stranded Taikonauts In a significant development, the three Chinese taikonauts stranded in orbit after their Shenzhou 20 spacecraft was struck by space debris have safely returned to Earth aboard the Shenzhou 21 capsule. The crew's return marks the end of a six-month mission at the Tiangong space station, with their extended stay setting a new record for the longest duration in space for Chinese astronauts. The episode highlights the challenges of space travel and the rapid response by Beijing to ensure crew safety. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Geoscience Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia New England Journal of Medicine Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Cosmic Clues Beneath Us: The Mantle's Role in Life and the Milky Way Unveiled (00:00:47) Mysterious structures within Earth's mantle may hold clues to life (00:05:05) A new unprecedented view of the Milky Way Galaxy (00:12:36) Stranded Chinese taikonauts return safely to Earth (00:14:21) The Science Report (00:16:58) Skeptics guide to the return of the haunted doll. In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking insights into Earth's mysteries and the cosmos beyond. Mysterious Structures in Earth's Mantle A new study reveals that enigmatic structures within Earth's mantle may hold vital clues about why our planet evolved the conditions necessary for life. These massive formations, known as large low shear velocity provinces and ultra low velocity zones, reside at the boundary between the mantle and outer core, approximately 2,900 kilometres beneath the surface. The research suggests these anomalies could be remnants of Earth's formative processes, providing a deeper understanding of how elements from the core influenced the planet's cooling, volcanic activity, and atmospheric evolution, ultimately setting Earth apart from Venus and Mars. Unprecedented View of the Milky Way Astronomers have achieved a remarkable new perspective of our home galaxy, the Milky Way, with the largest low-frequency radio image ever assembled. This extensive survey, conducted using the Murchison Wide Field Array radio telescope in Western Australia, captures the intricate birth, evolution, and demise of stars across the southern hemisphere. The new image, which boasts double the resolution and tenfold sensitivity compared to previous observations, offers valuable insights into stellar interactions and the cosmic landscape, revealing patterns in star formation and supernova remnants. Successful Return of Stranded Taikonauts In a significant development, the three Chinese taikonauts stranded in orbit after their Shenzhou 20 spacecraft was struck by space debris have safely returned to Earth aboard the Shenzhou 21 capsule. The crew's return marks the end of a six-month mission at the Tiangong space station, with their extended stay setting a new record for the longest duration in space for Chinese astronauts. The episode highlights the challenges of space travel and the rapid response by Beijing to ensure crew safety. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Geoscience Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia New England Journal of Medicine Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Exploring Mars and Beyond: The Escapade Mission and the Expanding Mysteries of the Pleiades (00:00:43) NASA's ESCAPADE mission to Mars blasts off (00:10:00) The Pleiades prove to be far bigger than thought (00:14:05) Ending the debate over interstellar comet 3I-Atlas (00:17:05) The Science Report (00:19:39) Skeptics guide to talking to plants. In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest advancements in space exploration and cosmic discoveries that deepen our understanding of the universe. NASA's Escapade Mission Launches to Mars NASA has successfully launched its first dual satellite mission to Mars, the Escapade spacecraft, aboard Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket. This innovative mission aims to map the Martian magnetic field and atmosphere in three dimensions, providing crucial insights into how Mars lost its atmosphere and the conditions necessary for future human colonization. The twin probes, named Blue and Gold, will utilize a unique trajectory that allows for flexible launch windows, crucial for future resupply missions to Mars. The Pleiades Star Cluster: A Greater Cosmic Structure New research has revealed that the Pleiades star cluster is significantly larger than previously thought, forming the core of an expansive stellar complex that spans nearly 2,000 light years. This groundbreaking study combines data from multiple space missions, providing a clearer picture of the Pleiades' origins and its connection to other stellar groups, reshaping our understanding of star formation and migration across the galaxy. Debate Over Interstellar Comet 3I Atlas Continues The ongoing debate regarding the origins of interstellar comet 3I Atlas is addressed, as evidence increasingly supports its classification as a comet rather than an alien spacecraft. This segment explores the comet's characteristics, trajectory, and the scientific explanations behind its unusual features, reaffirming its status as a natural celestial object. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal NASA Reports University of California Research Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into remarkable discoveries that illuminate the origins of our planet and the cosmos beyond. Ancient Australian Rocks Shed Light on Earth's Origins Scientists have made significant strides in understanding the formation of Earth and the Moon through the analysis of 3.7 billion-year-old feldspar crystals from the Murchison region in Western Australia. This research reveals that continental growth began relatively late in Earth's history, around three and a half billion years ago, suggesting a shared composition between Earth and the Moon following a colossal impact event. The findings challenge existing theories about the timing of crustal development and provide new insights into the early geological processes that shaped our planet. Hints of a Possible Fifth Force in Nature A groundbreaking report has emerged, suggesting the potential existence of a fifth fundamental force of nature. Researchers have observed unexpected deviations in electron transitions among calcium isotopes, hinting at a new particle, the Yukawa boson. This discovery could reshape the standard model of particle physics and deepen our understanding of the universe's fundamental forces, as scientists continue to explore the mysteries of atomic interactions. Record-Breaking Ocean Waves Observed from Space In an astonishing revelation, satellites have recorded ocean waves reaching heights of nearly 20 metres, the largest ever measured from space. This episode explores how these massive waves, driven by storms, can carry destructive energy across vast distances, impacting coastlines far from the storm's origin. The findings not only validate existing wave models but also reveal new insights into the energy dynamics of ocean swells. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Communications Physical Review Letters Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest astronomical phenomena and significant discoveries that are shaping our understanding of Earth and space. Auroral Displays Light Up the Skies Planet Earth has been treated to an extraordinary display of auroras, with both the Aurora Australis and Aurora Borealis lighting up the skies following three powerful X-class solar flares, including an X 5.1 event on November 11. This segment dives into the mechanics behind these solar flares, the resulting coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and how they triggered spectacular auroras visible at lower latitudes than usual, including sightings as far north as Cairns and even Florida. Largest Modern Impact Crater Discovered Scientists have uncovered what is believed to be the largest modern impact crater on Earth, the 900-metre-wide Jinling Crater in southern China. This well-preserved structure, dating back to the Holocene epoch, offers new insights into extraterrestrial impacts and their effects on our planet. The discovery challenges previous assumptions about the frequency and scale of impacts from small celestial bodies and highlights the importance of studying such geological features. Nasa's Key Communications Dish Out of Service In a significant setback for NASA, the 70-metre Goldstone deep space communications dish has been rendered inoperable due to an accident that occurred in September. The incident has raised concerns about the strain on NASA's Deep Space Network, especially with upcoming missions like Artemis 2. We discuss the implications of this loss for various space missions and the efforts being made to mitigate the impact on communications. The Science Robert In our science report, we highlight a new projection from the World Meteorological Organisation indicating that 2025 is unlikely to be the hottest year on record, but it will rank among the top three. We also address public health concerns surrounding a measles alert in Australia, linked to declining vaccination rates, and the potential resurgence of preventable diseases. This segment underscores the importance of vaccination in maintaining herd immunity and protecting public health. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Geophysical Research Nature Communications World Meteorological Organisation Reports Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Cosmic Beginnings and Stellar Discoveries: Unveiling the First Stars and Secrets of the Moon (00:00:47) Have astronomers finally seen the universe’s first stars (00:04:06) Hidden secrets about the Moon and the asteroid Vesta (00:10:45) Euclid peers deep into a stellar nursery full of baby stars (00:16:05) The Science Report (00:18:09) Skeptics guide to flat earthers falling flat on their face again In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking findings that could reshape our understanding of the universe's early stars, the Moon's hidden secrets, and the asteroid Vesta's internal structure. First Stars Detected Astronomers may have finally glimpsed the universe's first stars, known as Population 3 stars, thanks to observations from NASA's Webb Space Telescope. These luminous giants, formed just 200 million years after the Big Bang, are believed to have ended the cosmic dark ages and initiated the epoch of reionisation. The episode delves into the significance of these findings, which suggest that these stars were formed in small clusters and exhibit extremely low metallicity, challenging previous theories about the early universe. Secrets of the Moon Revealed Two NASA studies have provided fascinating insights into the Moon's internal structure through advanced gravity modelling. By analysing data from the GRAIL mission, researchers have created the most detailed gravitational map of the Moon to date, revealing variations linked to tidal deformation. This research offers clues about the Moon's geological history and volcanic activity, particularly highlighting differences between the near and far sides of the Moon. New Insights into Asteroid Vesta In a parallel study, scientists examined the asteroid Vesta's structure using data from NASA's Dawn spacecraft. Contrary to earlier beliefs of a layered interior, new measurements suggest Vesta may have a more uniform composition, with only a small core, if any. This revelation challenges long-held assumptions about the formation and evolution of this ancient asteroid. Euclid Space Telescope's Stellar Nursery Observations The European Space Agency's Euclid Space Telescope has peered into the dark cloud LDN 1641, uncovering a vibrant stellar nursery filled with young stars. This segment discusses the significance of Euclid's observations, which not only aid in fine-tuning the telescope's capabilities but also contribute to our understanding of star formation and the cosmos. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters Nature Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Decelerating Cosmos and Solar Secrets: Unravelling Dark Energy and the Sun's Magnetic Dance (00:00:45) More confirmation that the Universe's expansion is slowing (00:08:53) First glimpse of the Sun’s polar magnetic field in motion (00:14:09) Space Weather events ramping up (00:18:24) The Science Report (00:20:29) Alex on Tech NEO the humanoid housekeeper In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore significant revelations about the universe's expansion, the Sun's magnetic field, and the current surge in solar weather activity. The Universe's Expansion Rate is Slowing A new study has confirmed that the universe's rate of expansion, which began after the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, is slowing down. This finding contradicts previous theories suggesting that the expansion was accelerating due to dark energy. We delve into the implications of this research, which indicates that dark energy may be evolving more rapidly than previously understood, potentially marking a paradigm shift in cosmology. The episode discusses various scenarios for the universe's future, including the Big Crunch, Steady State theory, Big Freeze, and Big Rip, and how these new observations could reshape our understanding of cosmic fate. First Glimpse of the Sun's Polar Magnetic Field Astronomers have captured their first detailed view of the Sun's polar magnetic field in motion, revealing unexpected rapid movements. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft has provided insights into the Sun's magnetic activity, which follows an 11-year cycle. This segment highlights the significance of the findings, which enhance our understanding of solar dynamics and the implications for space weather. Current Surge in Space Weather Events As the Sun reaches solar maximum, astronomers are observing increased solar storm activity, including multiple X-class and M-class solar flares. This segment discusses the effects of coronal mass ejections on Earth, including spectacular auroras and potential disruptions to technology and power grids. We explore the science behind solar flares and their impact on our planet, providing a comprehensive overview of current space weather conditions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Astrophysical Journal Letters Nature Geoscience Journal of the American Medical Association Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Galactic Influences and Supermoons: Exploring Earth's Crust and Taikonaut Trials (00:00:42) Earth's geology written in the stars (00:10:30) Taikonauts stranded in space following space junk impact (00:12:38) Biggest Supermoon of the year (00:14:59) The Science Report (00:17:20) Skeptics guide to jogging big foots In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into fascinating intersections of geology and astronomy that could reshape our understanding of Earth's history and the cosmos. Earth's Geology Written in the Stars A groundbreaking study reveals a compelling connection between the structure of our Milky Way galaxy and the evolution of Earth's crust. Researchers from Curtin University have found that meteorite impacts, influenced by the solar system's journey through the galaxy, have played a significant role in shaping our planet's geology. The episode explores how ancient zircon crystals are providing a unique archive of Earth's interactions with the galaxy, suggesting that astrophysical processes may have directly influenced the continents beneath our feet and the conditions that made life possible. Taikonaut Stranded in Space In a dramatic turn of events, three Chinese taikonauts are stranded in orbit after their Shenzhou 20 spacecraft was struck by suspected space junk just hours before their scheduled return to Earth. This segment discusses the implications of the impact, the ongoing assessments by mission managers, and the potential need for a replacement capsule to ensure the crew's safe return. The episode also reflects on past incidents involving space debris and the measures taken to protect the Tiangong Space Station. The Biggest Supermoon of the Year Skywatchers around the globe were treated to the biggest supermoon of the year, appearing 7% larger and 30% brighter than a typical full moon. This segment explains the science behind the phenomenon, including the moon's elliptical orbit and its impact on tides. We also discuss how the term "supermoon" became popularised and the frequency of such lunar events, with several more supermoons on the horizon. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review https://journals.aps.org/pr/ Nature https://www.nature.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Earth's Geology Written in the Stars Taikonaut Stranded in Space The Biggest Supermoon of the Year Earth's Geology Written in the StarsTaikonaut Stranded in SpaceThe Biggest Supermoon of the Year

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore remarkable discoveries and hypotheses that could redefine our understanding of planetary atmospheres and our journey back to the Moon. Phosphine Discovery in Brian Dwarf Wolf 1130C For the first time, astronomers have detected phosphine in the atmosphere of the brown dwarf Wolf 1130C, raising intriguing questions about its presence and the chemistry of such celestial bodies. This discovery, reported in the journal Science, highlights the significance of phosphorus as a potential biosignature for life and challenges previous theories regarding the abundance of phosphine in other brown dwarfs and gas giants. The episode delves into the implications of this finding and what it means for our understanding of phosphorus chemistry in the universe. A New Hypothesis for Planetary Water Formation A groundbreaking hypothesis suggests that some planets may produce water during their formation through reactions between rocks and hydrogen under extreme pressure. This new perspective, discussed in the journal Nature, could explain the presence of liquid water on exoplanets located close to their host stars, challenging traditional views of water's origins. The episode examines the laboratory experiments that led to this hypothesis and its potential impact on our understanding of planetary habitability. Preparing for Humanity's Return to the Moon As NASA gears up for the Artemis 2 mission, which aims to send humans around the Moon, we discuss the significance of returning to the lunar south pole. This area is believed to contain more water than any other region on the Moon, making it a crucial target for future exploration. The episode highlights the advancements in technology and international collaboration that will pave the way for a sustained human presence on the Moon, furthering our exploration of the solar system. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science https://www.sciencemag.org/ Nature https://www.nature.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Phosphine Discovery in Brian Dwarf Wolf 1130C A New Hypothesis for Planetary Water Formation Preparing for Humanity's Return to the Moon

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking astronomical discoveries that challenge our understanding of the universe. The Most Massive Stellar Black Hole Merger Ever Observed Astronomers have detected the most massive stellar black hole merger to date, cataloged as GW23 1123, which resulted in a black hole with a staggering mass of 225 times that of our Sun. This episode discusses the implications of this merger, observed by the LIGO Virgo Collaboration, and how it pushes the boundaries of current theories on black hole formation. The rapid spinning of the resulting black hole raises intriguing questions about the processes that lead to such massive objects in the cosmos. Unraveling the Mystery of Dark Matter Can radio telescopes and NASA's IMAP mission provide answers to the enigma of dark matter? New research suggests that during the cosmic dark ages, dark matter clumped together, pulling in hydrogen gas that emitted powerful radio waves. This segment explores how these signals could potentially illuminate the properties of dark matter, which remains one of the biggest mysteries in astrophysics. Navigating the Heliosphere with IMAP NASA's Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) is on a mission to study the heliosphere, the protective bubble created by the solar wind. As it travels towards its operational position, IMAP will provide unprecedented insights into the interactions between the solar wind and interstellar space, enhancing our understanding of space weather and its effects on our planet and future space exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. The Most Massive Stellar Black Hole Merger Ever Observed Unraveling the Mystery of Dark Matter Navigating the Heliosphere with IMAP

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore a trio of intriguing astronomical phenomena that are reshaping our understanding of the cosmos. Interstellar Comet 3I Atlas: A Close Encounter Interstellar comet 3I Atlas has reached its perihelion, passing closest to the Sun without any signs of alien life forms, despite wild media speculation. This episode discusses how the comet maintained its expected trajectory and velocity, while also revealing groundbreaking findings from NASA's Swift Space Telescope, which detected ultraviolet signatures of water from the comet, providing new insights into the chemistry of interstellar objects and their potential to harbour the building blocks of life. A Colossal Gas Bridge Between Dwarf Galaxies Astronomers have discovered a massive bridge of neutral hydrogen gas linking two dwarf galaxies, NGC 4532 and DDO 137, located approximately 53 million light years away. This remarkable structure spans an astonishing 185,000 light years and is accompanied by a vast tail of gas extending 1 million light years. The findings shed light on how galaxies interact and evolve, particularly in dense environments like the Virgo Cluster, and offer crucial insights into the dynamics of galactic gas and star formation. Volcanic Eruptions and Hidden Ice on Mars A new study suggests that explosive volcanic eruptions on ancient Mars may have transported water ice to the equatorial regions of the Red Planet. Using computer modelling, researchers propose that water vapour released during these eruptions could have frozen in the Martian atmosphere, leading to the accumulation of significant ice deposits. This discovery could have profound implications for future human exploration of Mars, as it raises questions about the availability of water resources in unexpected locations. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/naturecommunications/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Interstellar Comet 3I Atlas: A Close Encounter A Colossal Gas Bridge Between Dwarf Galaxies Volcanic Eruptions and Hidden Ice on Mars

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking discoveries that could reshape our understanding of life on Mars and the cosmos beyond. Martian Ice: A Potential Reservoir for Life A recent study suggests that Martian ice may be the most promising location to search for signs of ancient microbial life. Researchers found that biomolecules from dormant microbes degrade significantly slower in pure water ice compared to Martian soil mixtures. This discovery, published in the journal Astrobiology, raises hopes that future missions to Mars could uncover preserved organic materials in its icy regions, potentially revealing the planet's biological history. A Mysterious Dark Object in the Universe Astronomers have identified the lowest mass dark object ever detected, with a mass about a million times that of our Sun. This enigmatic object, reported in Nature Astronomy, may offer insights into the nature of dark matter, which constitutes a significant portion of the universe's mass. The object was detected through gravitational lensing, and its small size challenges existing theories about dark matter's composition and distribution. NASA's Call for Lunar Mission Bids NASA is seeking new bids for its Artemis Moon program, aiming to foster competition among American companies to return humans to the lunar surface. With ongoing delays from SpaceX, NASA Administrator Sean Duffy emphasizes the urgency of the mission as the U.S. races against China to achieve lunar exploration milestones. The upcoming Artemis missions promise to be pivotal in establishing a sustainable human presence on the Moon. November Skywatch with Jonathan Nally www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrobiology Journal https://www.liebertpub.com/journals/astrobiology/1 Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Martian Ice: A Potential Reservoir for Life A Mysterious Dark Object in the Universe NASA's Call for Lunar Mission Bids

(00:00:00) Lunar Relics and Interstellar Insights: Discoveries from the Moon and Comet 3I ATLAS (00:00:46) Relics of the outer solar system discovered on the Moon (00:03:30) Insights from interstellar comet 3I ATLAS (00:07:31) SpaceX's Starship Mega rocket test flight (00:23:54) The Science report (00:31:46) Episode Wrap In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore remarkable discoveries that provide new insights into our solar system and beyond. Relics of the Outer Solar System Found on the Moon A groundbreaking study reveals that meteorites found on the Moon originated from the outer solar system. Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have identified olivine-bearing clasts from lunar regolith collected by the Chang'e 6 mission. These relics, believed to be carbonaceous chondrites, offer critical information about the formation and evolution of planets. The findings suggest that the Moon serves as a pristine archive for meteorites, with implications for understanding the origins of lunar water and organic materials. Interstellar Comet 3I ATLAS: Insights into Alien Solar Systems The interstellar comet 3I ATLAS is revealing fascinating details about the composition of other solar systems. New observations indicate that 3I ATLAS has been active longer than expected, releasing various molecules as it travels through our solar system. This segment discusses how the comet's behavior challenges existing assumptions about comet activity and provides clues about the materials present in distant star systems. SpaceX's Starship Mega Rocket Test Flight SpaceX has successfully completed its 11th test flight of the Starship Mega rocket, demonstrating significant advancements in its design and capabilities. The mission involved various maneuvers, including hot staging and payload deployment, as well as tests of the spacecraft's reentry and landing procedures. This episode highlights the importance of these tests for future missions to the Moon and Mars, as SpaceX continues to refine the Starship for interplanetary travel. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/ Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Relics of the Outer Solar System Found on the Moon Interstellar Comet 3I ATLAS: Insights into Alien Solar Systems SpaceX's Starship Mega Rocket Test Flight

(00:00:00) Near Miss and Cosmic Spectacles: Asteroids, Comets, and Space Junk in Earth's Orbit (00:00:46) Planet Earth experiences as asteroid near miss (00:02:58) Two green comets lighting up the night skies (00:07:31) Chinese space junk smashes into Western Australia (00:09:09) The Science Report (00:12:07) Skeptics guide to the magic healing Biomet (00:15:15) Show Wrap-up In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into a series of astonishing astronomical events that recently unfolded, including a near-miss asteroid and mesmerizing comets lighting up our night skies. Asteroid 2025 TF: A Close Encounter An undetected asteroid, now designated 2025 TF, made a startling pass just 428 kilometers above Earth, equivalent to the altitude of the International Space Station. Detected by astronomers from Kitt Peak National Observatory six hours post-approach, this 3-meter space rock serves as a reminder of the many near misses that may go unnoticed. This episode discusses the implications of such encounters and the ongoing efforts to enhance planetary defense against potential threats. Green Comets Illuminate the Night Sky Skywatchers have been treated to the rare sight of two vibrant green comets, C 2025 R2 Swann and C 2025 A6 Lemon, both originating from the Oort Cloud. As they approach the sun, these comets are heating up and releasing gases, creating their characteristic tails. This segment explores their trajectories, visibility, and the exciting opportunity they present for amateur astronomers, particularly as they coincide with the annual Orionid meteor shower. Chinese Space Junk Crash in Australia In a dramatic turn of events, debris from the Chinese Jielong 3 rocket has been discovered smoldering in Western Australia's outback. This segment details the recovery of the wreckage and the ongoing investigation by the Australian Space Agency. The incident raises concerns over space debris management, especially in light of previous accidents involving Chinese spacecraft. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomy and Astrophysics https://www.aanda.org/ Geophysical Research Letters https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19448007 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Asteroid 2025 TF: A Close Encounter Green Comets Illuminate the Night Sky Chinese Space Junk Crash in Australia

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the latest findings in Martian meteorology, delve into Earth's ancient tectonic activity, and prepare for humanity's return to the Moon. Raging Winds on Mars: Unveiling Martian Weather Patterns A groundbreaking study published in the journal Science Advances reveals that wind speeds on Mars can reach up to 160 km/h, significantly higher than earlier estimates. Lead author Valentin U.H. Meckel from the University of Bern discusses how these powerful winds, along with dust devils, play a crucial role in shaping Mars' climate and dust distribution. This episode explores how the observations from the European Space Agency’s Mars Express and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter have provided unprecedented insights into Martian atmospheric dynamics, which are essential for planning future manned missions to the Red Planet. Unlocking Earth's Deep Past: New Insights into Subduction In a surprising twist to our understanding of early Earth, a new study published in Nature Communications suggests that subduction and continental crust formation occurred much earlier than previously believed. Researchers utilized advanced geochemical analysis of ancient olivine crystals to challenge the notion of a stagnant lid tectonic regime during the Hadean eon. This episode discusses the implications of these findings on our understanding of Earth's geological history and the processes that shaped our planet's surface. NASA's Artemis II: Preparing for Lunar Exploration NASA is set to send astronauts back to the Moon with the Artemis II mission, slated for launch in early 2026. This episode provides an overview of the mission's objectives, including a ten-day crewed flyby of the Moon, which will test the Orion spacecraft and gather crucial scientific data. As the crew prepares to explore the lunar far side, we discuss the significance of this mission for future lunar habitation and potential manned missions to Mars. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Raging Winds on Mars: Unveiling Martian Weather Patterns Unlocking Earth's Deep Past: New Insights into Subduction NASA's Artemis II: Preparing for Lunar Exploration (00:00) Wind speeds on Mars and their implications (12:45) New findings on early Earth's tectonic activity (21:15) NASA's Artemis II mission overview (30:00) Science report: Octopus handedness and air pollution effects on sleep apnea

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries that reshape our understanding of Mars, the Moon, and the Milky Way Galaxy. Ancient Oceans on Mars: Geological Evidence Revealed A new study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters presents compelling geological evidence that Mars' Northern Hemisphere was once home to a vast ocean. Lead author Chris from the University of Arkansas discusses how comparisons between river rocks on Earth and Martian sediment reveal ancient river deltas and backwater zones, suggesting that liquid water flowed on the Red Planet, increasing the possibility of past life. This episode delves into the processes of sedimentation and erosion that shaped Mars' landscape, providing insights into its watery past. The Moon's South Pole-Aitken Basin: Unveiling Impact Mysteries A fresh analysis of the Moon's largest impact crater, the South Pole-Aitken Basin, sheds light on its formation and the Moon's geological history. Researchers have discovered that this massive crater's shape indicates an impact from the north, challenging previous assumptions. As the Artemis missions prepare to land near this basin, they will have the opportunity to study material excavated from the lunar interior, potentially unlocking secrets about the Moon's evolution and the asymmetries in its crust. Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope: Mapping the Milky Way NASA's upcoming Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope is set to revolutionise our understanding of the Milky Way's interstellar medium. This mission will map around 20 billion stars, using infrared light to penetrate the dust clouds obscuring our view. Chief investigator Catherine Zucker explains how this data will refine our models of star formation and the galaxy's structure, while also addressing the ongoing mysteries of galactic spiral patterns and their role in star birth. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Geophysical Research Letters https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19448007 Nature https://www.nature.com/nature NASA Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Ancient Oceans on Mars: Geological Evidence Revealed The Moon's South Pole-Aitken Basin: Unveiling Impact Mysteries Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope: Mapping the Milky Way (00:00) Evidence of ancient oceans on Mars (10:15) New insights into the Moon's largest impact crater (19:30) The upcoming Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope mission (27:00) Science Robert: Heatwaves and their impact on global mortality

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the intriguing world of near-Earth asteroids, the evolution of our universe, and the remarkable discovery of a rogue planet experiencing unprecedented growth. Invisible Asteroids Near Venus: A Hidden Threat Recent computer simulations published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics have raised alarms about a population of near-Earth asteroids that remain undetectable due to their proximity to Venus. These Venusian co-orbital asteroids, which share an orbital resonance with Venus, could pose a collision risk to Earth within a few thousand years. The study's lead author, Valerio Carumba, explains the challenges of observing these asteroids, as they are obscured by the Sun's glare. With a size of around 300 metres, these asteroids could create impact craters several kilometres wide, highlighting the need for dedicated space missions to monitor this potential threat. The Universe's Evolution: New Insights from the Epoch of Reionization Astronomers have made significant strides in understanding the universe's early days, revealing that it was warmer than previously thought before the first stars ignited. Research based on observations from the Murchison Wide Field Array in Western Australia indicates that the gas between galaxies was heated around 800 million years after the Big Bang, contradicting earlier theories of a cold universe. This heating, likely driven by early X-ray sources, set the stage for the epoch of reionization, which transformed the cosmos from opaque to transparent, allowing light to travel freely. A Richie Planet's Remarkable Growth Spurt In a groundbreaking discovery, astronomers have identified a rogue planet, catalogued as char 11 oh 7 minus 7626, that is not bound to any star and is growing at an astonishing rate of 6 billion tonnes of gas and dust per second. Located approximately 600 light years away in the constellation Chameleon, this planet challenges conventional notions of planetary stability. Observations reveal that its accretion rate fluctuates dramatically, highlighting the dynamic processes at play in the formation of rogue planets and blurring the lines between planets and stars. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomy and Astrophysics https://www.aanda.org/ Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Invisible Asteroids Near Venus: A Hidden Threat The Universe's Evolution: New Insights from the Epoch of Reionization A Richie Planet's Remarkable Growth Spurt (00:00) The threat posed by invisible asteroids near Venus (10:30) New findings on the universe's warm early phase (19:00) Discovery of a rogue planet growing at record rates (27:15) Science Robert: 2025 Nobel Prize announcements

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the latest revelations in astrophysics, including the intriguing prospect of supermassive dark stars, Australia's ambitious lunar rover mission, and fresh insights into the formation of our solar system. Supermassive Dark Stars: A New Cosmic Discovery Astronomers have identified potential candidates for a new type of star in the early universe, known as supermassive dark stars. Recent observations from the Webb Space Telescope suggest that these stars, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, are supported against gravitational collapse by dark matter. This episode delves into how these dark stars could help explain the existence of supermassive black holes and the unexpectedly bright distant galaxies observed by Webb. With the possibility of a smoking gun signature in their spectra, the implications of this discovery could reshape our understanding of dark matter and stellar evolution. Australia's Lunar Rover Mission: A Step Towards the Moon Work is underway on Australia's first lunar rover, set to launch as part of NASA's Artemis programme. This 20-kilogram robotic vehicle, developed by the Queensland University of Technology, will explore lunar geology and contribute to establishing a sustainable human presence on the Moon. The episode covers the rover's design, mission objectives, and the collaborative efforts between Australian institutions and NASA to advance lunar exploration. Piecing Together the Early Solar System New research published in Science Advances reveals that the early solar system was more chaotic than previously thought, with planets forming from recycled fragments of shattered bodies rather than pristine materials. This episode discusses the violent origins of our solar system and how high-energy collisions influenced the development of planetary cores, ultimately shaping the celestial bodies we know today. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/ Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Supermassive Dark Stars: A New Cosmic Discovery Australia's Lunar Rover Mission: A Step Towards the Moon Piecing Together the Early Solar System (00:00) The potential discovery of supermassive dark stars (10:15) Australia's new lunar rover mission details (18:45) New findings on the chaotic origins of the solar system (25:30) Skywatch for October: Meteor showers and celestial highlights

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the fascinating findings from Saturn's icy moon Enceladus, discuss delays in the Dream Chaser spaceplane's launch schedule, and celebrate NASA's breakthroughs in laser communications for deep space missions. Enceladus: Unveiling Complex Chemistry Recent discoveries reported in the journal Nature Astronomy reveal that Saturn's moon Enceladus is spewing complex organic molecules from its subsurface ocean. Data collected by the Cassini spacecraft during its mission has unveiled fresh insights into the chemical reactions occurring in this hidden ocean. The presence of organic molecules, including precursors for amino acids, raises the possibility that Enceladus may have once harboured conditions suitable for life. This episode explores how these findings could inform future missions aimed at further investigating Enceladus and its potential habitability. Dream Chaser Spaceplane: A Delay in Launch Sierra Space has announced that their Dream Chaser spaceplane's first free flight demonstration has been pushed back to late 2026. Originally designed as a manned spacecraft, Dream Chaser will now serve as a cargo transport for NASA's Commercial Resupply Services, delivering supplies to the International Space Station. The episode discusses the spaceplane's unique design, its cargo capabilities, and the future of its missions, including plans for a fully operational crewed version. Nasa's Optical Deep Space Laser Communications Success NASA's new Optical Deep Space Laser Communications project has surpassed all technical goals, paving the way for high-speed communications for future crewed missions to Mars. The technology, which successfully transmitted data over vast distances, demonstrated data rates comparable to broadband Internet services. This breakthrough enables faster communication for astronauts and could revolutionise data transmission in deep space. Tune in to learn more about the technology behind this ambitious project and its implications for future space exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy NASA Dream Chaser https://www.nasa.gov/dreamchaser NASA Optical Deep Space Laser Communications https://www.nasa.gov/lasercom Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Enceladus: Unveiling Complex Chemistry Dream Chaser Spaceplane: A Delay in Launch NASA's Optical Deep Space Laser Communications Success (00:00) The Dream Chaser spaceplane set for another delay (00:48) Scientists have discovered new complex organic molecules spewing from Saturn's Enceladus (09:41) NASA says new optical Deep Space Laser communications project has exceeded all technical goals (17:29) Around a quarter of all press releases in the United States are probably AI generated (19:23) Companies failing to secure AI agents is causing security risks, warns expert (20:27) Gary Stuart says AI agents can be hacked and should be treated like humans

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the future of our universe, the latest advancements in mapping our Milky Way, and the pivotal role fungi played in the evolution of life on land. The Universe's Fate: A Big Crunch in 20 Billion Years A groundbreaking study published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics reveals that the universe is approaching the midpoint of its 33 billion-year lifespan and may end in approximately 20 billion years. Lead author Henry Tighe from Cornell University presents new data suggesting that the universe's cosmological constant may be negative, leading to a contraction and eventual collapse—a phenomenon referred to as the "big crunch." This research, based on observations from the Dark Energy Survey and the dark energy spectroscopic instrument DESI, challenges long-held beliefs about the universe's eternal expansion and opens new avenues for understanding cosmic evolution. Mapping the Milky Way: Gaia's 3D View The European Space Agency's Gaia Space Telescope has unveiled the most precise three-dimensional map of star-forming regions within our Milky Way galaxy. By analysing data from 44 million stars, Gaia has provided insights into the obscured molecular clouds where new stars are born. This innovative mapping technique allows astronomers to understand the distribution of ionised gas and the dynamics of star formation, offering a fresh perspective on our galaxy's structure and the processes that shape it. Fungi: The Pioneers of Terrestrial Life A recent study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution has identified that fungi played a crucial role in preparing Earth for life on land between 900 million and 1.4 billion years ago—much earlier than previously thought. Researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology utilised a novel gene swap method to trace the evolution of fungi, suggesting that these organisms were instrumental in creating the first ecosystems and nutrient recycling processes that facilitated the emergence of terrestrial life. This discovery reframes our understanding of the timeline for life on Earth and highlights the importance of fungi in shaping our planet's biosphere. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia Nature Ecology and Evolution https://www.nature.com/newe Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. The Universe's Fate: A Big Crunch in 20 Billion Years Mapping the Milky Way: Gaia's 3D View Fungi: The Pioneers of Terrestrial Life

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the intriguing potential for life on the dwarf planet Ceres, explore NASA's latest mission to study the heliosphere, and celebrate the achievements of the University of Melbourne's Spirit Nanosat. Ceres: A Potentially Habitable World? Recent research published in Science Advances suggests that Ceres, currently a frigid and frozen world, may have once harboured conditions suitable for life. By modelling the planet's thermal and chemical history, scientists propose that Ceres could have sustained a long-lasting energy source, allowing for microbial metabolism. While there's no direct evidence of life, the findings indicate that Ceres had the necessary ingredients—water, carbon, and chemical energy—that could have supported single-celled organisms in its ancient past. Nasa's New Heliospheric Mission NASA has launched the Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) to investigate the heliosphere, the magnetic bubble surrounding our solar system. This mission aims to enhance our understanding of solar wind and its interactions with interstellar particles, which are crucial for assessing space weather impacts on Earth. IMAP will operate alongside the Carruthers Geocorona Observatory and NOAA's Swifo L1 spacecraft, contributing to a comprehensive study of our solar environment. Spirit Nanosat's Milestone Achievement The University of Melbourne's Spirit nanosatellite has successfully completed its initial mission phase, deploying its thermal management system and taking a selfie in space. Launched in December 2023, Spirit is equipped with a miniaturised gamma-ray detector to search for gamma-ray bursts, marking a significant advancement in small satellite technology and scientific exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv NASA IMAP Mission https://www.nasa.gov/imap University of Melbourne Spirit Nanosatellite https://www.unimelb.edu.au/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-your-guide-to-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Ceres: A Potentially Habitable World? NASA's New Heliospheric Mission Spirit Nanosat's Milestone Achievement (00:00) New study claims the dwarf planet Ceres could once have been habitable enough for life (05:14) The Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe will study the heliosphere (15:58) New study finds tropical fish are colonising new habitats because of ocean warming (18:07) Khloe Kardashian reportedly claims she's seen UFOs and experienced paranormal activity

(00:00:00) Mercury's Shrinking Secrets: Insights into the Solar System's Smallest Planet (00:00:43) Mercury's Ongoing Shrinkage (00:03:11) NASA's Carruthers Geocorona Observatory (00:11:52) Insights from Martian Meteorite NWA 16254 (00:14:23) Tech News In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing dynamics of Mercury's shrinking size, embark on a mission to unveil Earth's elusive exosphere, and uncover the secrets of ancient volcanic activity on Mars. Mercury's Ongoing Shrinkage Recent research published in AGU Advances reveals that Mercury continues to shrink as it cools, a process that has been ongoing since its formation 4.6 billion years ago. Scientists have estimated that the planet's radius has contracted by between 2.7 to 5.6 kilometres due to cooling-induced faulting. This study employs new methods to provide a more accurate understanding of Mercury's long-term thermal history, which could also be applied to other planetary bodies, including Mars. NASA's Carruthers Geocorona Observatory NASA has launched the Carruthers Geocorona Observatory to study Earth's invisible halo, the exosphere. This mission aims to capture the first continuous observations of the Geocorona, revealing the dynamics of hydrogen atoms escaping into space. Understanding the exosphere's response to solar activity is crucial for predicting space weather events that could affect astronauts on missions to the Moon and beyond. The observatory will provide insights into how Earth retains water and may even aid in the search for exoplanets with similar atmospheric conditions. Insights from Martian Meteorite NWA 16254 A meteorite discovered in the Zaharov Desert is shedding light on Mars's ancient volcanic systems. The rock, classified as NWA 16254, offers unprecedented insights into the planet's magmatic processes, indicating a two-stage crystallisation process that occurred under varying pressure conditions. This discovery could help scientists understand Mars's thermal history and its volcanic evolution over billions of years, raising questions about the planet's past and its potential for hosting life. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References AGU Advances https://agu.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23337380 NASA Geocorona Observatory https://www.nasa.gov/ Planetary Science Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2632-3338 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Mercury's Ongoing Shrinkage NASA's Carruthers Geocorona Observatory Insights from Martian Meteorite NWA 16254

(00:00:00) Stardust from Beyond: Unveiling the Secrets of Asteroid Bennu and Saturn's Mysteries (00:00:47) Scientists have discovered minerals older than our solar system embedded in asteroid Bennu (00:10:22) Scientists using NASA's Webb telescope have uncovered mysterious features in Saturn's atmosphere (00:14:58) NASA's Parker Solar Probe completes 25th close approach to the sun (00:17:27) The Science Report In this episode of Space Time, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries that challenge our understanding of the cosmos. Join Stuart Gary as he discusses the astonishing findings from the asteroid Bennu, revealing minerals older than our solar system itself. Delve into the unexpected features observed in Saturn's atmosphere and learn about the Parker Solar Probe's close flyby of the Sun. This episode is packed with insights that could reshape our knowledge of planetary formation and cosmic history. Chapters: (00:00) This is space time series 28 episode 117 for broadcast on 29 September 2025 (00:47) Scientists have discovered minerals older than our solar system embedded in asteroid Bennu (10:13) Scientists using NASA's Webb telescope have uncovered mysterious features in Saturn's atmosphere (14:59) NASA's Parker Solar Probe completes 25th close approach to the sun (17:41) A widely reported study on apple cider vinegar and weight loss has been retracted Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the cosmos to uncover the secrets of the early universe, explore the potential for black hole atmospheres, and examine the intriguing history of habitability on Mars, alongside the launch of a new deep space antenna by the European Space Agency. Mysterious Red Dots in the Early Universe Astronomers have identified a population of enigmatic red dots in the early universe, potentially representing exotic stellar atmospheres around ancient black holes. These findings, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, could bridge the gap in understanding the rapid growth of supermassive black holes. The Webb Space Telescope's observations suggest these objects might be a new class of celestial body, challenging existing models of galaxy formation and offering insights into the origins of galaxies. Multiple Episodes of Habitability on Mars NASA's Perseverance rover has provided compelling evidence that Mars's Jezero Crater experienced multiple episodes of liquid water flooding, each capable of supporting life. By analysing geochemical data, scientists have identified various minerals that reveal a dynamic history of volcanic activity and water interactions, suggesting a complex aqueous past that could have fostered life on the Red Planet. European Space Agency's New Deep Space Dish The European Space Agency is set to inaugurate its latest Australian deep space antenna at the Norcia tracking station in Western Australia. This 35-metre parabolic dish will enhance ESA's deep space communications capabilities, supporting missions and ensuring robust data transmission from spacecraft exploring our solar system. The new facility complements ESA's existing network of antennas worldwide, reinforcing their commitment to deep space exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomy and Astrophysics https://www.aanda.org/ Journal of Geophysical Research Planets https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21699356 European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Mysterious Red Dots in the Early Universe Multiple Episodes of Habitability on Mars European Space Agency's New Deep Space Dish

In this episode of SpaceTime, we celebrate a major milestone in exoplanet discoveries, unravel the enigmatic surface of Venus, and delve into the intriguing tale of interstellar comet 3I ATLAS. Exoplanet Count Surpasses 6,000 Astronomers have reached an impressive milestone, confirming their 6,000th exoplanet, a testament to the rapid pace of discoveries since the first detection of an exoplanet in 1995. This milestone not only highlights the evolving understanding of our galaxy but also raises questions about the myriad of planetary types discovered, from rocky planets to gas giants. While the hunt for Earth-like planets continues, the methods employed to discover these distant worlds remain a challenge, with fewer than 100 exoplanets directly imaged to date. The future holds promise with upcoming missions, including NASA's Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope, which aims to further uncover the secrets of our cosmic neighbourhood. Decoding Venus's Mysterious Surface Scientists are making strides in understanding the peculiar features of Venus, particularly the crown-like structures known as coronae. A new study suggests these features may be the result of magma plumes attempting to break through the planet's crust. By mapping the paths of these magmatic bursts, researchers are shedding light on Venus's geological history and its stark contrast to Earth, despite their similarities in size and formation. The findings could help explain why Venus has become a hellish environment, devoid of life, while Earth thrives. Interstellar Comet 3I ATLAS Astronomers have captured stunning new images of interstellar comet 3I ATLAS, revealing a prominent tail and glowing coma as it journeys through the inner solar system. These observations provide valuable insights into the comet's composition and behaviour, suggesting that it shares similarities with comets originating from our own solar system. As 3I ATLAS approaches the Sun, its increasing activity offers a unique opportunity for scientists to study material that formed around distant stars. The comet is expected to re-emerge in November, promising further observations and discoveries. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References NASA Exoplanet Science Institute https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/ Gemini Observatory https://www.gemini.edu/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Exoplanet Count Surpasses 6,000 Decoding Venus's Mysterious Surface Interstellar Comet 3I ATLAS

In this episode of SpaceTime, we tackle the mysteries of the cosmos with a new mathematical model of the universe and ponder the age-old question: are we alone in the universe? New Model of the Universe Scientists have unveiled a groundbreaking mathematical model aimed at simplifying our understanding of the universe's evolution over the past 13.8 billion years. This innovative research, based on data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), offers fresh insights into the cosmic web's structure, revealing how dark energy influences cosmic expansion. Lead author Leonardo Gianni from the University of Queensland discusses how this model challenges existing paradigms and provides a clearer picture of the universe's complex behaviour, including the impact of voids and collapsing regions of matter. Are We Alone? A new study presented at the European Planetary Science Congress raises intriguing questions about the existence of intelligent alien civilizations. Researchers estimate that the nearest technological society in our galaxy could be over 33,000 light years away, with conditions on their home planets potentially mirroring those of Earth. The study highlights the challenges of sustaining advanced life and the long timelines required for such civilizations to coexist with humanity. Partial Solar Eclipse Today, a partial solar eclipse graced the skies over New Zealand, the South Pacific, and parts of Australia and Antarctica. As the Moon passed between the Earth and the Sun, observers witnessed a stunning celestial display with up to 70% of the Sun's face obscured. This remarkable event serves as a reminder of the intricate dance of celestial bodies that shape our night sky. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/ European Planetary Science Congress https://www.epsc2025.eu/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. New Model of the Universe Are We Alone? Partial Solar Eclipse New Model of the UniverseAre We Alone?Partial Solar Eclipse

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the thrilling prospects of observing exploding black holes, an astonishing stellar jet on the outskirts of the Milky Way, and the meticulous preparations for an Earth observation satellite mission. Exploding Black Holes on the Horizon A groundbreaking study suggests that astronomers may soon witness a black hole explosion, an event theorised to occur once every 100,000 years. Researchers now believe there’s a 90% chance of observing such an explosion within the next decade, potentially revealing primordial black holes formed shortly after the Big Bang. These explosions could provide a comprehensive catalogue of all subatomic particles, including those yet to be discovered, fundamentally altering our understanding of the universe's origins. Immense Stellar Jet Discovered Astronomers have identified a colossal stellar jet erupting from a young star in the Milky Way's outskirts, specifically in the Sharpless 2284 region. This rare phenomenon involves twin jets of hot plasma extending over eight light years, driven by superheated gases falling onto the massive star. Captured by NASA's Webb Space Telescope, this discovery not only sheds light on star formation but also offers insights into the conditions of the early universe. Preparing for Earth Observation The European Space Agency is conducting rigorous tests for a future Earth observation satellite mission, including an airborne campaign in the Arctic. Scientists are evaluating a new imaging microwave radiometer designed to monitor sea ice and its evolution. This mission aims to gather vital data on climate change and the Arctic environment, contributing to a better understanding of global phenomena. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Exploding Black Holes on the Horizon Immense Stellar Jet Discovered Preparing for Earth Observation

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the secrets of ancient geology, explore the watery past of an asteroid, and delve into the origins of globular clusters. Supercontinent Breakup Revealed Scientists have made significant strides in understanding the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia, which occurred over 800 million years ago. Research conducted on rare minerals in Outback Australia has revealed how niobium-rich carbonatites rose through fault zones during tectonic rifting, providing insights into the geological processes that shaped our planet. These findings not only illuminate the history of Rodinia but also highlight the importance of niobium in modern technologies, such as electric vehicles and advanced alloys. Water Activity on Asteroid Richie Exciting new research confirms that liquid water once flowed on the parent body of the near-Earth asteroid Richie, challenging previous assumptions about water activity on asteroids. Analysis of rock samples returned by Japan's Hayabusa2 mission has shown evidence of water movement through Ryugu's rocks, indicating that carbon-rich asteroids may have played a more significant role in delivering water to Earth than previously thought. This discovery has profound implications for our understanding of planetary formation and the conditions that made Earth habitable. Origins of Globular Clusters Astronomers are closer to solving the mystery of globular clusters, dense stellar systems that have puzzled scientists for centuries. Recent high-resolution computer simulations have revealed multiple pathways for their formation, suggesting that some may originate from satellite dwarf galaxies stripped of their outer stars during galactic mergers. This breakthrough could lead to new insights into dark matter and the formation of the universe's earliest stars. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Geological Magazine https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/tgeo20 Nature https://www.nature.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Supercontinent Breakup Revealed Water Activity on Asteroid Richie Origins of Globular Clusters

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking discoveries on Mars, the intriguing atmosphere of Makemake, and the awe-inspiring total lunar eclipse that captivated millions. Potential Biosignatures on Mars NASA scientists have revealed that samples collected by the Perseverance rover from Jezero Crater may hold the best chance yet of uncovering evidence of past microbial life. The samples, taken from the rock formation known as Chiava Falls, exhibit characteristics that could indicate potential biosignatures. These findings suggest that Mars may have been habitable for longer than previously thought, challenging earlier assumptions about the planet's history. Atmosphere Discovered on Makemake In a remarkable discovery, astronomers have detected indications of a methane gas atmosphere on the distant dwarf planet Makemake. This finding, made using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, suggests the presence of a tenuous atmosphere or possibly cryovolcanic activity. Makemake, which resides in the Kuiper Belt, is now only the second known trans-Neptunian object, after Pluto, to have confirmed gaseous presence, revealing its dynamic nature and potential for active geology. Total Lunar Eclipse A stunning total lunar eclipse has mesmerised observers across Australia, Europe, Africa, and Asia. This celestial event transformed the full moon into a blood-red spectacle as Earth’s shadow obscured it. The eclipse lasted over five hours, showcasing the beauty of orbital mechanics and providing a thrilling experience for stargazers. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature https://www.nature.com/ Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Potential Biosignatures on Mars Atmosphere Discovered on Makemake Total Lunar Eclipse

Sponsor Details: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Insta360. Capture your adventures with their latest game-changer, the GOUltra. For a special SpaceTime listener offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout. Help support SpaceTime and get a great deal. Win/win! In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore fascinating insights into the origins of Earth's water, the launch of Israel's advanced spy satellite, and the development of a groundbreaking high-energy rocket fuel. About Earth's Water Origins Recent findings suggest that the water in Comet 12P Pons-Brooks shares the same isotopic signature as Earth's oceans, bolstering the hypothesis that comets played a vital role in delivering water and essential ingredients for life to our planet. Observations from the Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimeter Array telescope reveal that the deuterium to hydrogen ratio in the comet's water is remarkably similar to that found in Earth's oceans, providing compelling evidence that some Halley-type comets may have contributed to making Earth habitable. Israel's New Spy Satellite Launch Israel has successfully launched its Ofek 19 surveillance satellite to monitor terrorist activities across the Middle East. The satellite, equipped with advanced optical and radar systems, is designed to provide high-resolution imagery under various conditions. This launch comes amid ongoing tensions in the region, as Israel seeks to enhance its intelligence capabilities in response to recent attacks. Revolutionary High-Energy Rocket Fuel Scientists have synthesised a new high-energy compound, manganese diboride, which could revolutionise rocket fuel efficiency. This innovative fuel is over 20% more energetic by weight and 150% more energetic by volume than traditional aluminium-based fuels. The safety and efficiency of manganese diboride may significantly enhance payload capacities for space missions, paving the way for more ambitious exploration efforts. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/nature-astronomy/ Journal of the American Chemical Society https://pubs.acs.org/journal/jacsat Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Nigel About Earth's Water Origins Israel's New Spy Satellite Launch Revolutionary High-Energy Rocket Fuel

Sponsor Details: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Insta360. Capture your adventures with their latest game-changer, the GOUltra. For a special SpaceTime listener offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout. Help support SpaceTime and get a great deal. Win/win! In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into some astounding revelations in solar physics and planetary science, including the extreme temperatures of solar flares, new insights into the formation of Jupiter's core, and the tantalising possibility of life evolving on nearby exoplanets. Solar Flares Hotter Than Ever Imagined Recent research has revealed that solar flares can reach temperatures exceeding 60 million degrees Celsius, a staggering six and a half times hotter than previously believed. This groundbreaking finding, published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, may provide answers to a long-standing mystery regarding solar flare spectral lines. The study suggests that positively charged particles, or ions, are heated more intensely than electrons during these explosive events, leading to a significant revision of our understanding of solar flare dynamics. New Insights into Jupiter's Core Formation A new study challenges previous theories regarding the formation of Jupiter's core, suggesting that a giant impact may not be responsible for the planet's dilute core structure. Instead, it appears that Jupiter's core formed gradually through the absorption of heavy and light materials during its evolution. This revelation, supported by advanced computer simulations, indicates that the core does not have a distinct boundary but rather blends smoothly into the surrounding hydrogen layers, reshaping our understanding of gas giant formation. Could Life Thrive on Nearby Exoplanets? Exciting new research posits that life may be evolving right now on some of Earth's nearest exoplanets, despite the high levels of radiation they receive. Scientists have drawn parallels between the harsh conditions on these exoplanets and early Earth, where life first emerged amidst extreme ultraviolet radiation. This research highlights the potential for habitability on planets like Proxima b, igniting further interest in the search for extraterrestrial life. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://academic.oup.com/mnras Cornell University https://www.cornell.edu/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Solar Flares Hotter Than Ever Imagined New Insights into Jupiter's Core Formation Could Life Thrive on Nearby Exoplanets?

Sponsor Details: This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Insta360. Capture your adventures with their latest game-changer, the GOUltra. For a special SpaceTime listener offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout. Help support SpaceTime and get a great deal. Win/win! In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries in planetary science and solar physics, including the remnants of ancient asteroids on Mars, the recovery of the Mother's Day meteorite, and new insights into solar energetic particles. Asteroid Remnants Found in Martian Mantle A new study reveals that fragments from ancient asteroids, which significantly impacted Mars around 4.5 billion years ago, are now trapped within the planet's mantle. Data from NASA's Mars Insight lander has provided unprecedented insights into the Martian interior, showing that these remnants, some up to four kilometres wide, offer a unique glimpse into Mars' geological history. The findings suggest a sluggish evolution of the Martian mantle, contrasting sharply with Earth's dynamic tectonic processes. Mother's Day Meteorite Discovery In an exciting expedition, scientists from Curtin University have successfully recovered a meteorite that lit up the skies over Western Australia on Mother's Day. Using the Desert Fireball Network, researchers pinpointed the meteor's landing site and undertook a challenging journey to retrieve samples. Preliminary analysis indicates that the meteorite is an ordinary chondrite, providing valuable insights into its origins and the solar system's history. Tracing Super Fast Electrons from the Sun Astronomers have identified two distinct origins for energetic particles emitted by the Sun, thanks to observations from the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter mission. The research highlights the difference between solar energetic electrons linked to solar flares and those associated with coronal mass ejections. Understanding these two types of solar energetic particles is crucial for predicting space weather and protecting satellites and astronauts from radiation hazards. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Curtin University https://www.curtin.edu.au/ European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover some of the most exciting discoveries and developments in the universe, including the detection of the brightest fast radio burst ever observed, the New Horizons spacecraft's record-setting hibernation, and an innovative method for generating oxygen in space. Brightest Fast Radio Burst Detected Astronomers have identified what is being hailed as the brightest fast radio burst (FRB) ever recorded. Catalogued as FRB 2025 0316A, this extraordinary flash of energy was detected 130 million light years away in the spiral galaxy NGC 4141. The burst's unprecedented brightness and proximity provide scientists with a unique opportunity to study its origins and the environment surrounding it, potentially shedding light on the enigmatic sources of these fleeting cosmic phenomena. New Horizons Enters Record Hibernation NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has officially begun a record-setting hibernation period as it journeys through the Kuiper Belt, now over 9.2 billion kilometres from Earth. This hibernation will last until June 2026, surpassing its previous record of 273 days. Despite being in hibernation, the spacecraft will continue to collect valuable data on charged particles and dust in the outer heliosphere, which will be transmitted back to Earth upon reactivation. Revolutionary Oxygen Generation in Space In a significant advancement for future space missions, scientists have developed a new method for generating oxygen in space using neodymium magnets to enhance the electrolysis process. This innovative approach simplifies the extraction of oxygen bubbles from water, potentially replacing complex systems currently used in microgravity environments. By leveraging magnetic forces, this technique could improve the efficiency and reliability of oxygen production for astronauts. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Nature Chemistry https://www.nature.com/nchem/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Brightest Fast Radio Burst Detected New Horizons Enters Record Hibernation Revolutionary Oxygen Generation in Space

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest developments in space exploration, including the European Space Agency's Juice mission, NASA's Psyche spacecraft, and groundbreaking advancements in lunar resource utilization. Juice Mission Back on Track The European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, Juice, is set for a critical flyby of Venus after overcoming a communications anomaly that temporarily severed contact with Earth. Engineers successfully restored communication with the spacecraft, which is now on its way to study Jupiter's Galilean moons—Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa—believed to harbor subsurface oceans that may support extraterrestrial life. The flyby will assist Juice in gaining the necessary speed for its journey to Jupiter, scheduled for arrival in 2031. Psyche Spacecraft Calibration NASA's Psyche spacecraft, launched in 2023, has successfully calibrated its onboard cameras as it journeys toward the metal-rich asteroid of the same name. The spacecraft aims to unlock the secrets of planetary cores and will utilize its cameras to capture images of Psyche's surface when it arrives in 2029. The calibration process includes imaging Earth and Mars to ensure the instruments perform optimally for their scientific objectives. Creating Resources from Moon Dust In a significant breakthrough, scientists have developed a method to produce water, oxygen, and methane fuel using lunar regolith, sunlight, and carbon dioxide from astronauts' breath. This innovation could drastically reduce the cost of transporting supplies from Earth to the Moon, paving the way for sustainable lunar bases and expanded space exploration capabilities. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. Juice Mission Back on TrackPsyche Spacecraft CalibrationCreating Resources from Moon Dust

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into thrilling advancements in space exploration, including a remarkable test flight of SpaceX's Starship, groundbreaking insights into Mars, and a classified mission from the United States Space Force. Starship's Spectacular Test Flight After overcoming numerous challenges, SpaceX's Starship has successfully completed its 10th test flight, launching from Texas and splashing down in the Indian Ocean. This flight demonstrated the rocket's capabilities, including a controlled splashdown of the Super Heavy booster and the successful deployment of Starlink satellite simulators. The mission provided critical data on the vehicle's performance during reentry, including stress testing its heat shield. New Insights into Mars The European Space Agency's Mars Express Orbiter has provided new observations of the Acheron Foci region, revealing the geological forces that have shaped the Red Planet. These findings highlight the impact of ancient geological upheaval and climatic shifts on Mars' landscape, offering clues about its past and the dynamic processes that continue to influence its environment today. Space Force's Secret Shuttle Mission The United States Space Force has launched its 8th X37B space shuttle mission, utilizing a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. This classified mission aims to test next-generation technologies, including advanced laser communication systems and quantum sensors. The versatile X37B continues to serve as a platform for various operational demonstrations and experiments in space. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This episode is brought to you by the support of Insta360 - the leaders and innovators in portable 360 Photography. And they have just released the all new UltraGo...the take anywhere camera. Get all the details by visiting store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout for our special listener offer.  In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries and developments in the realm of astrophysics and space exploration.Rogue Planets and Their Potential A fascinating new study reveals that giant free-floating planets, known as rogue planets, may have the ability to form their own miniature planetary systems independently of a host star. Observations from the Webb Space Telescope have identified young rogue planets with masses between 5 to 10 times that of Jupiter. These dim objects, which emit primarily in the infrared spectrum, are believed to hold secrets about the formation of planetary systems. The findings indicate that disks of warm dust surrounding these planets could provide the necessary materials for planet formation, suggesting that such systems could exist even in the absence of stars.Europe's Space Rider Progresses The European Space Agency's reusable Space Rider spacecraft has successfully completed a crucial test of its nose cone, marking another milestone in its development. This innovative spacecraft will allow ESA to conduct orbital missions and return scientific payloads to Earth. Designed to operate as an unmanned laboratory in low Earth orbit, Space Rider will support a variety of experiments and technology demonstrations, paving the way for Europe to enhance its capabilities in space exploration.Harvesting Solar Power from Space Could space-based solar panels be the solution to our energy needs? Scientists are investigating two promising projects aimed at capturing solar energy in orbit. The Innovative Heliostat Swarm aims to create a network of mirrors that direct sunlight to a central receiver, converting it into electricity for transmission back to Earth. Meanwhile, the Mature Planar Array is closer to deployment but will only capture solar energy about 60% of the time. Despite current challenges in cost-effectiveness, these projects could lead to breakthroughs in sustainable energy.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ Journal of Solar Energy https://www.journals.elsevier.com/solar-energy Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you by Insta360's newest camera, the GoUltra. To get more details on this go anywhere camera, visit store.insta360.com and for our special offer use the code SPACETIME at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the mysteries lurking in the cosmos, from a rogue supermassive black hole to a meteorite crash in Georgia, and the origins of asteroids Bennu and Ryugu. An Invisible Monster in the Cosmos Astronomers have made a chilling discovery of a supermassive black hole, 600 million light years away, that has been lurking in the darkness of space. Using NASA's Hubble and Chandra space telescopes, along with a Very Large Array radio telescope, researchers identified this rogue black hole that consumes stars and planets that venture too close. The black hole was revealed through a tidal disruption event, where a star was torn apart and swallowed, offering a glimpse into the physics of these cosmic behemoths. Meteorite Slams into Georgia Home In an extraordinary event, a meteorite crashed through a house in Atlanta, Georgia, on June 26, narrowly missing the homeowner. Witnessed by hundreds, the fireball streaked across the sky before fragments penetrated the roof and ceiling. Planetary geologist Scott Harris retrieved samples for analysis, revealing the meteorite's origins in the asteroid belt, dating back 4.56 billion years, and potentially linked to the breakup of a larger asteroid. Origins of Asteroids Bennu and Ryugu Recent research suggests that both Bennu and Ryugu may share a common ancestry, originating from the same collisional family of asteroids known as Polana. Spectral data comparisons indicate similarities between these asteroids, supporting the hypothesis that they were formed from the remnants of a larger body that fragmented early in the solar system's history. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding the evolution of these near-Earth asteroids. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Planetary Science Journal https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/planetary-science-journal Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Insta360. Capture your adventures with their latest game-changer, the GoUltra. For a special offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SPACETIME at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore thrilling recent discoveries and events in the cosmos, including close encounters with asteroids, a newly discovered moon around Uranus, and the cosmic dance of dwarf galaxies. Earth Dodges Two Asteroid Near Misses Planet Earth has narrowly avoided two asteroid near misses within days of each other. The first, asteroid 2025 PF2, zipped past at an altitude of just 22,000 kilometers, while the second, 2025 PU1, came even closer at 29,000 kilometers. Both asteroids, small yet significant, highlight the ongoing risks posed by near-Earth objects, with 2025 PU1 being particularly alarming as it was only detected hours after its closest approach. A New Moon for Uranus Astronomers have identified a new moon orbiting Uranus, bringing the total number of known satellites to 26. Detected using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, this moon, estimated to be about 10 kilometers in diameter, eluded previous observations, including those from the Voyager 2 mission. Its discovery adds to the complexity of Uranus's moon system and raises questions about the chaotic history of its rings and satellites. Dancing Dwarf Galaxies and the Milky Way's Fate A new study suggests that the fate of our Milky Way galaxy is intricately tied to the gravitational interactions with smaller dwarf galaxies as it approaches a merger with the Andromeda galaxy. By studying similar galactic systems, researchers aim to predict how these cosmic dances will influence the evolution of our galaxy over the next few billion years, providing insights into dark matter and cosmic structure. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://academic.oup.com/mnras NASA's Webb Space Telescope https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/main/index.html Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into intriguing new research that challenges our understanding of Earth's climatic history, the discovery of a rare astronomical phenomenon, and China's advancements in lunar exploration. Did a Comet Trigger the Younger Dryas Cool Off? A groundbreaking study has emerged suggesting that a massive comet may have instigated Earth's Younger Dryas cool off event, traditionally attributed to glacial meltwater. Analysis of ocean sediments published in the journal PLOS One reveals geochemical clues that support the hypothesis of Earth encountering a disintegrating comet around 12,800 years ago. This event could have led to rapid cooling, with temperatures plummeting by approximately 10 degrees Celsius within a year. The findings indicate a potential link between comet dust and significant climate shifts, inviting further investigation into this captivating theory. Discovery of a Rare White Dwarf Merger Remnant Astronomers have identified an ultra-massive white dwarf star resulting from the merger of two stars, rather than the evolution of a single star. This discovery, made possible by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, suggests that such white dwarf mergers may be more common than previously thought. The object, catalogued as WD0525 526, is located 126 light years away and is about 20% more massive than our Sun. Hubble's ultraviolet observations revealed carbon in its atmosphere, a sign of its violent origin, challenging previous assumptions about white dwarf formation. China Tests Its New Manned Lunar Lander In a significant milestone for lunar exploration, China has successfully conducted a test flight of its new manned lunar landing craft, named Lanyu. This test, which included a controlled landing and takeoff, marks a crucial step in China's ambitions to send taikonauts to the Moon by 2030. The Lanyu is designed to carry astronauts from lunar orbit to the surface and back, with plans for a permanent lunar base in collaboration with Russia in the early 2030s. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References PLOS One https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ NASA Hubble Space Telescope https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest revelations from the cosmos, featuring the intriguing interstellar comet 3I Atlas, a groundbreaking theory about our place in the universe, and the safe return of SpaceX Crew 10. The Enigmatic Comet 3I Atlas Astronomers utilizing NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have captured the sharpest images yet of the interstellar comet 3I Atlas, revealing a solid icy nucleus estimated to measure between 320 meters and 5.6 kilometers in diameter. This comet, traveling at a staggering 209,000 kilometers per hour, is believed to have been journeying through interstellar space for approximately 7 billion years. Observations from multiple telescopes are enhancing our understanding of this ancient visitor, including its size, chemical makeup, and physical properties. With a dust plume and tail reminiscent of solar system comets, 3I Atlas offers a unique glimpse into the history of our galaxy as it approaches the sun. Earth's Position in a Cosmic Void A new hypothesis suggests that Earth and the Milky Way may reside in a vast cosmic void rather than along a filament of the universe's cosmic web. This idea could help resolve the Hubble tension, a discrepancy in the rate of the universe's expansion. The study, presented at the Royal Astronomical Society's National Astronomy Conference, posits that our galaxy might be near the center of a local void, influencing the observed expansion rate of the universe. This intriguing concept challenges existing cosmological models and could reshape our understanding of cosmic structure. Safe Return of SpaceX Crew 10 After five months aboard the International Space Station, SpaceX Crew 10 has safely returned to Earth. Their Dragon capsule splashed down in the North Pacific Ocean, marking the end of a mission that contributed to over 200 scientific experiments, ranging from plant growth studies to the effects of microgravity on human physiology. The crew's successful return paves the way for their replacements, Crew 11, to continue vital research in low Earth orbit. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Royal Astronomical Society https://ras.ac.uk/ NASA's Hubble Space Telescope https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the latest astronomical marvels and pressing concerns in space science. The Cosmic Horseshoe: A Supermassive Discovery Astronomers have potentially identified the most massive supermassive black hole ever discovered, dubbed the Cosmic Horseshoe, which is estimated to be around 36 billion times the mass of our Sun. Located approximately 5 billion light years away, this colossal black hole distorts space-time and creates a stunning Einstein ring effect by gravitationally lensing light from distant galaxies. The measurement of its mass combines gravitational lensing and stellar kinematics, providing a rare glimpse into the formation and evolution of galaxies and their central black holes. Possible New Planet in the Alpha Centauri System Exciting news emerges from the Alpha Centauri star system, where astronomers may have discovered a new planet orbiting Alpha Centauri A, the closest star system to our own at just 4.25 light years away. Using data from NASA's Webb Space Telescope, researchers suggest this Saturn-sized gas giant could be located in the habitable zone of a sun-like star. While the planet's gaseous nature may not support life, its proximity offers a unique opportunity to study planetary systems beyond our own, challenging existing theories on planet formation in binary star systems. The Satellite Proliferation Dilemma As the number of satellites in Earth orbit continues to rise, astronomers are sounding alarms over the interference these satellites cause to vital scientific research. A study has highlighted the impact of Starlink's megaconstellation on radio astronomy, with significant radio emissions masking faint signals from the universe. This growing concern emphasizes the need for regulatory measures to mitigate interference and protect the integrity of astronomical observations. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://academic.oup.com/mnras Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Astronomy and Astrophysics Journal https://www.aanda.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we journey through the latest advancements in space exploration and cosmology, featuring a groundbreaking radar mission, a new hypothesis on the universe's origins, and updates on the International Space Station. NISAR: A New Era in Earth Observation The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched the NISAR satellite, a joint mission with NASA that promises to revolutionise our understanding of Earth's dynamic systems. This advanced synthetic aperture radar satellite will monitor changes in forests, wetlands, and ice-covered surfaces with unprecedented detail, providing crucial data for disaster response, infrastructure management, and climate change studies. With its ability to see through clouds and operate day and night, NISAR will deliver vital insights into the planet's movements and environmental changes every 12 days, enhancing our preparedness for natural hazards. A New Hypothesis on the Universe's Origins In a significant shift in cosmological theory, scientists have proposed a new model that explains the universe's early moments without relying on speculative elements. This revolutionary hypothesis, reported in the journal Physical Review Research, suggests that natural quantum fluctuations in a state known as de Sitter space could account for the density differences that led to the formation of galaxies and stars. By eliminating arbitrary parameters, this model offers a clearer understanding of the cosmos and poses fundamental questions about our existence and origins. Russia's Commitment to the International Space Station In a surprising announcement, Russia has confirmed its intention to remain a partner in the International Space Station (ISS) project until at least 2028, despite previous threats to withdraw. This decision comes amid ongoing geopolitical tensions and technical challenges within the Russian segment of the ISS. As the global space community continues to evolve, Russia's commitment ensures continued collaboration in low Earth orbit, even as plans for an independent Russian space station progress. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review Research https://journals.aps.org/prresearch/ NASA NISAR Mission https://www.nasa.gov/nisar Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the cosmic drama unfolding in our universe, featuring a doomed exoplanet, new revelations about Mars, and the latest crew aboard the International Space Station. The Death Spiral of TOI 2109b Astronomers are closely monitoring the death spiral of TOI 2109b, an exoplanet located over 870 light-years away. This gas giant, nearly five times the mass of Jupiter, completes an orbit around its host star in just 16 hours, making it the closest hot Jupiter discovered to date. Researchers from Macquarie University have found that the planet's orbit is decaying, leading to three potential end scenarios: being torn apart by tidal forces, plunging into its host star, or losing its gaseous envelope to intense radiation. These findings provide valuable insights into planetary evolution and the fate of gas giants in close orbits. New Insights into Mars's Ancient Surface A recent study has identified a new type of iron sulfate on Mars, suggesting significant geothermal and chemical activity on the planet's surface. Researchers have characterized this uncommon mineral, which may represent a new type due to its unique crystalline structure. The discovery sheds light on how heat, water, and chemical reactions have shaped Mars, and indicates that the planet may have been more geologically active than previously thought. This research enhances our understanding of Mars's potential to have supported life in its past. New Crew Arrives at the International Space Station NASA has successfully delivered a new crew to the International Space Station aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule. The crew, consisting of two Americans, a Russian, and a Japanese astronaut, will replace colleagues who have been aboard since March. As NASA considers extending crew stays from six to eight months to reduce costs, the new team is set to contribute to ongoing research and operations in low Earth orbit. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/nature/ NASA's International Space Station https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 97 for broadcast on 13 August 2025 00:42 Astronomers are tracking the death spiral of a doomed planet more than 870 light years away 12:06 ToI 2109 is one of the most interesting systems that we've got 17:06 Scientists have identified a new type of iron sulfate on the Red Planet 23:47 NASA has delivered four new crew members to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX Dragon 25:10 New study claims consuming three fries a week increases risk of developing type 2 diabetes 26:13 Google about to offer AI study tools to college students for free 29:53 You've got to check for updates on all your Apple devices

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries and ambitious plans in the realm of space exploration. The Most Distant Black Hole: Casper's Lidz 9 Astronomers have identified the most distant black hole ever observed, known as Casper's Lidz 9, dating back 13.3 billion years to a time when the universe was only half a billion years old. This supermassive black hole, weighing in at approximately 300 million solar masses, raises intriguing questions about its rapid growth in the early universe. The findings, published in the Astrophysical Journal, provide a unique opportunity to study the structure and evolution of galaxies during this enigmatic period, with implications for our understanding of black hole formation. New Insights into Ancient Martian Water Recent research suggests that Mars was even wetter than previously believed. A study presented at the Royal Astronomical Society's national meeting examined over 1500 kilometres of ancient riverbeds in the Nochesterra region, indicating that flowing water was widespread during the Noche and Hesperian transition around 3.7 billion years ago. These findings challenge existing theories about Mars's dry history and suggest a more complex and active planet, potentially providing a more hospitable environment for ancient life. Nuclear Reactors for Moon and Mars Bases The United States has unveiled plans to develop nuclear reactors to power future bases on the Moon and Mars, with the first plant expected to launch by the end of the decade. This initiative aims to support sustained human presence on these celestial bodies, addressing energy needs that solar power cannot fulfil. The reactors will provide essential electricity for life support, scientific equipment, and resource utilisation, marking a significant step in the ongoing space race. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 NASA's Artemis Program https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover intriguing discoveries about Mars, the cosmos, and the latest advancements in space technology. Martian Glaciers: Pure Water Ice Recent research reveals that Martian glaciers are composed of over 80% pure water ice, challenging previous assumptions that they were primarily rocky. This groundbreaking study, led by Yuval Steinberg from the Weizmann Institute, utilized standardized measurements to analyze the dielectric properties of these glaciers, providing a clearer understanding of their composition. The findings not only enhance our knowledge of Martian geology but also have significant implications for future manned missions, as these glaciers could serve as vital water sources for astronauts. Discovery of an Intermediate Mass Black Hole NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-Ray Observatory have identified a rare intermediate mass black hole, known as NGC6099HLX1, actively consuming a star. This black hole, located approximately 450 million light-years away, resides in a compact star cluster and exhibits extreme luminosity during its tidal disruption event. The discovery sheds light on the formation of black holes and their role in galactic evolution, providing crucial insights into the elusive intermediate mass category that bridges stellar and supermassive black holes. United States Space Force's X37B Mission The United States Space Force is gearing up for the eighth mission of its Boeing X37B space shuttle, set to launch from Cape Canaveral Space Force Base. This mission will test advanced technologies, including a high-bandwidth inter-satellite laser communications system and a cutting-edge quantum inertial sensor. The X37B's unique capabilities allow it to conduct classified operations while remaining difficult to track, highlighting its significance in modern space operations. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Icarus Journal https://www.journals.elsevier.com/icarus Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 NASA Hubble Space Telescope https://hubblesite.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore exciting new findings about our galaxy, the latest achievements of NASA's Mars Curiosity rover, and groundbreaking images of the Sun captured by the Parker Solar Probe. Milky Way's Hidden Satellites Recent research suggests that the Milky Way may host up to 100 previously undetected satellite galaxies. Using advanced supercomputer simulations and mathematical modeling, astronomers have identified the existence of these faint dwarf galaxies, which could provide crucial support for the Lambda cold dark matter model. Currently, only 60 companion galaxies are confirmed, but with new telescopes like the Vera Rubin Observatory, the search for these elusive satellites is set to expand, potentially reshaping our understanding of the universe's structure. Curiosity Rover Reaches New Heights NASA's Mars Curiosity rover has made significant progress in its exploration of Mount Sharp, revealing intricate geological formations known as boxwork. This unique terrain, shaped by ancient groundwater processes, offers valuable insights into the Red Planet's history. Curiosity has been utilizing its advanced instruments to analyze the composition of the Martian surface and conduct atmospheric observations, marking a new phase in its mission to uncover the secrets of Mars. Parker Solar Probe's Record-Breaking Images In a groundbreaking achievement, NASA's Parker Solar Probe has captured the closest images of the Sun ever taken. These stunning observations, made during a recent pass through the solar corona, are helping scientists understand solar phenomena and their impact on space weather. The high-resolution images reveal important details about the solar wind and coronal mass ejections, providing insights that could improve predictions of solar activity and protect technology on Earth. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ NASA Mars Curiosity Mission https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/ Parker Solar Probe https://www.nasa.gov/content/parker-solar-probe Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 New study says Milky Way could have far more satellite galaxies than previously thought 00:47 Our Milky Way galaxy could have more satellite galaxies surrounding it than previously predicted 05:37 NASA's Mars Curiosity rover reaches new heights exploring boxwork terrain on Mount Sharp 09:08 NASA's Parker Solar Probe captured stunning new images of the solar atmosphere 18:40 A new study warns that hail storms could hit Australian cities harder due to climate change

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into significant developments in space exploration, from Australia's latest rocket launch attempt to groundbreaking theories about the origins of life. Australia's ERIS 1 Rocket Launch: A Learning Experience In a dramatic turn of events, Gilmour Space's ERIS 1 rocket experienced a failure just seconds after liftoff, marking Australia's first orbital rocket launch in years. Despite the setback, CEO Adam Gilmour emphasizes the lessons learned from the test flight, which will inform the design and operation of future launches. The rocket's ascent was initially promising, but engine failures led to a crash shortly after clearing the launch tower. Fortunately, no injuries or environmental damage occurred, and the mission provided valuable data that will enhance the next attempt. Life's Origins: A Cosmic Perspective A new study suggests that the building blocks of life may have originated in outer space rather than on Earth. Using the ALMA radio telescope, astronomers detected complex organic molecules in the protoplanetary disk of the protostar UH V883 Orionis. These findings indicate that essential compounds, such as ethylene glycol and glycolonitrile, are not only present in various cosmic environments but may also be the precursors to amino acids and other vital biological components. This research supports the notion that the seeds of life are widespread throughout the universe. Boeing's Starliner Delays Continue Boeing's Starliner spacecraft faces further delays, now pushed back to at least 2026 before it can carry humans into space. Ongoing technical issues have plagued the project, including helium leaks and thruster control problems. NASA is working closely with Boeing to address these challenges, but the timeline for crewed missions remains uncertain as SpaceX continues to lead in transporting astronauts to the International Space Station. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 NASA's Commercial Crew Program https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/commercial/crew/index.html Gilmour Space https://gilmourspace.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 A new study says the evolution of life may well have origins in outer space 00:47 Gilmour Space's Ares 1 orbital rocket crashed two seconds after launch 10:37 A new study says the evolution of life may have origins in outer space 11:28 Astronomers find 17 complex organic molecules in distant planet forming disk 19:35 New study finds images can shape public opinion regardless of true facts 22:06 World Meteorological Organization says megaflash stretched 829km in 2017

In this episode of SpaceTime, we embark on a thrilling journey through the cosmos, exploring the potential for life on Mars, a remarkable discovery in the outer solar system, and the crucial mapping of sulfur throughout our galaxy. Searching for Life on Mars A new study reveals that thick layers of clay on Mars could indicate stable environments conducive to life billions of years ago. Researchers have identified that these clay deposits likely formed in standing bodies of water, providing the right conditions for chemical weathering and potentially supporting ancient life. The findings suggest that the balance between water and carbon cycles on Mars may explain the planet's geological history and the absence of carbonate rocks. Lead author Rhianna Moore discusses how these stable terrains could have fostered habitable conditions for extended periods, offering insights into the Red Planet's wet past. Discovery of 2020 VN40: A Distant Cosmic Companion Astronomers have discovered a rare celestial body, 2020 VN40, located far beyond Neptune, moving in perfect synchronicity with the ice giant. This trans-Neptunian object orbits the sun once for every ten orbits Neptune completes, providing new insights into the dynamics of the outer solar system. The discovery, reported in the Planetary Science journal, enhances our understanding of how distant objects interact with Neptune's gravity and offers clues about the solar system's evolution. Mapping Sulfur in the Milky Way A groundbreaking study has mapped the distribution of sulfur across the Milky Way, an essential element for life. Utilizing the CRISM X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy mission, scientists have directly measured sulfur in both its gaseous and solid forms within the interstellar medium. The findings shed light on sulfur's role in the cosmos and its potential implications for understanding life's distribution throughout the galaxy. This research marks a significant step in answering fundamental questions about the building blocks of life in the universe. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Planetary Science Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2632-3338 CRISM Mission https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/overview/crism.html Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking revelations about dark energy, lunar geology, and Europe's innovative space weather monitoring initiative. Dark Energy: A Changing Force? Astronomers have compiled the largest supernova dataset to date, revealing tantalizing hints that dark energy may not be a constant force in the universe. This research, led by the International Supernova Cosmology Project, analyzes over 2,000 Type 1A supernovae to explore the evolving nature of dark energy, which currently comprises nearly 70% of the universe's mass-energy content. The findings suggest that if dark energy is weakening, it could significantly impact the universe's expansion and ultimate fate, challenging existing models and sparking excitement in the astrophysics community. New Insights into Lunar Magma A recent study analyzing samples from China's Chang' e 5 mission indicates that molten magma may have persisted on the Moon's surface much longer than previously believed. Researchers, led by Stephen Alado, utilized radioactive dating to reveal that volcanic activity on the lunar far side could have continued for billions of years, contradicting earlier theories about the Moon's cooling process. This new understanding of lunar geology offers valuable insights into the Moon's evolution and the processes that shape celestial bodies. Europe's Space Weather Early Warning System The European Space Agency is set to launch Vigil, a pioneering space weather probe, in 2031. Positioned at the Lagrangian L5 point, Vigil will provide unprecedented monitoring of solar activity, allowing for early warnings of solar storms that could disrupt communication systems and power grids on Earth. This mission aims to enhance our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of space weather on modern infrastructure, marking a significant advancement in global space safety efforts. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv ESA Vigil Mission https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Space_Weather/Vigil Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the depths of cosmic mysteries and groundbreaking discoveries, including the enigmatic Long Period Transient and the stellar companion of Betelgeuse, alongside exciting findings from Mars. Unraveling the Long Period Transient Astronomers have uncovered a new cosmic phenomenon, ASCAP J1832-0911, which emits both radio and X-ray pulses every 44 minutes for just two minutes at a time. This first-ever detection of a Long Period Transient has left scientists puzzled about its nature and origins. Lead author Dr Andy Wang from Curtin University discusses the potential theories, including the possibility of a magnetar or a binary star system, while emphasizing the need for further observations to unravel this cosmic mystery. Betelgeuse's Stellar Companion In a remarkable discovery, astronomers have identified a stellar companion orbiting the red supergiant Betelgeuse. This pre-main sequence star, approximately one and a half times the mass of the Sun, resides within Betelgeuse's outer atmosphere. As Betelgeuse approaches the end of its life, this companion is also on a collision course with destiny, likely spiraling into Betelgeuse within the next 10,000 years. This finding could shed light on the periodic brightness changes observed in similar red supergiant stars. Mars Perseverance Rover's New Discoveries NASA's Perseverance Rover continues its exploration of Jezero Crater, uncovering unusual rock formations that may reveal significant geological history. The rover is investigating an intriguing contact area where clay-bearing units meet olivine-rich rocks, potentially preserving evidence of ancient intrusive processes. Despite challenges in studying these formations, mission managers remain determined to unlock the secrets they hold about Mars' past. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 NASA's Perseverance Rover Mission https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 Space Time series 28 episode 90 for broadcast on 28 July 2025 00:47 Long Period Transient emitting radio and X ray pulses every 44 minutes 07:48 Astronomers have discovered what appears to be a companion star in binary orbit 12:30 NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover is continuing its exploration of Jetro Crater 15:00 New study links early smartphone use to poorer mental health later in life 17:39 There are new reports of Bigfoot activity in the Pacific Northwest state of Washington

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest cosmic revelations, including the astonishing discovery of an ancient interstellar comet, the intricate workings of a rare pulsar, and the safe return of the Axiom 4 crew from their mission. Ancient Interstellar Comet 3I/Atlas Astronomers have unveiled that the newly discovered interstellar object, 3I/Atlas, could be the oldest comet ever observed, potentially predating our solar system by over 3 billion years. This water-rich visitor, detected by NASA's ATLAS survey, is only the third known object from beyond our solar system to reach us. A study by Matthew Hopkins from Oxford University suggests that 3I/Atlas may be more than 7 billion years old, offering a glimpse into a part of the Milky Way previously unseen. As it approaches the sun, its activity is expected to increase, revealing more about its composition and the role ancient comets play in star and planetary formation. Unraveling the Mysteries of a Rare Pulsar In another exciting development, astronomers have made significant strides in understanding a unique pulsar system, PSRJ 1023 0038. This transitional millisecond pulsar, which interacts with a lower mass stellar companion, has been studied using data from NASA's Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The findings suggest that the X-ray emissions originate from the pulsar wind rather than the accretion disk, challenging existing models and providing new insights into neutron star behavior and particle acceleration. Axiom Space AX4 Crew Returns The Axiom Space AX4 crew has successfully splashed down in the North Pacific Ocean after nearly three weeks aboard the International Space Station. This mission, part of NASA's efforts to promote commercial activities in space, included a diverse crew and numerous scientific experiments. With the return of the AX4 crew, preparations are underway for NASA's upcoming Crew 11 mission, further expanding humanity's presence in low Earth orbit. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 Journal of the American Medical Association https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 New interstellar object 3I/Atlas may be older than our solar system 06:44 Foreign astronomers have discovered new evidence Explaining how pulsing remnants interact in space 14:09 Private company Axiom Space's AX4 crew return safely to Earth 16:06 Having a higher body mass index from early childhood and adolescence is linked to aging 17:32 New study looked at which over the counter medicines are good at treating depression 18:43 Brazilian psychic issues chilling warning about dangers posed by artificial intelligence

This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Incognai - when your online privacy matters, Incogni's the service you need. Check out our special discount deal by visiting www.incogni.com/stuartgary In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking discoveries that reveal the impact of human activity on Earth, explore a new celestial body beyond Pluto, and prepare for Japan's upcoming Martian moon mission. Human Development and Earth's Polar Shift A recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters has confirmed that human development has caused a significant shift in Earth's spin axis. By constructing nearly 7,000 dams between 1835 and 2011, humans have redistributed the planet's mass, resulting in a total pole shift of about 1.13 meters. Lead author Natasha Valencic explains how this shift not only affects Earth's rotation but also contributes to a global drop in sea levels. The findings underscore the importance of considering water impoundment in future sea level rise calculations. Discovery of a World Beyond Pluto Astronomers have identified a small celestial object, designated 2023 KQ14, located beyond Pluto, potentially challenging the existence of the elusive Planet Nine. This discovery, detailed in Nature Astronomy, suggests that the outer solar system is more diverse than previously thought. With a stable orbit for over 4.5 billion years, 2023 KQ14's peculiar trajectory raises questions about the formation and evolution of distant solar system bodies, as well as the dynamics of gravitational influences in this remote region. Japan's Martian Moon Sample Return Mission Japan's aerospace exploration agency JAXA is set to launch the Martian Moons Exploration Mission (MMX) in 2026. This ambitious mission aims to land on Phobos, collect samples, and return them to Earth by 2031. The spacecraft will also conduct a flyby of Deimos while gathering crucial data to determine the origins of Mars' moons. With advanced scientific instruments onboard, the mission seeks to unravel the mysteries surrounding these small, potato-shaped moons and their relationship to the Red Planet's history. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Geophysical Research Letters https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19448007 Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we tackle some of the most profound questions in science, including the mystery of why the universe exists, the potential for liquid water on Mars, and the birth of a new solar system. Unraveling the Mystery of the Universe Scientists have made significant strides in understanding the fundamental differences between matter and antimatter, a question that has puzzled humanity since the dawn of physics. The LHCB collaboration at CERN has provided compelling evidence of a mirror-like asymmetry in how baryons behave compared to their antimatter counterparts. This breakthrough could shed light on why our universe is predominantly composed of matter, despite the equal creation of matter and antimatter during the Big Bang. We delve into the implications of this discovery and its potential to unlock the secrets of the universe's existence. Liquid Water on Mars: A New Possibility A groundbreaking study suggests that liquid brines may form on the Martian surface, challenging the long-held belief that Mars is devoid of liquid water. Lead researcher Vincent Chevrea from the University of Arkansas discusses how meteorological data and advanced computer modeling indicate that brines could develop during specific seasonal windows. This finding opens new avenues for the search for life on Mars and highlights the importance of targeting these periods for future exploration. Witnessing the Dawn of a New Solar System Astronomers have made an unprecedented observation of a new solar system forming around the protostar HOPS 315, located 1300 light-years away. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), researchers have identified the very first specks of planet-forming material, marking a significant milestone in our understanding of solar system formation. This discovery not only provides insight into the processes that shaped our own solar system 4.6 billion years ago but also offers a unique opportunity to study planetary formation in real-time. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/nature Journal of Communications Earth and Environment https://www.nature.com/commsenv Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest discoveries in lunar geology, the intriguing concept of dark dwarves, and the stunning features of the Carina Nebula. The Youngest Basaltic Lunar Meteorite Scientists have uncovered a 2.35 billion-year-old lunar meteorite, Northwest Africa 16286, which fills a significant gap in our understanding of the Moon's volcanic history. This meteorite, distinct in its chemical profile, suggests that volcanic activity on the Moon persisted longer than previously thought, unveiling new insights into its internal heat generation processes. Lead author Joshua Snape from the University of Manchester explains how this rare sample enhances our knowledge of lunar geology without the costs associated with space missions. Hypothetical Dark Dwarfs and Dark Matter A new study proposes the existence of hypothetical objects called dark dwarves, which could help unravel the mystery of dark matter—an invisible substance that constitutes approximately 80% of the universe's mass. Researchers suggest that these low-mass objects could interact with dark matter in ways that produce observable effects, providing a potential pathway to understand this elusive component of the cosmos. The study highlights the importance of identifying markers, such as lithium-7, to confirm the existence of dark dwarfs and advance our understanding of dark matter. Adaptive Optics and the Carina Nebula Using adaptive optics, astronomers have achieved unprecedented clarity in imaging the western wall of the Carina Nebula, revealing intricate structures previously hidden by dust and gas. This breakthrough allows for a deeper investigation into star formation processes in this massive stellar nursery. The enhanced images showcase how massive young stars influence their surroundings and contribute to the cycle of stellar life, offering a glimpse into the conditions that may have shaped our own solar system. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics https://www.journalofcosmology.com/ Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/nature Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 00:49 04:51 09:17 15:16 17:08

In this episode of SpaceTime, we unlock the secrets of the Moon's far side, explore the Sun's helicity barrier, and discuss the European Space Agency's advancements in orbital launch vehicles. Extended Volcanism on the Moon's Far Side Recent findings reveal that the Moon's far side has experienced extended volcanism for at least 1.4 billion years, with two significant volcanic phases occurring around 4.2 and 2.8 billion years ago. This research, stemming from samples collected by China's Chang' E6 mission, provides insights into the Moon's geological history and the asymmetry between its near and far sides. The study highlights the role of colossal impacts in shaping the Moon's interior and suggests uneven distribution of volatile elements. Discovery of the Sun's Helicity Barrier A groundbreaking study has identified a region of the Sun known as the helicity barrier, which plays a crucial role in heating and accelerating the solar wind. Observations from NASA's Parker Solar Probe have confirmed the existence of this barrier, providing insights into the mechanisms of turbulent dissipation and coronal heating. This discovery helps explain temperature anomalies in the solar atmosphere and enhances our understanding of space weather events that impact Earth. European Space Agency's Launch Vehicle Developments The European Space Agency has narrowed its list of potential candidates for future orbital launch vehicles. The selected companies will receive funding to develop their systems, aiming to increase competition and choice in European launch services. This initiative mirrors efforts by NASA in the U.S. to foster a diverse range of commercial launch providers, enhancing capabilities for future space missions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/nature Physical Review https://journals.aps.org/pr/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Sponsor Details This episode is brought to you with the support of NordVPN...our official VPN partners. To grab your heavily discounted price, plus special offer with 30-day moneyback guarantee, head over to www.nordvpn.com/stuartgary and use the coupon coded STUARTGARY at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore some fascinating recent developments in our understanding of Earth and beyond. Earth Experiences Its Shortest Day On July 9, Earth recorded one of its shortest days, with a rotation 1.51 milliseconds shorter than the average. We discuss how various factors, including gravitational influences from the Moon and Sun, tectonic movements, and even human activities, affect Earth's rotation. This episode also highlights the implications of these changes on our timekeeping systems and the necessity of leap seconds to maintain accuracy in clocks and navigation systems. Gilmour Space's Ares 1 Rocket Launch Preparations Gilmour Space is gearing up for the maiden test flight of its Ares 1 orbital rocket after previous launch attempts were postponed due to technical glitches and weather conditions. We delve into the rocket's design, which includes a unique hybrid propulsion system, and discuss the significance of this launch as Australia’s first all-Australian designed and built launch vehicle since the 1970s. Revising Earth's Geological Timeline A groundbreaking study suggests that Earth's first solid crust formed from a magma ocean around 4.5 billion years ago, shortly after a massive impact event that created the Moon. This research challenges long-held beliefs about the formation of continents and the onset of plate tectonics, indicating that the chemical signatures of continental crust may have originated much earlier than previously thought. We explore the implications of this study for our understanding of Earth's early geological history and the evolution of life. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/nature NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you by NordVPN....our official VPN partner. To get your special SpaceTime listener offer, simply visit www.nordvpn.com/stuartgary. You'll be glad you did...and remember, our special offer comes with a 30 day  money back guarantee...so there's nothing to lose.  In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking research that sheds light on Earth's ancient history, the formation of hot Jupiters, and the enigmatic climate of Mars. Earth's Oldest Rocks Confirmed in Northern Canada A recent study published in the journal Science confirms that the oldest rocks on Earth are located in northern Quebec, Canada, dating back 4.16 billion years. Lead author Jonathan Nally. from the University of Ottawa explains how this discovery provides a unique window into the Hadean Eon, offering insights into the early Earth's environment and the formation of its first continents. While the Jack Hills Range in Australia holds the oldest material of terrestrial origin, these Canadian rocks are pivotal in understanding Earth's formative years. New Insights into Hot Jupiter Formation We explore the intriguing case of CI Tau B, a hot Jupiter that orbits a young star just 450 light-years away. Researchers from Rice University and Lowell Observatory have utilized advanced spectroscopic techniques to analyze the planet's mass and brightness, revealing that it formed through a hot start mechanism rather than traditional models. This study provides a critical benchmark for understanding how giant planets can form rapidly in close proximity to their stars, challenging long-held assumptions in planetary science. Was Mars Always Doomed to be a Desert? A new hypothesis from the University of Chicago suggests that Mars was never meant to remain a warm, habitable planet. The study indicates that the planet's past liquid water periods were likely short-lived, driven by the Sun's gradual brightening. Unlike Earth, which has maintained its habitability, Mars appears to self-regulate towards desert conditions, raising questions about the mechanisms that have led to its current frozen state. The findings, published in Nature, build on previous discoveries by NASA's Curiosity rover and could reshape our understanding of Martian climate history. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Journal https://www.sciencemag.org/ Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/nature Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore some of the most exciting recent discoveries in astronomy, including the largest Oort Cloud comet ever observed and remarkable achievements from NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover. Comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli-Bernstein: A Giant from the Oort Cloud Astronomers have made a groundbreaking discovery by detecting molecular activity in Comet C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli-Bernstein, the largest and most distant active comet ever observed. Originating from the Oort Cloud, this colossal comet measures nearly 140 km across, revealing complex jets of carbon monoxide gas and providing insight into its behavior far from the Sun. Observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile have confirmed its status as the largest known Oort Cloud comet, offering a rare glimpse into the chemistry and dynamics of these distant celestial objects. Nasa's Perseverance Rover Sets New Distance Record NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover has achieved a new milestone, traveling 411 meters in a single autonomous drive while exploring the Jezero Crater. This episode highlights the rover's innovative AUTONAV self-driving system and its 30th Abrasion Study of a Martian rock named Kenmore. The findings reveal significant mineral compositions, including clay minerals, iron, and magnesium, enhancing our understanding of Mars' geological history and potential past habitability. Exoplanets Triggering Stellar Flares Astronomers have discovered that certain exoplanets in close orbits around their host stars can trigger powerful stellar flares, leading to atmospheric erosion over time. This groundbreaking finding, reported in the journal Nature, demonstrates the interaction between planets and their stars in a way never before observed. The study, conducted using the European Space Agency's CHEOPS spacecraft, reveals that these energetic flares can significantly impact the evolution of the orbiting planets, providing new insights into the dynamics of stellar systems. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 NASA Perseverance Rover https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/nature Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the latest astronomical discoveries and the implications for future space exploration. New Interstellar Visitor: Comet 3I Atlas Astronomers have identified a new interstellar object, designated 3I Atlas, which is currently traversing our solar system. Discovered by NASA's ATLAS telescope in Chile, this comet is approximately 670 million kilometers away and poses no threat to Earth, as it will pass at a safe distance of 240 million kilometers. With a velocity exceeding 51 kilometers per second, 3I Atlas is only the third confirmed interstellar visitor, following the enigmatic Oumuamua and the more familiar comet 2I/Borisov. As observations continue, scientists are eager to learn more about its origins and characteristics. China's Ambitious Mars Sample Return Mission Speculation is mounting that China may outpace the U.S. and Europe in the race to return the first samples from Mars. The recently announced Tianwen 3 mission aims to collect Martian samples and bring them back to Earth for detailed analysis, potentially revealing whether life ever existed on the Red Planet. This mission follows China's successful deployment of the Zhurong rover and highlights the ongoing competition in space exploration. Scientists will need to target specific locations on Mars to collect samples that could provide insights into the planet's past habitability. Vera C Rubin Observatory's Stunning First Images Astronomers are thrilled by the first images released by the Vera C Rubin Observatory, which features an 8.4-meter telescope and a 3,200-megapixel camera. This observatory is set to conduct the world's largest sky survey over the next decade, generating an astonishing 20 terabytes of data each night. The Legacy Survey of Space and Time will provide unprecedented insights into cosmic phenomena, including asteroids, supernovae, and the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy. Australian astronomers are collaborating in this global effort, processing and analyzing the vast amounts of data generated. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References NASA ATLAS https://www.nasa.gov/ China's Tianwen 3 Mission https://www.space.com/china-mars-sample-return-tianwen-3 Vera C Rubin Observatory https://www.lsst.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover remarkable insights into Mars, Mercury, and the latest developments in space exploration. Hidden Martian Volcano: Jezero Mons Scientists have identified a previously overlooked volcano, Jezero Mons, located on the rim of Jezero Crater, where NASA's Perseverance rover is actively collecting samples. This discovery could provide vital clues about Mars' volcanic history and habitability, suggesting that the region may have supported life due to the interplay of volcanic heat and water. The findings, published in Communications Earth and Environment, highlight the need for further exploration of Mars' geology, as volcanism plays a crucial role in understanding the planet's past. Tidal Forces Shaping Mercury's Cliffs A new study published in Geophysical Research Planets proposes that tidal forces from the Sun may have contributed to the deformation of Mercury's towering cliffs. Traditionally attributed to cooling and contraction, this research indicates that the planet's unique orbital dynamics could also influence its geological features. The BepiColombo mission, scheduled to arrive at Mercury next year, aims to gather data that could validate these findings and enhance our understanding of the planet's evolution over billions of years. Axiom Space's AX4 Mission Arrives at the ISS The Axiom Space AX4 mission has successfully docked at the International Space Station for a 14-day stay. This mission, featuring a diverse international crew, aims to conduct over 60 scientific and commercial experiments, furthering Axiom's goal of establishing a private space station in low Earth orbit. Despite facing multiple delays, the mission underscores the growing role of private companies in space exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Communications Earth and Environment https://www.nature.com/commsenv/ Geophysical Research Planets https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/24701343 Axiom Space https://www.axiomspace.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This e[pisode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of NordVPN, SpacTime's official VPN service. And have we got a great offer for you, with a 30 Day Money-Back guarantee! To check out the details vist nordvpn.com/stuartgary or use the coupon code STUARTGARY at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest discoveries and research that are reshaping our understanding of Mars and the effects of solar activity on planetary climates. Curiosity Rover's New Martian Rock Samples NASA's Mars Curiosity rover has drilled into a new region of Martian rock, revealing intriguing features that may provide insights into whether the planet ever had conditions suitable for life. The rover's findings include unique boxwork patterns formed by groundwater, suggesting that even as Mars dried up, water was still present below the surface. As Curiosity ascends Mount Sharp, scientists are eager to understand the implications of these patterns and the mineral cements involved, which may hold clues to Mars' climatic history and the potential for ancient microbial life. Solar Flares and Weather Patterns A groundbreaking study published in the Astronomical Journal has uncovered a connection between solar flares and short-term changes in weather patterns on exoplanets. Researchers found that flares from a planet's host star can cause measurable climate shifts within days, highlighting the importance of solar activity in modulating atmospheric behavior. This research not only enhances our understanding of exoplanet habitability but also suggests that solar variability may influence weather systems on Earth, particularly in volatile regions. Nasa's In-Flight Imagery Project NASA's Scientifically Calibrated in Flight Imagery (SCIFLI) team is set to gather vital data during the reentry of a European aerospace company's demonstration capsule. Utilizing advanced instruments, including a spectrometer and high-definition telescope, SCIFLI aims to capture real-time performance data that will refine computational models for future space missions. This mission highlights the importance of empirical data in enhancing safety and performance for crewed and robotic space exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-3881 NASA Curiosity Rover https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/ NASA SCIFLI Team https://www.nasa.gov/langley/scifli Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This episode is brought to you by NordVPN. Get up to 76% off NordVPN, enjoy 4 extra months free, and receive an Amazon gift card—plus a 30-day money-back guarantee. Visit nordvpn.com/stuartgary or use code STUARTGARY at checkout. Parker Solar Probe's Historic Close Approach to the Sun NASA's Parker Solar Probe has achieved a remarkable milestone, completing its 24th close flyby of the Sun at a record distance of just 6.2 million kilometers from the solar surface. During this encounter, the probe reached speeds of 687,000 kilometers per hour, gathering invaluable data on solar wind and solar activity as the Sun approaches its solar maximum. The mission aims to deepen our understanding of the Sun's behavior and its impact on space weather, which can affect technology and human activities on Earth. Deep Earth Pulses: A New Ocean in the Making Scientists have detected rhythmic surges of molten rock rising from deep within the Earth beneath Africa, revealing a dynamic mantle plume that is gradually tearing the continent apart. This groundbreaking research, published in Nature Geoscience, indicates that the Afar region is experiencing the birth of a new ocean basin due to the interaction between tectonic plates and the pulsing mantle below. The study highlights the complex relationship between the Earth's interior and surface processes, offering new insights into volcanic activity and continental breakup. Aeris Rocket Launch Window Opens Mission managers at Gilmour Space are preparing for the opening of a new launch window for their Ares orbital rocket's first test flight, set to begin tomorrow. Following earlier technical issues, the team is closely monitoring weather conditions as they aim to launch the first all-Australian designed and built launch vehicle since the 1970s. With ambitious plans for future versions capable of carrying heavier payloads, this test flight marks a significant step in Australia's growing space industry. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Geoscience https://www.nature.com/naturegeoscience/ NASA Parker Solar Probe https://www.nasa.gov/content/parker-solar-probe Gilmour Space https://gilmourspace.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into fascinating connections between Earth's atmospheric conditions and its magnetic field, alongside intriguing insights into Mercury and the mysteries of the Sun's corona. Link Between Earth's Oxygen and Magnetic Field A groundbreaking study published in Science Advances reveals a correlation between the fluctuations of Earth's magnetic field and atmospheric oxygen levels over the last 540 million years. Researchers suggest that processes within the Earth might influence habitability on the surface, highlighting the magnetic field's role in protecting our atmosphere from cosmic rays and solar wind. This correlation raises questions about the underlying processes linking these two critical elements for life on Earth. Unraveling Mercury's Secrets New findings indicate that Mercury's crust and internal structure are unlike any other planet in our solar system. Laboratory simulations are aiding the European-Japanese BepiColombo mission, set to orbit Mercury in November 2026. Researchers are investigating why Mercury's core constitutes 60% of its volume, exploring theories about its metal-rich composition and volcanic history. The study emphasizes the need for more data to understand Mercury's unique characteristics and geological processes. The Ongoing Mystery of the Sun's Corona Despite advancements in solar research, the heating of the Sun's corona remains a significant puzzle. Observations from NASA's IRIS mission and other spacecraft are shedding light on potential mechanisms, including magnetic reconnection and plasma waves. These studies are revealing the complexity of the solar atmosphere and could help scientists understand how energy is transferred from the Sun's surface to its outer layers. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv NASA IRIS Mission https://iris.lmsal.com/ European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 77 for broadcast on 27 June 2025 01:00 Link between Earth's oxygen and magnetic field 12:15 Unraveling Mercury's secrets 22:30 The ongoing mystery of the Sun's corona 30:00 Science report: Changing seasonal rhythms and their impact on ecosystems

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover significant advancements in our understanding of the universe and ongoing developments in space exploration. Astronomers Find the Universe's Missing Matter A groundbreaking study reveals that the universe's elusive normal matter is concealed within hot intergalactic gas filaments. This discovery, detailed in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics, identifies a massive filament of gas, ten times the mass of the Milky Way, connecting four galaxy clusters. Utilizing the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton and JAXA's Suzaku X-ray space telescopes, researchers have successfully characterized this filament, providing crucial insights into the cosmic web's structure and supporting existing models of the universe. Concerns Grow Over Leaks Aboard the International Space Station Fresh concerns regarding leaks aboard the International Space Station have led to delays in the SpaceX Axiom Spaceflight 4 mission. NASA is closely monitoring cabin pressure in the Russian segment of the station, where ongoing structural issues have been identified. Despite recent repairs, the situation remains a top safety priority as astronauts prepare for their upcoming mission. European Space Agency's Mars Rover Progress The European Space Agency's ExoMars rover, Rosalind Franklin, is back on track to land on Mars in 2028, seven years later than originally planned. This mission aims to search for signs of past life on the Red Planet and investigate its geochemical environment. With new funding and NASA's agreement to provide launch services, the Rosalind Franklin rover is undergoing final tests to ensure its success on the Martian surface. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomy and Astrophysics https://www.aanda.org/ European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 76 for broadcast on 25 June 2025 01:00 Astronomers find the universe's missing matter 12:15 Concerns grow over leaks aboard the International Space Station 22:30 European Space Agency's Mars rover progress 30:00 Science report: New insights into conversion therapy and health impacts

In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore some of the most recent and intriguing developments in space exploration and cosmic phenomena. Starship's Latest Test Flight Ends in Explosion SpaceX faces another setback as its 10th Starship test flight ended in a massive explosion at the Massey test stand in Boca Chica, Texas. The incident occurred just minutes before a planned static fire test of the upper stage. We discuss the details of the explosion, including early indications of a cryogenic methane leak and the implications for SpaceX's ambitious goals of interplanetary transport. A Cosmic Anomaly and Its Frightening Implications for Earth A newly discovered cosmic anomaly challenges our understanding of galaxy evolution. A distant spiral galaxy, housing a supermassive black hole billions of times the mass of the Sun, is emitting colossal radio jets stretching over 6 million light years. This finding raises alarming questions about the potential future of our own Milky Way and the dangers posed by similar jets originating from Sagittarius A, our galaxy's supermassive black hole. We delve into the study's findings and their implications for life on Earth. New Insights into Neutron Stars A groundbreaking study has provided new insights into the birth masses of neutron stars, revealing that they typically form with a mass around 1.3 times that of our Sun. Using advanced modeling techniques, researchers analyzed a sample of neutron stars in binary systems to understand their formation history better. This research opens up new avenues for interpreting gravitational wave detections and understanding the lifecycle of massive stars. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://academic.oup.com/mnras Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 75 for broadcast on 23 June 2025 01:00 Starship's latest test flight ends in explosion 12:15 A cosmic anomaly and its frightening implications for Earth 22:30 New insights into neutron stars 30:00 Science report: Cannabis use linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk

In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries and innovative advancements in the realm of space and planetary science. Record-Breaking Cosmic Structure Discovered Astronomers have imaged an unprecedented cosmic structure, a massive cloud of energetic particles surrounding a galaxy cluster that spans nearly 200 million light years. This remarkable finding, presented at the 246th meeting of the American Astronomical Society, challenges existing theories about particle energization, suggesting that giant shock waves and turbulence are at play rather than nearby galaxies. We delve into the implications of this discovery for our understanding of cosmic magnetic fields and the dynamics of galaxy clusters. A New Approach to Building Mars A recent study has revealed a novel method for planetary core formation, suggesting that molten sulfide rather than metal could create a core in rocky planets like Mars. This research, published in Nature Communications, offers fresh insights into the early evolution of terrestrial worlds, particularly in sulfur-rich environments. We discuss how this finding could reshape our understanding of Mars's geochemical timeline and its core formation process. High-Performance Infrared Nano Antennas Scientists have developed innovative gold nano antennas that significantly enhance the capabilities of thermal infrared cameras, improving image quality and sensitivity. This advancement, led by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories, allows for clearer observations of thermal infrared radiation, with applications ranging from astronomy to national security. We explore the technology behind these nano antennas and their potential impact on various fields. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ American Astronomical Society https://aas.org/ Sandia National Laboratories https://www.sandia.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 74 for broadcast on 20 June 2025 01:00 Record-breaking cosmic structure discovered 12:15 A new approach to building Mars 22:30 High-performance infrared nano antennas 30:00 Science report: New dinosaur species discovered

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the latest astronomical discoveries and advancements in space exploration. Solar Orbiter's Unprecedented Views of the Sun's South Pole For the first time, astronomers have captured detailed observations of the Sun's south pole thanks to the joint NASA/ESA Solar Orbiter spacecraft. This mission provides insights into the Sun's magnetic field dynamics and its role in the solar cycle, including the current solar maximum, which is marked by increased solar activity and spectacular auroras visible at lower latitudes than usual. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of solar physics and space weather. Surprising Discoveries on the Moons of Uranus NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has revealed unexpected surface characteristics of Uranus's largest moons. Contrary to predictions, the leading sides of these moons showed signs of darkening, challenging previous theories about the interactions between the moons and Uranus's magnetosphere. We explore the significance of these observations and what they suggest about the complex relationship between Uranus and its satellites. Europe's Ariane 6 Rocket Prepares for Its Third Launch The European Space Agency is gearing up for the third flight of its new Ariane 6 rocket, set to launch a meteorological satellite into orbit. We provide an overview of the Ariane 6's design advancements, its performance in previous launches, and how it enhances Europe's independent access to space. This rocket represents a significant step forward in European space capabilities. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References NASA Solar Orbiter https://www.nasa.gov/solarorbiter Hubble Space Telescope https://hubblesite.org/ Ariane 6 Launch Details https://www.arianespace.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 73 for broadcast on 18 June 2025 01:00 Solar Orbiter's unprecedented views of the Sun's south pole 12:15 Surprising discoveries on the moons of Uranus 22:30 Europe's Ariane 6 rocket prepares for its third launch 30:00 Science report: New insights into the Dead Sea Scrolls and autism research

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to you by NordVPN - the official VPN service of SpaceTime. Protect your online privacy with the same service we trust. For a special SpaceTime deal, visit nordvpn.com/stuartgary or use the coupon code Stuart Gary at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover fascinating new insights into the Moon's hidden mantle, the dynamics of stellar nurseries, and the latest lunar lander mishap. A New Window into the Moon's Hidden Mantle Recent studies of unique green glass beads retrieved by China's Chang' E5 mission suggest evidence of a significant asteroid impact on the Moon. These beads, with their unusually high magnesium content, may originate from the Moon's mantle, offering scientists their first direct glimpse into this elusive layer. We discuss the implications of this discovery for understanding lunar geology and the history of our celestial neighbor. Unusual Stellar Nursery Discovered Near the Milky Way's Center New findings indicate that star formation rates near the galactic center of the Milky Way are unexpectedly low, despite the high density of stellar material. Utilizing data from NASA's retired SOFIA observatory, researchers have identified that these regions may produce only one generation of stars, challenging traditional models of stellar nurseries. We explore what these revelations mean for our understanding of galactic dynamics and star formation processes. Another Lunar Lander Crashes on the Moon The Japanese I Space lunar lander, Resilience, has tragically crashed during its landing attempt on the Moon, marking another setback in the race for lunar exploration. We delve into the details surrounding the mission's failure and the ongoing investigations aimed at uncovering the cause of the crash. This incident highlights the challenges faced by commercial space missions as they strive to achieve successful lunar landings. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 72 for broadcast on 16 June 2025 01:00 A new window into the Moon's hidden mantle 12:15 Unusual stellar nursery discovered near the Milky Way's center 22:30 Another lunar lander crashes on the Moon 30:00 Science report: New insights into the mystery of why cats purr

Sponsor Details: This epiosode is broght to you by NordVPN...the official VPN service of SpaceTime. Get online security at a special SpaceTime price. Details at www.nordvpn.com/stuartgary or use the code STUARTGARY at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries and significant events unfolding in our universe. Galactic Collision Course: Two Massive Galaxy Clusters Set for Round Two Astronomers have observed a rare cosmic event as two massive galaxy clusters, previously collided, are now on a trajectory for another encounter. Located 2.8 billion light-years away, the clusters—designated PSE2G 181.06.48.47—exhibit fascinating structures and shock fronts indicative of their impending collision. We delve into the implications of this rare event and what it reveals about the dynamics of galaxy clusters and dark matter. NASA's Psyche Mission Switches to Backup Systems NASA has been compelled to switch to a backup fuel system on its Psyche spacecraft after a drop in fuel pressure was detected in the main propulsion system. We discuss the technical challenges faced by the mission team, the significance of the asteroid Psyche, and what this means for the spacecraft's journey to explore this intriguing metallic asteroid, scheduled for arrival in 2029. Discovery of a New Atomic Nucleus For the first time in over three decades, scientists have measured the heaviest nucleus decaying through proton emission. This discovery, involving the lightest known isotope of astatine-188, sheds light on the rare form of radioactive decay and the intricate properties of exotic nuclei. We explore the experimental techniques used and the theoretical implications of this groundbreaking finding. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X NASA Psyche Mission https://www.nasa.gov/psyche Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 71 for broadcast on 13 June 2025 01:00 Galactic collision course: Two massive galaxy clusters set for round two 12:15 NASA's Psyche mission switches to backup systems 22:30 Discovery of a new atomic nucleus 30:00 Science report: Unprecedented ocean warming in the South Pacific

In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the cosmos to uncover extraordinary cosmic phenomena, groundbreaking Mars exploration, and innovative asteroid detection technology. The Most Powerful Cosmic Explosions Since the Big Bang Astronomers have identified a new class of cosmic events known as extreme nuclear transients (ENTs), which are the most powerful explosions observed since the Big Bang. These events occur when supermassive black holes tear apart stars over three times the mass of our sun, releasing energy that surpasses even the brightest supernovae. We explore the implications of these findings, including how these luminous phenomena can provide insights into black hole growth and the early universe. NASA's Perseverance Rover Takes a Bite of Ancient Martian Rock NASA's Perseverance Rover has sampled a potentially ancient rock on Mars known as Crocodilen, located on the Jezero Crater Rim. This area offers vital clues about the planet's watery past and the potential for past life. We discuss the rover's mission, its new sampling strategy, and the significance of the clay minerals found in the region, which could preserve organic compounds. First Light for Europe's New Killer Asteroid Hunter The European Space Agency's FlyEye telescope has achieved its first light, marking a new era in the search for near-Earth asteroids that could threaten our planet. Designed to capture a vast region of the sky simultaneously, FlyEye will operate autonomously to detect and track these celestial hazards. We delve into how this innovative technology will enhance our planetary defense efforts and the role it will play in monitoring potential threats. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Nature https://www.nature.com/nature/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 70 for broadcast on 11 June 2025 01:00 The most powerful cosmic explosions since the Big Bang 12:15 NASA's Perseverance Rover takes a bite of ancient Martian rock 22:30 First light for Europe's new killer asteroid hunter 30:00 Science report: Global drought severity increases since 1981

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to you with the support of NordVPN - SpaceTimes official VPN service. When it comes to your online privacy, use the one we use and help support the show. To claim your special SpaceTime bonus deal, visit nordvpn.com/stuartgary  or use  the coupon code STUARTGARY at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking revelations that challenge our understanding of cosmic events and planetary formation. New Insights on the Milky Way and Andromeda Collision Recent studies utilizing data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft cast doubt on the long-anticipated collision between our Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy. New simulations indicate only a 2% probability of a merger occurring within the next 3.7 to 5 billion years, suggesting that both galaxies may continue to evolve largely unperturbed for a much longer period. We explore the implications of these findings and the variables that have altered previous predictions about our galactic future. Understanding Seismic Wave Acceleration in Earth's D Layer A fascinating new study sheds light on the behavior of seismic waves deep within the Earth. Researchers have discovered that the unique crystal structure of minerals in the D layer, located near the core-mantle boundary, influences the acceleration of seismic waves. This breakthrough not only clarifies the mystery behind seismic wave behavior but also provides insights into the dynamics at play in the Earth's depths. Discovery of Embryonic Exoplanets Using Advanced Techniques Astronomers have unveiled a new technique that has successfully identified five new embryonic exoplanets, offering a glimpse into their early formation stages. Utilizing the ALMA radio telescope, researchers can peer through dense protoplanetary disks to detect these young planets, which are forming rapidly in dynamic environments. This revolutionary method opens new avenues for understanding planetary evolution and the processes that govern the birth of new worlds. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Communications Earth and Environment https://www.nature.com/commsenv/ Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 69 for broadcast on 9 June 2025 01:00 New insights on the Milky Way and Andromeda collision 12:15 Understanding seismic wave acceleration in Earth's D layer 22:30 Discovery of embryonic exoplanets using advanced techniques 30:00 Science report: AI systems refusing to turn off

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to you with the support of Insta360 - the leaders in 360-degree video technology. To explore their innovative range and claim your special SpaceTime bonus, visit store.insta360.com and use the coupon code SpaceTime at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover exciting new research challenging our understanding of dark matter, reveal hidden treasures beneath the Earth's surface, and explore the potential for life on Titan, Saturn's enigmatic moon. Modified Newtonian Dynamics: A Dark Matter Alternative Recent studies suggest that modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) may serve as a viable alternative to the elusive dark matter hypothesis. This theory, proposed by physicist Mordecai Milgrom, modifies Newton's laws to explain the gravitational behavior observed in galaxies without relying on dark matter. We delve into the latest findings that support MOND, including a novel method for measuring gravity in wide binary star systems, which indicates that gravity may actually be stronger than Newton's predictions under certain conditions. Earth's Hidden Gold Reserves A groundbreaking study reveals that Earth's core may contain vast reserves of gold and other precious metals, far beyond what is accessible on the surface. Researchers discovered traces of ruthenium in volcanic rocks from Hawaii, suggesting that these metals originated from the core and are leaking into the mantle. This research opens new avenues for understanding Earth's internal dynamics and the movement of materials from the core to the surface. Searching for Life's Chemistry on Titan NASA's upcoming Dragonfly mission aims to investigate the intriguing chemistry of life on Titan, Saturn's largest moon. With its organic-rich environment and unique geological features, Titan presents an opportunity to study prebiotic chemistry in a way that Earth cannot. We explore how Dragonfly will analyze the moon's surface and atmosphere to uncover clues about the processes that may have led to the emergence of life, potentially reshaping our understanding of habitability in the universe. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Nature https://www.nature.com/nature/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 68 for broadcast on 6 June 2025 01:00 Modified Newtonian dynamics as an alternative to dark matter 12:15 Earth's hidden gold reserves 22:30 Searching for life's chemistry on Titan 30:00 Science report: Ancient tool-making from whale bones and quantum computing breakthroughs

Sponsor Details: Incogni: When your data privacy matters, you need Incogni. To get your special SpaceTime deal and bonuses, visit www.incogni.com/stuartgary and let them do all the heavy lifting for you Insta360 This episode is brought to you with the support of Insta360 - the innovators in 360-degree camera technology. Capture your adventures with the Insta360 X5, designed for extreme conditions. To claim a free invisible selfie stick with your purchase, visit store.insta360.com and use the promo code SpaceTime! In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the latest developments in space exploration, lunar geology, and solar phenomena. SpaceX's Fiery Ninth Starship Test Flight The latest test flight of SpaceX's Starship ended dramatically as both the orbiter and the booster were destroyed during reentry. Despite the fiery conclusion, SpaceX officials noted that the test was designed to push the limits of the spacecraft. The flight featured numerous milestones, including a successful hot staging and the first reflight of a booster. However, issues arose during the landing burn, resulting in a spectacular explosion. We discuss the implications of this test and what it means for future missions, including NASA's Artemis 3. Lunar Rocks and Their Magnetic Mystery A new study proposes that a significant asteroid impact may explain the presence of highly magnetic rocks on the Moon. Researchers suggest that a brief amplification of the Moon's weak magnetic field, caused by a large plasma-generated impact event, could account for the magnetism observed in some lunar samples. This hypothesis sheds light on the Moon's geological history and its magnetic properties, particularly in regions near the lunar south pole, where future missions are planned. Revealing the Sun's Corona Astronomers have captured unprecedented details of the Sun's corona using a new adaptive optics system. This groundbreaking technology has allowed scientists to produce the clearest images of the corona yet, enhancing our understanding of coronal heating and solar eruptions. The new observations reveal dynamic features and turbulent flows within the corona, providing insights into the mechanisms driving space weather and its effects on Earth. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 67 for broadcast on 4 June 2025 01:00 SpaceX's ninth Starship test flight 12:15 Lunar rocks and their magnetic mystery 22:30 Revealing the Sun's corona 30:00 Science report: New methods for green hydrogen production

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to you with the support of Insta360 - the pioneers in 360-degree video technology. To explore their innovative range and claim your special offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the coupon code SpaceTime at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we tackle some of the universe's most pressing mysteries, including new insights into the Hubble constant, the surprising geology of Venus, and the building blocks of stellar formation. Resolving the Hubble Constant Debate New data from the James Webb Space Telescope may have finally reconciled the long-standing discrepancy in the measurement of the Hubble constant, the rate at which the universe expands. For years, scientists have grappled with differing values derived from cosmic microwave background radiation and supernova observations. Lead author Wendy Friedman discusses how recent findings suggest that the standard model of cosmology holds up, with the Hubble constant now estimated at 70.4 kilometres per second per megaparsec, aligning more closely with earlier measurements. This breakthrough could reshape our understanding of the universe’s expansion and evolution. Venus's Thin Crust New research indicates that Venus's crust is unexpectedly thin, challenging previous assumptions about the planet's geology. A study published in Nature Communications reveals that Venus lacks the tectonic activity seen on Earth, resulting in a crust that is about 40 to 65 kilometres thick. This research proposes a model of crust metamorphism that could explain how volcanic activity persists on Venus, despite the absence of plate tectonics. Upcoming missions, including NASA's Davinci and Veritas, aim to gather more data that could confirm these findings and enhance our understanding of Venus's geological processes. Building Blocks of Stellar Formation A recent study highlights that the formation of stars is influenced not only by the amount of gas in a galaxy but also by its distribution. Observations from the WALLABY survey, conducted using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder Telescope, reveal that star formation is concentrated in areas with higher gas density. Lead author Seona Lee explains how this research sheds light on the intricate processes that govern star formation, suggesting that gas location is critical for the birth of new stars across various galaxy types. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/naturecommunications/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 66 for broadcast on 2 June 2025 01:00 Resolving the Hubble constant debate 12:15 Venus's surprisingly thin crust 22:30 Building blocks of stellar formation 30:00 Science report: New links between autism and Parkinson's disease

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to you with the support of Insta360 - the leaders in 360 degree video. To check out the range and grab your special SpaceTime bonus, visit store.insta360.com and use the coupon code SpaceTime at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking advancements in our understanding of gravity, the intriguing thermal characteristics of the Moon, and the discovery of white dwarf pulsars. A New Theory of Gravity Scientists have proposed a revolutionary new theory of gravity that brings us closer to the long-sought theory of everything. This quantum theory of gravity aims to unify gravity with the fundamental forces of nature, offering potential solutions to some of the most profound questions in physics, including the nature of dark matter and dark energy. We explore the implications of this theory and how it could reshape our understanding of the universe's origins and the behavior of black holes. The Moon's Hot Side Recent findings suggest that the Moon's near side is significantly hotter than its far side, with temperatures reaching up to 170 degrees Celsius higher. This research, based on data from NASA's GRAIL mission, reveals how geological differences between the lunar sides could be attributed to thermal variations in the Moon's mantle. We discuss the potential for these methods to enhance our understanding of other celestial bodies, including Mars and the moons of Jupiter and Saturn. White Dwarf Pulsars: A Stellar Discovery Astronomers have made a remarkable discovery of a white dwarf star that emits radio pulses, challenging the notion that only neutron stars can produce such signals. This discovery, reported in Nature Astronomy, opens up new avenues for understanding pulsar mechanisms and their sources across the Milky Way. We examine the significance of this finding and what it means for our knowledge of stellar evolution. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Reports on Progress in Physics https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0034-4885 Nature https://www.nature.com/nature/ Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 65 for broadcast on 30 May 2025 01:00 New theory of gravity 12:15 The Moon's thermal characteristics 22:30 Discovery of white dwarf pulsars 30:00 Skywatch: June night skies and the Taurids meteor shower

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to you with the support of Insta360 - the game changer in 360-degree camera technology. Capture stunning moments with the Insta360 X5, which records 8K 360-degree video. To bag a free invisible selfie stick with your purchase, head to store.insta360.com and use the promo code SpaceTime! In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover remarkable revelations about Jupiter, lightning-induced gamma rays, and groundbreaking achievements in spaceflight. Jupiter's Magnificent Past A new study reveals that Jupiter, the solar system's largest planet, was once twice its current size and possessed a magnetic field 50 times stronger than today. Researchers, led by Konstantin Batygin, used the orbits of Jupiter's small moons, Amalthea and Thebe, to deduce these findings, providing critical insights into the early stages of planetary formation. The implications of this research could reshape our understanding of gas giants and their formation processes across the universe. Gamma Rays and Lightning In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have detected intense flashes of gamma rays produced by lightning strikes. This phenomenon, known as terrestrial gamma ray flashes, occurs when lightning accelerates electrons to near light speeds, resulting in bursts of radiation. The study, published in Science Advances, sheds light on the high-energy processes occurring in Earth's atmosphere, enhancing our understanding of lightning's power and its effects on our planet. Precision Formation Flying in Space History has been made in Earth orbit as two spacecraft from the European Space Agency's Proba 3 mission successfully flew in millimeter-perfect formation for the first time. This precision alignment is crucial for studying the Sun's corona, allowing the two satellites to simulate a single large spacecraft. We discuss the technology behind this mission and its potential to revolutionize solar observations. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 64 for broadcast on 28 May 2025 01:00 Jupiter's original size and magnetic field 12:15 Gamma ray flashes unleashed by lightning 22:30 Precision formation flying in space 30:00 Science report: New contact lens technology for night vision

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to you with the support of Insta360 - for incredible 360 degree videos you really need to check their cameras out. To see the range and claim your free offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the coupon code SpaceTime at checkout. In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore some mind-bending revelations about the universe, including a new estimate for its ultimate fate, the peculiar gravity of the asteroid Bennu, and India's ambitious plans for its first manned spaceflight. The Universe's Unexpected Expiration Date A groundbreaking study suggests that the universe could meet its end in a mere 10^78 years, significantly sooner than the previously estimated 10^1100 years. This revelation, based on calculations involving Hawking radiation, sheds light on how black holes and other celestial bodies lose mass over time. We discuss the implications of this research and the fascinating mechanics behind black hole evaporation, including the surprising equivalence in decay rates between neutron stars and black holes. Gravity's Quirks on Asteroid Bennu Astronomers have uncovered bizarre gravitational dynamics at play on the near-Earth asteroid Bennu, based on data from NASA's Osiris Rex mission. This small celestial body exists in a delicate balance between gravity and centrifugal forces, creating a unique environment that could lead to its eventual disintegration. We delve into how Bennu's increasing rotation might impact its structural integrity and potential future interactions with Earth. India's Manned Spaceflight Ambitions The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has announced plans for its first manned spaceflight, set to launch in early 2027. This historic mission will follow an unmanned test flight of the Gaganyan spacecraft, which is designed to carry a crew into low Earth orbit. We discuss the training and preparations of the selected Indian Air Force pilots and the technical challenges ISRO faces as it embarks on this new frontier in space exploration. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics https://www.cosmos.esa.int/cosmology Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natastronomy/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 63 for broadcast on 26 May 2025 01:00 New estimates on the universe's end 12:30 The strange gravity of asteroid Bennu 22:45 India's plans for its first manned spaceflight 30:00 Science report: Herpes virus linked to Alzheimer's disease

Sponsor Details: This episode is brought to with the support of NordVPN....the official VPN service of SpaceTime. To check out your special SpaceTime discount with 30 day money back guarantee, visit www.nordvpn.com/stuartgary or use the coupon code STUARTGARY at checkout. This episode of SpaceTime delves into groundbreaking discoveries and theories that reshape our understanding of the universe, including the origins of dark matter, the first visible light auroras on Mars, and new insights into massive X-ray explosions near supermassive black holes. The Birth of Dark Matter Explained A new hypothesis suggests that dark matter, which constitutes about 85% of the universe's mass, may have originated from massless particles that condensed as they slowed down. This theory, outlined in the journal Physical Review Letters, proposes that these particles formed during the early universe's chaotic conditions, akin to steam turning into water. We discuss how this model could be tested using existing cosmic microwave background radiation data, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of dark matter's properties and formation. Visible Light Auroras on Mars In a historic achievement, NASA's Perseverance rover has captured the first visible light auroras on Mars, confirming long-held theories about Martian atmospheric phenomena. This event, triggered by a massive solar flare, opens up new avenues for auroral research and suggests that future astronauts could witness these stunning displays on the Martian surface. We explore the implications of this discovery and how it enhances our understanding of solar interactions with planetary atmospheres. Quasiperiodic Eruptions: A New Type of X-ray Explosion Astronomers have identified a new type of X-ray outburst known as quasiperiodic eruptions, occurring near supermassive black holes. Observed in a galaxy 300 million light-years away, these eruptions exhibit a unique pattern, with events occurring every 4.5 days. We discuss the mechanisms behind these eruptions and their significance in understanding the dynamics of black holes and their surrounding environments. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/ Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 62 for broadcast on 23 May 2025 01:00 New theory explaining the birth of dark matter 12:15 First visible light auroras detected on Mars 20:30 Discovery of quasiperiodic eruptions near supermassive black holes 30:00 Science report: AI chatbots exaggerate research summaries

This episode of SpaceTime explores the recent surge in solar activity, including the largest solar flare of the year and the most intense geomagnetic storm in two decades.Massive Solar Flare and Its Implications We delve into the details of a powerful X 2.7 class solar flare that erupted from a newly active sunspot region, AR14087. Although the flare was not initially directed towards Earth, its rotation has now positioned it directly in our path. We discuss the mechanics of solar flares, their classification, and the potential impacts of such events on our planet, including disruptions to communication systems, satellite operations, and even power grids.The Gannon Storm: A Historic Geomagnetic Event The episode highlights the Gannon Storm, a severe geomagnetic storm that struck Earth on May 10, 2024. Coinciding with a space weather exercise, this event caused significant disruptions, including high voltage power line failures and rerouted flights due to radiation exposure. We analyze its effects on the atmosphere, satellites, and even the ionosphere, revealing insights into how such storms can impact modern technology.Ancient Solar Storms and Their Modern Implications In a fascinating segment, we discuss a groundbreaking study that identifies the strongest solar storm ever recorded, dating back to 12350 BCE. This ancient event, significantly more intense than any modern storm, provides invaluable data for understanding solar activity and its potential risks to contemporary infrastructure.Science Robert: Long Work Hours and Brain Changes We also touch on a new study revealing how long working hours could alter brain structures, potentially affecting memory and emotional regulation.Join us as we unpack these cosmic phenomena and their implications for life on Earth and beyond. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine https://journals.lww.com/joem/Pages/default.aspx Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 Solar flares are powerful blasts of energy erupting from sunspots 10:30 May 2024 was the biggest geomagnetic storm in over 20 years 14:29 New study reveals strongest solar event ever recorded, rewriting science on space weather 18:23 A new study claims people who work long hours could have altered brain structures

This episode of SpaceTime covers a range of exciting topics, including the delayed launch of Gilmour Space's Eris rocket, groundbreaking discoveries on Venus, and a billion-year-old asteroid impact in Scotland that raises new questions about the evolution of life on Earth. Eris Rocket Launch Delayed Gilmour Space has postponed the maiden launch of its Eris orbital rocket due to technical issues encountered during pre-flight checks. The rocket, designed to carry small satellite payloads, will now face a delay of at least three weeks as the company investigates the unexpected deployment of the launch vehicle's nosecone fairings. We discuss the implications of this delay and what it means for future commercial launches. Tectonic Activity on Venus In a fascinating discovery, scientists have identified possible tectonic activity on Venus, based on data from NASA's Magellan mission. Researchers found evidence of unique geological features known as coronae, which may indicate ongoing deformation of the planet's surface due to molten material from below. This research not only enhances our understanding of Venus but also offers insights into Earth's geological history. Ancient Asteroid Impact in Scotland A recent study has revealed that a massive asteroid impact in Scotland occurred 990 million years ago, much later than previously thought. This discovery, based on dating tiny zircon crystals, suggests a connection between this impact event and the emergence of early freshwater eukaryotes on land. We delve into the implications of this revised timeline for our understanding of life on Earth and the environmental changes triggered by such impacts. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Journal of Geology https://www.geosociety.org/publications/gsa/geo.asp Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 60 for broadcast on 19 May 2025 00:54 Gilmour Space's Eris rocket launch delayed 10:15 Possible tectonic activity discovered on Venus 18:45 Billion-year-old asteroid impact in Scotland raises questions about early life on Earth 25:00 Science report: Unexplained communications equipment found in Chinese-made solar panel inverters

Sponsor Links: Insta360 - To ceck out the range of cameras and to claim your bonus, visit store.insta360 and use the coupon code SpaceTime at checkout.This episode of SpaceTime dives deep into the intriguing findings from Mars, the peculiar behavior of a family of stars, and the latest developments in NASA's Artemis program. Possible Martian Biosignatures Scientists are captivated by the potential detection of biosignatures in a rock sample named Chayava Falls, collected by NASA's Perseverance rover. This rock, filled with unique chemical signatures, raises questions about the possibility of ancient microbial life on Mars. The analysis reveals organic compounds and distinctive structures, prompting further investigation to determine their origins and implications for past life on the Red Planet. Strange Stellar Family In an unexpected discovery, astronomers have identified a cluster of over a thousand young stars, named Ophion, that are behaving in a chaotic manner, rapidly dispersing instead of forming stable groups. This unusual behavior challenges existing theories about star formation and raises questions about the influences of nearby massive stellar groups and past supernovae on their movement. Artemis 2 Orion Capsule Delivered The Orion capsule designated for NASA's Artemis 2 mission has officially been handed over to NASA after final assembly and testing. This advanced spacecraft is set to carry a crew of four on a mission to orbit the Moon, marking a significant step towards future lunar exploration. We discuss the enhancements made to Orion since Artemis 1 and the preparations for its upcoming launch. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X NASA Perseverance Rover https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/ NASA Artemis Program https://www.nasa.gov/artemis Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 59 for broadcast on 16 May 2025 00:54 Possible biosignatures detected on Mars 12:15 The unusual behavior of the Ophion star cluster 20:30 Artemis 2 Orion capsule delivered to NASA for preparations 25:00 Science report: Technology use around children and its effects on health

Sponsor Links: Insta360 X5 Camera. To bag a free invisible selfie stick worth US$24.99 with your purchase, head to store.insta360.com and use the promo code "spacetime", available for the first 30 standard package purchases only.This episode of SpaceTime delves into the latest revelations in the cosmos, exploring groundbreaking theories about dark matter and the future of lunar exploration. New Insights into Dark Matter Astronomers have made a significant breakthrough in understanding dark matter, revealing a potential new type of less massive dark matter at the center of the Milky Way. This study, published in Physical Review Letters, suggests that huge clouds of positively charged hydrogen may be linked to this elusive substance. The findings challenge existing models of dark matter, proposing that lighter particles may be responsible for unexplained chemical reactions observed in the galactic center. Lunar Gateway Space Station Takes Shape In an exciting development for lunar exploration, the first habitation module for the Lunar Gateway Space Station has arrived in the United States. Known as the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO), this module will serve as a command hub for future missions to the Moon and Mars. We discuss the integration of HALO with the Power and Propulsion Element and the implications for the Artemis program. Space Junk Threatens the ISS We also cover the alarming increase in space debris, as NASA is forced to maneuver the International Space Station to avoid a potential collision with fragments of a Chinese rocket. This ongoing issue highlights the growing challenges of maintaining a safe orbital environment for astronauts aboard the ISS. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/ NASA Lunar Gateway https://www.nasa.gov/gateway Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 58 for broadcast on 14 May 2025 00:54 New insights into dark matter in the Milky Way 10:30 The Lunar Gateway Space Station's HALO module arrives 17:15 Space junk threatens the International Space Station 20:45 Science report: Insights into Earth's population growth and continental movement

Sponsor Details: Incogni...if you don't like sharing your details with all and sundry online, then you need Incogni. To get our SpaceTime listener deal, visit www.incogni.com/stuartgary or use the coupon code STUARTGARY at checkout.Insta360 - the leaders in 360 degree video shooting. Check out their gear and get your SpaceTime free offer with purchase by visiting www.store.insta360.com and use the coupon code SpaceTime at checkout.This episode of SpaceTime explores remarkable discoveries and urgent cosmic events that are reshaping our understanding of the universe. New Giant Galaxies Discovered Astronomers unveil the discovery of 15 new giant radio galaxies, each spanning over 3 million light years and hosting supermassive black holes. Utilizing the advanced capabilities of the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASCAP), researchers reveal the unique characteristics of these galaxies, including their powerful jets and lobes traveling at superluminal speeds. We delve into the implications of these findings for our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. Changes on Titan Next, we discuss the intriguing changes occurring on Saturn's moon Titan, which is experiencing rapid orbital changes on geological timescales. Scientists explore the factors influencing Titan's tidal dissipation rate and what it reveals about the moon's internal structure and history. This study provides insights into the dynamic processes at play in our solar system's moons. Failed Soviet Spacecraft Returns We also cover the dramatic re-entry of the Kosmos 482, a failed Soviet spacecraft that spent 53 years in orbit before crashing back to Earth. Launched in 1972 on a mission to Venus, the spacecraft's uncontrolled descent raises concerns about space debris and its potential impact on Earth. AI and Humanity's Future Finally, we tackle the controversial topic of artificial intelligence and its potential risks to humanity. With AI evolving at an unprecedented pace, we examine the findings of a new study that assesses the likelihood of AI leading to human extinction. As science fiction warns of a future dominated by AI, we explore the reality of these threats and what they mean for our future. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Journal of the American Medical Association https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is space time series 28, episode 57 for broadcast on 12 May 2025 00:54 Astronomers have discovered 15 giant radio galaxies each hosting a supermassive black hole 09:35 You're still learning about these galaxies 11:57 Now you, uh, mentioned starburst galaxies earlier. What are we seeing in elliptical galaxies when this happens 15:04 Foreign astronomers have discovered that the orbit of the moon Titan is changing quickly 18:49 A failed Soviet era spacecraft has crashed back to Earth 21:24 New study claims there's still little chance of artificial intelligence actually exterminating humanity 25:39 Using cannabis during pregnancy may increase risk of several adverse birth outcomes, study finds

Sponsor Details This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of NordVPN...our official VPN app and the one we recommend if online security is important to you. To get the special SpaceTime listeners deal, with a 30 day money back guarantee, visit www.nordvpn.com/stuartgary or us the coupon code stuartgary at checkout.Insta360 X5 Camera. To bag a free invisible selfie stick worth US$24.99 with your purchase, head to store.insta360.com and use the promo code "spacetime", available for the first 30 standard package purchases only.In this episode of SpaceTime, we unveil a stunning new ultraviolet map of the Milky Way galaxy, thanks to NASA's New Horizons spacecraft. This groundbreaking observation, published in the Astronomical Journal, provides astronomers with unprecedented insights into the galactic environment surrounding our solar system. We discuss how these findings challenge existing theories about interstellar hydrogen emissions and reveal the complex structures of hot interstellar gas bubbles. Exploring Mars with Perseverance Next, we follow NASA's Perseverance Rover as it investigates the intriguing rock formations at the Jezero crater rim. Discover how the rover is analyzing the contrasting layers of rock, searching for clues about Mars's geological history and the processes that shaped its surface. Psyche Spacecraft Troubles Finally, we address the ongoing investigation into a significant issue with the electric propulsion system of NASA's Psyche spacecraft. Launched in 2023, this mission aims to explore the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche. We delve into the challenges faced by mission managers and discuss potential solutions to ensure the spacecraft continues on its path to unravel the mysteries of planetary cores. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astronomical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X NASA Perseverance Rover https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/ NASA Psyche Mission https://www.nasa.gov/psyche Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, episode 56 for broadcast on 9 May 2025 00:45 NASA's New Horizons spacecraft reveals a new ultraviolet map of the Milky Way 12:30 Mars Perseverance Rover continues its exploration of Jezero crater 18:15 NASA investigates issues with the Psyche spacecraft's electric propulsion system 22:00 Skywatch: May night skies and celestial events

Sponsor Links: NordVPN - For the special SpaceTime NordVPN deal with extra free months, a huge discount and 30 day money back guarantee visit www.nordvpn.com/stuartgaryInsta360 X5 Camera. To bag a free invisible selfie stick worth US$24.99 with your purchase, head to store.insta360.com and use the promo code "spacetime", available for the first 30 standard package purchases only.This episode of SpaceTime dives deep into the cosmos, revealing groundbreaking insights into the origins of heavy elements and the geological history of Mars.First, we explore a revolutionary study that uncovers how giant exploding stars produce uranium and other heavy elements. Researchers are now investigating gamma-ray burst jets and the surrounding cocoon formed by collapsed stars. This new framework suggests that high-energy photons can dissolve stellar material into neutrons, leading to the creation of heavy elements through a rapid neutron capture process. We discuss the implications of these findings and how they challenge long-held beliefs about nucleosynthesis in the universe.Shattering Beliefs About Asteroid Vesta Next, we turn our attention to the asteroid Vesta, where a recent study published in Nature Astronomy reveals that its interior structure is far more uniform than previously thought. This discovery has led scientists to reconsider Vesta's identity, proposing that it may simply be a large asteroid rather than a protoplanet. We examine the research that challenges decades of assumptions about Vesta's formation and its role in understanding the early solar system.Did It Rain or Snow on Ancient Mars? Finally, we investigate the ancient climate of Mars, with a new study suggesting that geological formations on the planet were shaped by heavy precipitation, indicating a warmer and wetter past. This research utilizes computer simulations to analyze how rain and snow may have contributed to the development of Martian valleys and channels. We discuss the significance of these findings and their implications for our understanding of Mars's climatic history.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Journal of Geophysical Research Planets https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21699356 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 New study provides clues explaining how exploding stars produce uranium and other heavy elements 06:21 New study suggests giant asteroid Vesta is really just a big asteroid 15:19 New study suggests heavy precipitation likely fed valleys on ancient Mars 19:49 A new study warns that microplastic pollution could compromise ocean carbon 22:17 More than 31,000 passwords belonging to Australian banks have been stolen 24:47 Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through bitesz.com

Sponsor Details: Insta360 X5 Camera. To bag a free invisible selfie stick worth US$24.99 with your purchase, head to store.insta360.com and use the promo code "spacetime", available for the first 30 standard package purchases only. This episode of SpaceTime explores fascinating new discoveries and urgent updates from the cosmos.First, astronomers have identified a vast molecular gas and dust cloud named Eos, located just 300 light years away from Earth. This remarkable finding, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, marks the first detection of a molecular cloud using far ultraviolet emissions of molecular hydrogen. Eos, which is composed primarily of hydrogen, presents unique opportunities for studying the interstellar medium and the processes of star formation. We discuss the implications of this discovery and how it could reshape our understanding of molecular clouds across the galaxy.Jupiter's Polar Cyclones Under the Microscope Next, we delve into the latest revelations from NASA's Juno mission, which is providing new insights into Jupiter's ferocious polar cyclones and the volcanic activity on its moon Io. With fresh observations, scientists are uncovering the dynamics of Jupiter's atmosphere and the subsurface temperature profile of Io, shedding light on the gas giant's extreme weather patterns and the moon's geological activity.Out of Control Russian Spacecraft Finally, we discuss the impending re-entry of the Venera 8 spacecraft, a remnant of the Soviet era, which is expected to crash back to Earth on May 10. Launched in 1972, this spacecraft has been tumbling in low Earth orbit for over five decades. We examine the risks associated with its uncontrolled descent and the potential impact it may have upon re-entry.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ NASA Juno Mission https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is space Time Series 28, episode 54 for broadcast on the 5th May, 2025 00:48 Astronomers have discovered a vast invisible molecular, gas and dust cloud near Earth 12:40 Two key experiments are needed to help us understand the origin of Jupiter 15:42 A failed Soviet spacecraft designed to land on Venus is about to crash on Earth 19:00 New study claims people who use cannabis have higher risk of heart attack 21:12 New study claims ghost lanterns in South Carolina may be caused by earthquakes

This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you with the support of Incogni - take back control of your data online by getting Incogni for not very much money. To check our sprcial SpaceTime listeners deal, visit www,incogni.com/spacetime. In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries and updates from the cosmos. First, NASA's Curiosity Rover has revealed evidence of a carbon cycle on Mars, with significant carbon deposits found in Gale Crater. This finding, detailed in the journal Science, brings researchers closer to understanding Mars's potential to support life in its past. We discuss the implications of these findings and what they mean for the Red Planet's climatic history and habitability. Square Kilometer Array Update Next, we provide an exciting update on the billion-dollar Square Kilometer Array (SKA) project, the world's largest radio telescope currently under construction in Australia and South Africa. We explore how this massive facility will revolutionize our understanding of the universe, operating at unprecedented speeds and sensitivities. With 132,000 antennas spread over vast distances, the SKA aims to answer fundamental questions about gravity, magnetism, and the evolution of galaxies. Busy Times at the International Space Station Finally, we take a look at the bustling activity aboard the International Space Station. With recent crew returns and new cargo deliveries, including groundbreaking experiments on time measurement and gravitational research, the ISS continues to be a hub of scientific advancement. We discuss the latest missions and what they mean for future exploration and research in space. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Science https://www.science.org/ Square Kilometer Array https://www.skao.int/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is space Time Series 28, episode 53 for broadcast on 2 May 2025 00:25 NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover finds evidence of a carbon cycle on the Red Planet 03:51 Construction works well advanced on world's largest radio telescope, the SKA 07:40 Scientists are building the world's largest radio telescope to probe the deep universe 10:40 Three crew members from the International Space Station have successfully returned to Earth 13:44 Previous studies suggested H5N1 bird flu could spread easily between mammals 16:33 Australian Skeptics has debunked 15 popular supernatural claims 20:00 Some of the things people take seriously have since been proved to Be fake 24:23 Haunted locations are always dangerous. Are ghosts always dangerous? 

This episode of SpaceTime is brought you with the support of NordVPN...our official VPN service. To get your 74% discount plus 4 months extra for free, all with a 30 day money back guarantee, simply visit www.nordvpn.com/spacetime Support the show and check them out. In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the mysterious absence of river deltas on Titan, Saturn’s largest moon. Despite having rivers of methane and ethane, a new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research Planets reveals that Titan is largely devoid of these geological features, raising intriguing questions about its unique processes and history. We discuss the implications of this finding and what it means for our understanding of Titan's climate and geological past. Volcanic History of Mars Next, we explore groundbreaking research from NASA's Perseverance rover, which has uncovered a diverse array of iron-rich volcanic rocks in Jezero Crater. This study, reported in Science Advances, provides fresh insights into Mars's geological history and its potential to have supported ancient life. The findings reveal complex volcanic processes that may have occurred on the Red Planet, enhancing our understanding of its habitability. Rare Earth Metals in Exoplanet Atmosphere Finally, we celebrate the discovery of rare Earth metals in the atmosphere of Kelt 9b, one of the hottest known exoplanets. Astronomers have detected vaporized elements such as sodium, magnesium, and the rare Earth metals scandium and yttrium, marking a significant milestone in exoplanet research. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding the atmospheres of distant worlds and their unique compositions. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Journal of Geophysical Research Planets https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21699356 Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Astronomy and Astrophysics https://www.aanda.org/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 52 for broadcast on 30 April 2025 00:46 Scientists are looking for Titan's missing river deltas 06:02 NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover is analyzing Martian volcanic rocks 10:17 Astronomers have discovered rare Earth metals in the atmosphere of a hot exoplanet 17:58 People who were conceived during colder seasons store fat differently, study finds 20:25 YouTube is celebrating its 20th birthday with some interesting stats 22:16 Google to launch Android 16 three or four months earlier than Apple's iOS

This episode is brought to you with the support of  our sponsor, Incogni. To get your special Incogni deal visit www.incogni.com/spacetime. Incogni comes with a huge discount and a 30 day money back guarantee! Support the show and check them out. Don't share your data with anyone else unknowingly for another day. Get Inconi to fix it for you. In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing phenomena of coronal holes on the Sun and their significant impact on space weather. A new study published in Scientific Reports reveals how these magnetic windows are launching supersonic solar wind streams into the heliosphere, providing crucial insights for future solar monitoring missions like ESA's Vigil. We discuss the dangers posed by solar storms to Earth's infrastructure and how advanced forecasting can mitigate these risks. Watery Past of Mars Next, we uncover exciting findings from NASA's Perseverance rover, which suggest that Mars once had widespread water, as indicated by the presence of calcium sulfate minerals. Utilizing innovative X-ray backscattered diffraction techniques, scientists are piecing together the planet's geological history and its potential for past life. NASA's Lucy Mission Success Finally, we celebrate the successful flyby of the main belt asteroid Donaldjohanson by NASA's Lucy spacecraft. Captured images reveal its unique potato-like shape and complex geology, shedding light on the building blocks of our solar system. With future encounters on the horizon, Lucy aims to enhance our understanding of planetary formation. www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com ✍️ Episode References Scientific Reports https://www.nature.com/srep NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

In this episode of SpaceTime, we unveil groundbreaking evidence that challenges previously held theories about the origins of Earth's water. Recent findings published in the journal Icarus indicate that rather than being delivered by asteroids and comets, Earth's water may have formed alongside the planet itself. The study utilizes a unique meteorite known as the enstatite chondrite to reveal a rich source of hydrogen essential for water formation, reshaping our understanding of how life-sustaining conditions developed on Earth. The Enigmatic Magnetic Field of Mars Next, we delve into the curious case of Mars's magnetic field, which has puzzled scientists for decades. A new study suggests that the strange magnetic signatures observed on the Red Planet could be attributed to a partially molten core predominantly covering the southern hemisphere. This research provides fresh insights into Mars's geological history and the implications for its atmospheric evolution, as the planet transitioned from a warm, wet environment to the arid desert we see today. The Lyrids Meteor Shower Additionally, we celebrate one of humanity's oldest known meteor showers, the Lyrids, which are currently dazzling skywatchers. First recorded over 2,700 years ago, these meteors originate from comet Thatcher and promise a beautiful celestial display. Although not as prolific as other meteor showers, the Lyrids offer a captivating spectacle for stargazers, with expectations of 10 to 15 meteors per hour during peak viewing times. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 50 for broadcast on 25 April 2025 00:49 New evidence on the origins of Earth's water 06:30 Analysis of the enstatite chondrite meteorite 12:15 The mystery of Mars's magnetic field 18:00 Implications of a partially molten Martian core 22:45 Overview of the Lyrids meteor shower 27:00 Summary of recent astronomical findings 30:15 Science report: Health risks linked to food additives www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Icarus https://www.journals.elsevier.com/icarus Geophysical Research Letters https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19449224 NASA https://www.nasa.gov/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

This episode is brought to you with the support of  our sponsors, NordVPN and Incogni. To get your special NordVPN disvcount visit www.nordvpn.com/spacetime and your Incogni deal at www.incogni.com/spacetime. Both offers come with a 30 day money back guarantee! Support the show and check them out....recommended and used by the team here at SpaceTime. NASA's Lucy Mission, Neutrino Mass Breakthrough, and Martian Rock Discoveries In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into NASA's Lucy spacecraft as it prepares for a close flyby of the asteroid Donaldjohanson, located in the main asteroid belt. The spacecraft will autonomously track and observe this 3km wide space rock, gathering crucial data that could shed light on its peculiar formation and geological history. This encounter serves as a vital rehearsal for Lucy's upcoming mission to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, promising insights into the early solar system. A New Upper Limit for Neutrino Mass Next, we discuss a groundbreaking study that has established a new upper limit for the mass of the elusive neutrino, now determined to be less than 0.45 electron volts. This significant finding not only narrows the particle's mass range but also challenges existing theories in particle physics, pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe's fundamental forces. Intriguing Martian Richie Outcrops Additionally, we explore the fascinating discoveries made by NASA's Mars Perseverance rover on the rim of Jezero Crater. The rover has uncovered a diverse array of rock types, providing a unique glimpse into Martian history and the planet's potential for past habitability. With multiple rock samples collected and analyzed, Perseverance continues to unveil the geological secrets of the Red Planet. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 49 for broadcast on 23 April 2025 00:49 Lucy spacecraft's close encounter with asteroid Donaldjohanson 06:30 Insights into the asteroid's formation and geology 12:15 New upper limit established for neutrino mass 18:00 Implications for particle physics and the standard model 22:45 Mars Perseverance rover's discoveries on Jezero Crater 27:00 Summary of recent planetary exploration findings 30:15 Science report: Weather extremes and lab-grown chicken nuggets www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Science Journal https://www.science.org Planetary Science Journal https://www.planetarysciencereview.com NASA https://www.nasa.gov Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Hints of Alien Life, a Galactic Mystery, and Juno's Safe Mode Incident In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking revelations suggesting the potential for alien life beyond Earth. Using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have detected chemical signatures of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide in the atmosphere of the exoplanet K2 18 b, a sub-Neptune world located 124 light years away in the habitable zone of its host star. While these findings are incredibly promising, researchers urge caution as they work to confirm these biosignatures through further observations. A Surprising Spiral Galaxy from the Early Universe Next, we dive into the discovery of a surprisingly large spiral galaxy dating back 11.4 billion years, which challenges current models of galaxy formation. This massive galaxy, dubbed the "Big Wheel," is three times larger than expected for its time, prompting astronomers to rethink how galaxies can grow and evolve in the early universe. The implications of this finding could reshape our understanding of cosmic structure and formation processes. NASA's Juno Spacecraft in Safe Mode Additionally, we discuss a recent anomaly that forced NASA's Juno spacecraft to enter safe mode during a close flyby of Jupiter. The spacecraft's precautionary measures allowed it to protect its systems and continue diagnostics, ensuring the mission's ongoing success as it gathers vital data about the gas giant and its moons. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 48 for broadcast on 21 April 2025 00:49 Potential biosignatures detected on K2 18 b 06:30 Implications for the search for extraterrestrial life 12:15 Discovery of an ancient spiral galaxy in the early universe 18:00 Challenges to current galaxy formation models 22:45 Juno spacecraft enters safe mode after anomaly 27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries 30:15 Science report: Health benefits of sauerkraut and lunar dust solar panels www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/nature-astronomy/ Applied and Environmental Microbiology https://aem.asm.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

Exploring Uranus's Rotational Secrets, New Crew at the ISS, and the Dangers of Space Travel In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking measurements of Uranus's rotational rate, achieved with unprecedented accuracy by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. This new technique, which analyzed over a decade of observations of the planet's auroras, provides essential insights into Uranus's complex atmosphere and magnetic field, establishing a vital reference point for future planetary studies. A New Crew Arrives at the International Space Station Next, we cover the arrival of a new crew aboard the International Space Station, as the Russian Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft successfully docks with the orbiting outpost. The crew, consisting of two Russians and an American, will spend eight months conducting over 200 experiments and performing maintenance on the station. The Dangers of Going into Space Additionally, we discuss the various dangers associated with human spaceflight, including the effects of microgravity on the human body, radiation exposure, and the physical challenges astronauts face during long-duration missions. Experts from NASA highlight the ongoing research to ensure astronaut safety as humanity prepares for deeper space exploration. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 47 for broadcast on 18 April 2025 00:49 Hubble's measurements of Uranus's rotational rate 06:30 Implications for future planetary research 12:15 New crew arrival at the ISS aboard Soyuz MS-27 18:00 Overview of the crew's mission and experiments 22:45 Dangers of human spaceflight and health impacts 27:00 Summary of recent space exploration news 30:15 Science report: Lab-grown meat flavor innovations www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Nature https://www.nature.com NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ For the commercial-free editions of this podcast, become a supporter: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 46 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Unraveling Black Hole Jets, Martian Dust Devils, and Earth's Tectonic Mysteries In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking research that sheds light on how black holes generate their powerful plasma jets. A new study reveals that these jets are formed when superheated gas experiences a rapid shrinking towards the black hole's event horizon, offering insights into galaxy evolution and the fundamental physics of black holes. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding cosmic phenomena and the behavior of matter in extreme gravitational fields. NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover Observes Martian Twisters Next, we delve into the fascinating observations made by NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover, which has captured images of dust devils swirling on the rim of Jezero Crater. These dust devils, including one consuming another, provide important data on Martian atmospheric conditions and help refine our climate models of the Red Planet. The rover's findings highlight the role of these phenomena in influencing Martian weather and surface interactions. New Insights into Earth's Tectonic Plates Additionally, we discuss a new study that uncovers how anomalies in the Earth's mantle transition zone affect the movement of tectonic plates. The research suggests that thick basaltic rock compositions within this zone can influence the trajectory and speed of subducting plates, which is vital for understanding the recycling of surface materials and the long-term stability of Earth's climate. This discovery opens new avenues for studying plate tectonics and its implications for our planet's habitability. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 46 for broadcast on 16 April 2025 00:49 Mechanisms behind black hole jet formation 06:30 Implications for galaxy evolution and black hole physics 12:15 Mars Perseverance Rover's dust devil observations 18:00 Importance of dust devils in Martian climate studies 22:45 Insights into Earth's tectonic plate movement 27:00 Summary of recent geological findings 30:15 Science report: Social media's impact on body image www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/pasj Nature https://www.nature.com PLOS One https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

(00:00:00) Lunar Water Disparities Explored, Asteroid 2024 YR4's Moonbound Journey (00:00:46) Lunar Water Differences (00:03:47) Asteroid 2024 YR4: From Earth Threat to Lunar Target (00:06:33) Singing Stars and Galactic History (00:18:56) The Science Report (00:25:11) Show Wrap SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 45 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Uncovering Lunar Water Discrepancies, Asteroid 2024 YR4's Moon Targeting, and Stellar Seismology Insights In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the intriguing findings from China's Chang'e 6 sample return mission, which reveal that the Moon's far side is significantly drier than its near side. This discovery sheds light on the geochemical differences between the two hemispheres and offers fresh perspectives on lunar evolution and the implications for the Moon's origin. Asteroid 2024 YR4: From Earth Threat to Lunar Target Next, we track the journey of asteroid 2024 YR4, which initially garnered attention as a potential Earth impactor. However, new observations indicate that this 60-meter-wide asteroid is now on a collision course with the Moon, raising the likelihood of an impact to 3.5%. We discuss its unique characteristics and the ongoing studies aimed at understanding its origins and physical properties. Singing Stars and Galactic History Additionally, we explore how stellar seismology is revealing the evolutionary history of stars in the open cluster Messier 67. By analyzing the oscillations of these stars, astronomers can map the history of the Milky Way and gain insights into stellar evolution. This innovative approach provides a deeper understanding of the life cycles of stars and their contributions to galactic archaeology. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 45 for broadcast on 14 April 2025 00:49 Findings from Chang'e 6 about lunar water distribution 06:30 Implications for lunar evolution and origin theories 12:15 Asteroid 2024 YR4's trajectory and characteristics 18:00 Transition from Earth impactor to Moon target 22:45 Stellar seismology insights from Messier 67 27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries 30:15 Science report: Genetic engineering and the dire wolf www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Nature https://www.nature.com Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/0004-637X Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 44 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast New Discoveries About Uranus, the 2025 Space Environment Robert on Space Junk, and NASA's Starliner Testing Updates In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking insights into the atmosphere of Uranus, derived from two decades of observations by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. Uranus, an ice giant with its unique tilt and rotation, reveals complex atmospheric dynamics that scientists are just beginning to understand. We discuss the implications of Hubble's findings, including the distribution of methane and the changing aerosol structures as the planet approaches its northern summer solstice in 2030. The 2025 Space Environment Robert Next, we delve into the European Space Agency's 2025 Space Environment Robert, highlighting the growing challenge of space debris orbiting Earth. With thousands of defunct satellites and rocket stages contributing to the clutter, we examine the risks posed to operational spacecraft and the urgent need for international debris reduction measures. The report underscores the potential for catastrophic chain reactions in space, known as Kessler Syndrome, and the pressing need for sustainable practices in orbit. Nasa and Boeing's Starliner Testing Preparations Additionally, we provide updates on NASA and Boeing's ongoing efforts to address issues with the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft. Following a series of test flight challenges, the teams are preparing for new evaluations and propulsion system tests aimed at certifying Starliner for future crewed missions. We discuss the history of Starliner's difficulties and what lies ahead in its journey to becoming a reliable transport vehicle for astronauts. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 44 for broadcast on 11 April 2025 00:49 New insights into Uranus's atmospheric dynamics 06:30 Hubble's long-term observations and their implications 12:15 Overview of the 2025 Space Environment Robert 18:00 The growing threat of space debris 22:45 NASA and Boeing's Starliner testing updates 27:00 Summary of recent space exploration developments 30:15 Science report: Microplastics and health impacts www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References European Space Agency https://www.esa.int NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 43 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Exploring Venusian Volcanoes, the End of the Gaia Mission, and SpaceX's Historic Polar Orbit Launch In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the geological mysteries of Venus, where new research suggests that convection in its crust may explain the planet's numerous volcanoes. Unlike Earth, which supports life, Venus is a harsh environment with extreme temperatures and a crushing atmosphere. We discuss how this convection could indicate a more active geological landscape than previously understood, shedding light on the planet's evolution. The Conclusion of the Gaia Mission Next, we mark the end of an era as the European Space Agency officially powers down the Gaia spacecraft. After over a decade of groundbreaking work mapping the Milky Way, Gaia has provided invaluable data that has transformed our understanding of the galaxy. We highlight the mission's key achievements and the lasting legacy of its extensive data archive that will continue to inform astronomical research for years to come. SpaceX's Manned Polar Orbit Mission Additionally, we celebrate SpaceX's successful launch of its first manned mission to orbit above the Earth's poles. This historic flight, which included a variety of scientific experiments, showcases the capabilities of modern space travel and the potential for future polar exploration. We detail the mission's objectives, the crew's experiences, and the significance of this achievement in the context of human spaceflight. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 43 for broadcast on 9 April 2025 00:49 New study on volcanic activity on Venus 06:30 Implications of convection in Venus's crust 12:15 The end of the Gaia mission and its contributions 18:00 Highlights of Gaia's discoveries and data legacy 22:45 SpaceX's first manned polar orbit mission 27:00 Summary of recent space exploration milestones 30:15 Science report: Antibiotic use in livestock and environmental impacts www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors https://www.journals.elsevier.com/physics-of-the-earth-and-planetary-interiors European Space Agency https://www.esa.int Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 42 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Unraveling Antimatter Mysteries, New Techniques to Detect Dark Matter, and Insights into the Spectrum Rocket Failure In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking discoveries at the Large Hadron Collider, where physicists have identified a significant difference in the decay behaviors of ordinary matter and antimatter. This finding could provide vital clues to understanding why our universe is dominated by matter despite the Big Bang's creation of equal amounts of both. We explore the implications of these results and how they align with the Standard Model of particle physics. Innovative Approaches to Dark Matter Detection Next, we discuss an innovative new technique developed by researchers at the University of Queensland to detect dark matter using atomic clocks and cavity-stabilized lasers. This cutting-edge approach aims to uncover the elusive nature of dark matter, which constitutes about 80% of the universe yet remains largely a mystery. We examine how this method could lead to new insights into the distribution and properties of dark matter. Spectrum Rocket Launch Failure Investigation Additionally, we analyze the recent failure of the Spectrum rocket during its inaugural launch from Norway. Investigators are looking into the causes of the incident, which involved thrust vectoring oscillations leading to the rocket's loss of control. We discuss potential technical issues and what this means for future European orbital launches. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 42 for broadcast on 7 April 2025 00:49 Discovery of decay differences between matter and antimatter 06:30 Implications for understanding the universe's matter dominance 12:15 New techniques for detecting dark matter 18:00 Using atomic clocks for dark matter research 22:45 Analysis of the Spectrum rocket failure 27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments 30:15 Science report: Southern Ocean warming impacts www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 41 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Mysterious Red Sprite Lightning, Shocking Spherules on Mars, and a New Geological Map of the Asteroid Belt In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the breathtaking phenomenon of red sprite lightning captured over the Himalayas. Chinese astrophotographers documented over 100 of these rare electrical discharges, revealing insights into the complex thunderstorms of the region. We discuss the mechanisms behind these sprites and their implications for understanding upper atmospheric phenomena. Shocking Discoveries on Mars Next, we turn our attention to Mars, where NASA's Perseverance rover has uncovered a strange rock formation composed of hundreds of millimeter-sized spheres. This unexpected discovery raises questions about the geological processes that could create such features, prompting scientists to investigate their origins and significance for Mars' geological history. New Geological Map of the Asteroid Belt Additionally, we delve into a new geological map of the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, which has been developed to enhance our understanding of meteorite origins and planetary defense. This groundbreaking work traces the impact orbits of meteorites, providing a clearer picture of how asteroid collisions contribute to the debris we observe on Earth. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 41 for broadcast on 4 April 2025 00:49 Capturing red sprite lightning over the Himalayas 06:30 Mechanisms behind the upper atmospheric electrical discharges 12:15 Discovery of strange spherules on Mars 18:00 Implications for Martian geology and history 22:45 New geological map of the asteroid belt 27:00 Summary of recent astronomical findings 30:15 Skywatch: Highlights of April night skies www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Advances in Atmospheric Sciences https://www.springer.com/journal/13274 NASA https://www.nasa.gov Meteoritics and Planetary Science https://www.mps-journal.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 Scientists have captured rare images of red sprite lightning high above thunderstorms 05:20 The Mars Perseverance rover has discovered a strange rock composed of spheres 08:41 Knowing from what asteroid debris field meteorites originate is important for planetary defense efforts 14:10 April is Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Month, and so consider adopting pets 19:16 The Southern Cross is considered an important constellation for navigation 30:17 The Southern Cross appears to have four main stars and they make up shape 32:37 Brightness does not equate with distance; you've got to dig deeper 33:17 Canopus is the second brightest star in the night sky 36:36 Is that why the moon looks bigger on the horizon than it does high up 37:58 Take a look at Jupiter with a pair of binoculars 39:19 You need to be up before dawn to see Saturn, Mercury and Venus

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 40 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Largest Organic Molecule Discovered on Mars, Parker Solar Probe's Close Encounter with the Sun, and New Insights into Earth's Formation In this episode of SpaceTime, we discuss the remarkable discovery made by NASA's Curiosity Rover, which has identified the largest organic molecules ever found on Mars. These molecules, potentially remnants of fatty acids, suggest that prebiotic chemistry may have progressed further on the Red Planet than previously thought. We delve into the implications of these findings for future Mars sample return missions and the search for signs of past life. Parker Solar Probe's Record-Breaking Philip We also cover the Parker Solar Probe's successful close encounter with the Sun, where it reached an unprecedented distance of just 6.1 million kilometers from the solar surface. This flyby allowed for unique scientific observations of the Sun's corona and solar wind, providing crucial data that can enhance our understanding of solar phenomena and their impact on space weather. New Insights into Earth's Early Formation Additionally, we explore a groundbreaking study that challenges existing assumptions about the formation of Earth's lower mantle. Researchers have found evidence suggesting that the dynamics of Earth's early formation may have involved low-pressure crystallization, altering our understanding of how terrestrial planets evolve. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 40 for broadcast on 2 April 2025 00:49 Discovery of largest organic molecules on Mars 06:30 Implications for prebiotic chemistry and sample return missions 12:15 Parker Solar Probe's record-setting solar encounter 18:00 Observations of the Sun's corona and solar wind 22:45 New insights into Earth's lower mantle formation 27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments 30:15 Discussion on healthy aging and dietary patterns www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature https://www.nature.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 39 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Moon's Oldest Impact Crater Dated, NASA's Punch Mission Launches, and Europe's First Orbital Rocket Countdown In this episode of SpaceTime, we reveal groundbreaking findings that pinpoint the age of the Moon's oldest and largest impact crater, the Aitken Basin. Recent analysis of lunar regolith collected by China's Chang'e 6 mission indicates that this massive structure was formed approximately 4.25 billion years ago by a colossal asteroid impact. We discuss how this discovery enhances our understanding of the Moon's geological history and its role in the solar system's evolution. NASA's Punch Mission We also cover the successful launch of NASA's Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission, which is now in orbit and entering its commissioning phase. This innovative mission aims to make 3D observations of the Sun's corona and its transformation into solar wind, providing vital data to improve space weather predictions and protect our technology from solar storms. Countdown for Europe's First Orbital Rocket Launch Additionally, we discuss the countdown for mainland Europe's first orbital rocket launch, a significant milestone for the European space economy. The launch of the Spectrum rocket by ISA Aerospace from Norway's Andoya spaceport is poised to mark a new era in European space exploration, especially following recent setbacks due to geopolitical challenges and delays in existing launch systems. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 39 for broadcast on 31 March 2025 00:49 Dating the Moon's Aitken Basin 06:30 Analysis of lunar samples from Chang'e 6 mission 12:15 Overview of NASA's Punch mission and its objectives 18:00 Implications of solar wind studies for space weather prediction 22:45 Countdown for Europe's first orbital rocket launch 27:00 Summary of recent space exploration developments 30:15 Discussion on the impact of microplastics on photosynthesis www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References National Science Review https://www.nature.com/nsr/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov ISA Aerospace https://www.isa-aerospace.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 38 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Deep Insights into the Dark Universe, China's Lunar Ambitions, and NASA's New Aurora Mission In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into the latest findings from the European Space Agency's Euclid mission, which is shedding light on the mysterious force of dark energy and how it accelerates the universe's expansion. The recently released data reveals stunning images of billions of galaxies, providing crucial insights into the nature of dark energy and its effect on cosmic history. We discuss the mission's ambitious goals and how it aims to create detailed three-dimensional maps of the universe. China's Lunar Plans We also explore China's exciting announcement that it plans to land its first crewed mission on the Moon by 2030. With advancements in technology and infrastructure, including the Long March 10 rocket and the Mengzhou manned spacecraft, China is set to embark on a historic lunar exploration journey, aiming to establish a permanent base in collaboration with Russia. NASA's Aurora Study Additionally, we cover NASA's recent launch of the Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZI), designed to study the Earth's auroras from orbit. This innovative mission will map powerful electric currents in the upper atmosphere, enhancing our understanding of space weather and the interactions between solar storms and the Earth's magnetic field. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 38 for broadcast on 28 March 2025 00:49 Insights from the Euclid mission on dark energy 06:30 Analysis of the newly released data and its implications 12:15 Overview of China's lunar ambitions and mission details 18:00 NASA's EZI mission to study auroras 22:45 Discussion on the impact of solar storms on the Earth's atmosphere 27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments 30:15 Insights into health risks associated with marriage www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References European Space Agency https://www.esa.int/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov Chinese National Space Administration http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support. 00:00 European Space Agency's Euclid mission releases new data on dark energy 05:29 The Euclid Space Telescope is building the largest cosmic atlas ever made 10:26 A new NASA mission to study Earth's aurora lights has launched into orbit 12:02 A new study claims married men are three times more likely to be obese 13:35 A new study has found that Carnaby's cocksatoo lives 35 years 15:13 Seven West Media Network dumped nightly astrology spot to boost ratings

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 37 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Exciting New Exoplanet Discovery, Evolving Dark Energy, and Insights into the Moon's Magnetic Field In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the discovery of a potential new exoplanet, TOI 2818C, located over a thousand light years away in the constellation Papus. This intriguing planetary candidate is estimated to be 10 to 16 times the size of Earth and orbits its host star in less than 16 Earth days. We delve into the innovative transit timing variations method employed by astronomers, which revealed the presence of this companion planet alongside the hot Jupiter TOI 2818b, and discuss the implications for our understanding of planetary formation in hot Jupiter systems. Dark Energy's Mysterious Evolution We also explore a groundbreaking study suggesting that dark energy may be evolving over cosmic time scales. Utilizing data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), scientists are piecing together the largest three-dimensional map of the universe, revealing hints that dark energy's influence could be changing. This discovery could challenge current cosmological models and reshape our understanding of the universe's fate. Dynamic Lunar Magnetic Field Additionally, we examine findings from China's Chang'e 6 mission, which indicate that the Moon's magnetic field has been more dynamic and lasted longer than previously thought. The analysis of lunar samples reveals a resurgence of the magnetic field around 2.8 billion years ago, suggesting that the Moon's interior remains geologically active, challenging earlier beliefs about its magnetic history. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 37 for broadcast on 26 March 2025 00:49 Discovery of exoplanet TOI 2818C 06:30 Transit timing variations method explained 12:15 Implications for hot Jupiter planetary systems 18:00 Evolving dark energy and the DESI findings 22:45 Insights into the Moon's magnetic field dynamics 27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries 30:15 Discussion on the health impacts of sugary beverages www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1538-4357 Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument https://www.desi.lbl.gov/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 36 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Space Tornadoes Discovered in the Milky Way's Core, SpaceX's Starship to Undertake a Mission to Mars Next Year, and Stranded Astronauts Finally Return Home After Nine Months in Space In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the astonishing discovery of enormous space tornadoes swirling in the Milky Way's central core. Astronomers have unveiled these spectacular formations, detected using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), which reveal the dynamic processes surrounding the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. We discuss the implications of this find for our understanding of the galaxy's central molecular zone and the mechanisms driving material circulation within it. SpaceX's Ambitious Mars Mission We also cover SpaceX's plans for its Starship rocket, which is set to undertake its first mission to Mars next year. Elon Musk outlines the ambitious timeline for human colonization of the red planet, with unmanned missions paving the way for human exploration as early as 2029. We delve into the current status of the Starship program and its significance for future lunar and Martian endeavors. Return of Stranded Astronauts Additionally, we celebrate the safe return of NASA astronauts who were stranded aboard the International Space Station for nine months due to delays with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft. The crew's return aboard a SpaceX Dragon capsule marks the end of a dramatic saga that began with Starliner's initial launch. We recount the challenges faced by the astronauts and the implications for future crewed missions. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 36 for broadcast on 24 March 2025 00:49 Discovery of space tornadoes in the Milky Way 06:30 Implications for the central molecular zone 12:15 Overview of SpaceX's Mars mission plans 18:00 Status of the Starship program and its future 22:45 Return of stranded astronauts from the ISS 27:00 Summary of recent space exploration developments 30:15 Discussion on the impact of sleep patterns on mental health www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics https://www.aanda.org/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov SpaceX https://www.spacex.com Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 35 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Discovery of a New Planetary System, Stable Trio of Icy Worlds in the Kuiper Belt, and the Fascinating Concept of White Holes In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the groundbreaking discovery of a nearby planetary system orbiting Barnard's Star, the second closest star system to the Sun. Located just 5.96 light years away, this system comprises four small planets, each 20 to 30% the mass of Earth, revealing new insights into the potential for life beyond our solar system. We discuss the significance of these findings and the advanced techniques used to confirm their existence, including the innovative Maroon X instrument. Exploring the Kuiper Belt We also explore the remarkable discovery of a stable trio of small frozen worlds in the Kuiper Belt, cataloged as the Algiera system. This intriguing find, made using data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck Observatory, could potentially be only the second three-body system identified in this remote region, challenging existing theories about how such formations occur. Theoretical White Holes Additionally, we dive into the fascinating hypothesis suggesting that black holes may transition into white holes, ejecting matter and energy back into the universe. This revolutionary idea, rooted in quantum mechanics, opens up new possibilities for understanding the nature of black holes and the fundamental workings of the universe. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 35 for broadcast on 21 March 2025 00:49 Discovery of a planetary system around Barnard's Star 06:30 Significance of the findings and the Maroon X instrument 12:15 Overview of the Algiera system in the Kuiper Belt 18:00 Implications for our understanding of Kuiper Belt objects 22:45 Theoretical concepts of white holes and their significance 27:00 Summary of recent astronomical discoveries 30:15 Discussion on health risks associated with slushy drinks www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Planetary Science Journal https://www.springer.com/journal/11038 Physical Review Letters https://journals.aps.org/prl/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 34 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Supernovae's Role in Mass Extinctions, NASA's Stellar Mapping Mission, and New Moons of Saturn In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore a fascinating new study suggesting that nearby supernovae could have triggered at least two of Earth's mass extinction events. These violent stellar explosions may have stripped away the ozone layer, exposing life to harmful ultraviolet radiation and leading to significant ecological upheaval. We delve into the implications of these findings and how they reshape our understanding of Earth's history. Nasa's SPHEREx Mission We also discuss NASA's successful launch of the SPHEREx mission, designed to map the entire celestial sky in unprecedented detail. This mission aims to create a three-dimensional map of over 450 million galaxies, utilizing advanced spectroscopy techniques to analyze infrared light and uncover the mysteries of cosmic inflation and the ingredients necessary for life. Saturn's Expanding Moon Family Additionally, astronomers have made an exciting discovery of 128 new moons orbiting Saturn, bringing its total to 274. These tiny moonlets, likely remnants of larger captured moons, offer insights into the history and evolution of the Saturnian system. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 34 for broadcast on 19 March 2025 00:49 Supernovae and mass extinction events 06:30 The role of supernovae in Earth's history 12:15 Overview of NASA's SPHEREx mission 18:00 Spectroscopy and cosmic inflation studies 22:45 Discovery of new moons around Saturn 27:00 Summary of recent astronomical findings 30:15 Discussion on dietary changes in Australia by 2030 www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://academic.oup.com/mnras NASA https://www.nasa.gov Planetary Science Journal https://www.planetarysciencejournal.com/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 33 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast World's Oldest Meteor Impact Crater, Water Ice on the Moon, and the Secretive X37B Shuttle Returns In this episode of SpaceTime, we unveil the discovery of the world's oldest known meteor impact crater located in Western Australia. This ancient structure, dating back 3.5 billion years, was identified in the Pilbara region and challenges previous notions about Earth's geological history and the origins of life. We discuss the implications of this significant find, including its potential to reshape our understanding of crust formation and the environments conducive to early microbial life. Water Ice on the Moon We also delve into exciting new research suggesting that water ice may be found just centimeters below the lunar surface across a much larger area of the Moon's polar regions than previously believed. Based on observations from India's Chandrayaan 3 mission, these findings could greatly influence future lunar exploration and habitation efforts, highlighting the potential for accessible sources of water ice. The X37B Space Shuttle's Secret Mission Additionally, we cover the return of the United States Space Force's X37B space shuttle after a classified 434-day mission. The shuttle's successful landing at Vandenberg Space Force Base marks another milestone in its ongoing operations, which include specialized testing and reconnaissance in orbit. We explore the implications of this mission for national security and the future of space operations. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 33 for broadcast on 17 March 2025 00:49 Discovery of the world's oldest meteor impact crater 06:30 Implications for Earth's geological history 12:15 Overview of potential water ice locations on the Moon 18:00 Findings from the Chandrayaan 3 mission 22:45 Return of the X37B space shuttle 27:00 Summary of recent scientific developments 30:15 Discussion on advancements in HIV prevention www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/naturecommunications/ Communications Earth and Environment https://www.nature.com/commsenv/ NASA https://www.nasa.gov Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 32 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Martian Minerals Indicating Ancient Life, World's Most Powerful Gamma Ray Observatory, and Ariane 6 Rocket Operations Begin In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking findings from NASA's Perseverance rover, which has discovered unusual rocks on Mars' Jezero crater rim, hinting at the possibility of ancient life. The rocks, rich in kaolinite, typically form in warm, wet environments, suggesting that Mars may have once hosted conditions suitable for life. We delve into the implications of these findings and what they reveal about the planet's watery past. Advancements in Gamma Ray Astronomy We also discuss the European Commission's green light for the construction of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, projected to become the world's most powerful gamma ray observatory. This ambitious project aims to vastly expand our understanding of high-energy astronomical phenomena, potentially revealing the origins of gamma rays and their impact on galaxy formation and evolution. Europe's New Rocket Era Additionally, we celebrate the successful launch of Europe's new Ariane 6 rocket, marking a significant milestone in the continent's space capabilities. This mission, which deployed the French CSO 3 reconnaissance satellite, signifies a return to independent access to space for Europe, following a series of delays and challenges. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 32 for broadcast on 14 March 2025 00:49 Discovery of kaolinite rocks on Mars 06:30 Implications for ancient Martian life 12:15 Overview of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory 18:00 Advancements in gamma ray astronomy 22:45 Successful launch of the Ariane 6 rocket 27:00 Summary of significant scientific developments 30:15 Discussion on recent studies in environmental science www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Communications Earth and Environment https://www.nature.com/commsenv/ Geology https://www.geosociety.org/geoabstracts/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 31 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Beaches on Mars, Water's Early Emergence in the Universe, and Voyager's Power Conservation In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the groundbreaking confirmation by China's Zhurong Mars rover, which has revealed that ancient ocean beaches once graced Mars' northern hemisphere. Using advanced ground-penetrating radar, scientists have discovered sedimentary structures resembling Earth's coastal deposits, suggesting that the Red Planet once harbored a significant body of water, potentially creating habitable environments for microbial life. Water's Early Role in the Universe We also discuss a new study indicating that water may have formed in the universe much earlier than previously thought, just 100 to 200 million years after the Big Bang. This discovery suggests that habitable planets could have begun forming before the first galaxies, with primordial supernovae playing a crucial role in producing the necessary oxygen for water molecules. Navigating Voyager's Future Additionally, we cover NASA's difficult decision to turn off several scientific instruments aboard the Voyager spacecraft to conserve energy and extend their missions. With Voyager 1 and 2 now over 23 and 19 light hours away from Earth, respectively, these measures are essential to prolonging the iconic spacecraft's ability to collect unique data from interstellar space. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 31 for broadcast on 12 March 2025 00:49 Confirmation of ancient beaches on Mars 06:30 Implications for Martian habitability 12:15 Water's early emergence in the universe 18:00 Role of supernovae in water formation 22:45 Voyager spacecraft power conservation efforts 27:00 Overview of the latest scientific studies 30:15 Discussion on gender differences in romantic relationships www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/ Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 30 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Earth's Jessica Cycles, Starship's Latest Failure, and Lunar Landings in Trouble In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore a groundbreaking discovery linking Earth's ice age cycles to its orbital shifts. Recent research indicates a predictable pattern for glacial and interglacial periods, suggesting the onset of the next ice age could occur in approximately 10,000 years. This insight stems from a million-year climate record that matches changes in Earth's orbit with significant climate shifts. Starship's Crash and Burn We also discuss the latest mishap involving SpaceX's Starship, which experienced a dramatic failure just seconds before achieving orbit. The test flight ended in a spectacular explosion over the Caribbean, prompting multiple investigations into the incident. This marks the second consecutive failure for SpaceX's ambitious rocket program, raising concerns about its future, particularly in relation to NASA's Artemis lunar missions. New Developments on the Moon Additionally, we report on the recent successful landing of Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost lander on the lunar surface, marking a milestone in commercial lunar exploration. However, not all lunar missions are faring well, as Intuitive Machines' IM2 lander appears to have landed on its side, echoing past failures. Meanwhile, NASA's Lunar Trailblazer has lost communication, raising further concerns about its operational status. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 30 for broadcast on 10 March 2025 00:49 Linking Earth's ice age cycles to orbital shifts 06:30 Predicting the next ice age 12:15 Overview of SpaceX's Starship crash 18:00 Implications for NASA's Artemis program 22:45 Successful landing of Blue Ghost on the Moon 27:00 Challenges faced by IM2 and Lunar Trailblazer missions 30:15 Study on vaping and smoking cessation www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Journal of the American Medical Association https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama Science https://www.sciencemag.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 29 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Exploring Callisto's Ocean Potential, Laser Fossil Detection on Mars, and ISS Cleanliness Concerns In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into exciting new research suggesting that Jupiter's moon Callisto may harbor a subsurface ocean, potentially making it another ocean world in our solar system. This revelation builds on data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft, which hinted at the presence of a salty liquid water ocean beneath Callisto's icy crust. Advanced modeling techniques have strengthened these claims, setting the stage for further exploration by NASA's Europa Clipper and ESA's Juice missions. Lasers on Mars: Searching for Ancient Life We also discuss innovative research that proposes using lasers to identify ancient microbial fossils on Mars. Scientists have successfully detected microbial fossils in gypsum on Earth, raising hopes that similar techniques could uncover evidence of past life on the Red Planet. The findings suggest that gypsum deposits on Mars could conceal traces of ancient life, preserved in mineral formations that formed when water evaporated billions of years ago. Health Implications of Sterility on the ISS Additionally, we explore a new study indicating that the overly sterile environment of the International Space Station may be negatively impacting astronaut health. The research suggests that introducing a diverse range of microbes could potentially alleviate immune dysfunction and other health issues experienced by crew members during long missions in space. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 29 for broadcast on 7 March 2025 00:49 New findings on Callisto's potential subsurface ocean 06:30 Implications for future missions to Jupiter's moons 12:15 Using lasers to detect ancient life on Mars 18:00 Analysis of gypsum deposits and their significance 22:45 Concerns regarding ISS cleanliness and astronaut health 27:00 Overview of March's night sky and celestial events 30:15 Celebrating PI Day and its significance in astronomy www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov AGU Advances https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23335784 Cell https://www.cell.com/ Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/astronomy-and-space-sciences Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.

The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Earth's Climate Shaped by Orion, New Insights into Mars' Red Color, and NASA's Europa Clipper Mission Update In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore a groundbreaking study suggesting that Earth's climate may have undergone significant changes around 14 million years ago due to our solar system's journey through the Orion star-forming region. Researchers propose that this passage may have compressed the heliosphere, increasing interstellar dust influx and potentially impacting Earth's climate and geological records. Revisiting Mars' Iconic Hue We also discuss new findings that challenge previous assumptions about why Mars is red. Recent research indicates that the planet's rusted appearance may be linked to a wetter history, with liquid water playing a crucial role in the formation of iron oxides. This revelation reshapes our understanding of Mars' habitability and environmental conditions in its ancient past. NASA's Europa Clipper Mission Additionally, we provide an exciting update on NASA's Europa Clipper mission, which has successfully completed a close gravity assist flyby of Mars. This maneuver not only altered the spacecraft's trajectory towards Jupiter but also allowed mission managers to test its radar instrument and thermal imager, setting the stage for its upcoming encounters with the icy moon Europa. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 28 for broadcast on 5 March 2025 00:49 Impact of the solar system's journey through Orion on Earth's climate 06:30 Details on the Radcliffe Wave and its significance 12:15 New insights into Mars' red color and history of water 18:00 Analysis of iron oxides and implications for Martian habitability 22:45 Overview of NASA's Europa Clipper mission and its flyby of Mars 27:00 The importance of gravity assists in space missions 30:15 Health implications of screen time on children's vision www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms Astronomy and Astrophysics https://www.aanda.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 27 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Asteroid 2024 YR4 Impact Risk Reduced, Insights into Mars' Core, and NASA's Lunar Mission Update In this episode of SpaceTime, we bring you encouraging news about asteroid 2024 YR4, with new observations indicating that the chances of it impacting Earth have plummeted to just 0.001%. Initially flagged as a potential threat, this asteroid has been closely monitored, and the latest data from the Very Large Telescope has allowed astronomers to refine its orbit and rule out any collision risk for 2032. Exploring the Martian Core We also delve into a fascinating new study regarding the composition of Mars' core. Research suggests that while it may contain a liquid outer core, there could also be a solid inner core composed of iron and sulfur. This breakthrough could reshape our understanding of the Red Planet's geophysical properties and the role of lighter elements in its core. NASA's Latest Lunar Mission Additionally, we provide an update on NASA's latest lunar mission, which has successfully launched and is heading towards the Moon's south pole. The mission features the Intuitive Machines IM2 spacecraft, equipped with the Athena lunar lander and the Lunar Trailblazer orbiter, both designed to conduct groundbreaking research and resource utilization studies on the lunar surface. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 27 for broadcast on 3 March 2025 00:49 Update on asteroid 2024 YR4 impact probability 06:30 Importance of new observations from the Very Large Telescope 12:15 Insights into the Martian core composition 18:00 Research on solid inner core possibilities 22:45 Overview of NASA's lunar IM2 mission 27:00 Archaeological discovery of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh's tomb 30:15 Discussion on the cultural significance of the Skinwalker Ranch series www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms Journal of Geophysical Research https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21699356 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-astronomy-science-news--2458531/support. 00:00 New observations have all but completely ruled out asteroid 2024 yr, uh 4 hitting Earth 00:49 New observations all but rule out asteroid 2020 yr 4 hitting Earth in 2032 04:23 New research suggests the Martian core may be at least partially solid 09:06 NASA's latest commercial lunar Payload Services Initiative mission launches on SpaceX rocket 12:48 The Prime One suite includes the Trident drill and the MSOLO spectrometer 18:03 This would be the second lunar landing for intuitive machines 21:22 Ocean currents may be able to withstand future global warming, study finds 23:10 Archaeologists have uncovered the tomb of an ancient Egyptian pharaoh 24:31 The History Channel Secret of Skinwalker Ranch is an alleged reality series

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 26 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Asteroid Ryugu's Salty Secrets, Solar Orbiter's Venus Encounter, and NASA's Lunar Resource Exploration In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the recent findings from the asteroid Richie, where scientists have discovered evidence of salt minerals, hinting at the presence of saline water in the outer solar system. This exciting revelation parallels previous discoveries from asteroid Bennu and enhances our understanding of the chemical history of these celestial bodies. Europe's Solar Orbiter and Venus We also explore the European Space Agency's Solar Orbiter spacecraft as it prepares for a close flyby of Venus. This maneuver will allow the spacecraft to adjust its orbit significantly, enabling unprecedented observations of the Sun's polar regions, which have remained elusive from Earth. The encounter will provide critical data to improve our understanding of solar activity and its impact on space weather. NASA's Polar Ice Experiment Additionally, we discuss NASA's Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment (PRIME 1), which aims to analyze the Moon's subsurface for potential resources. This mission is pivotal for future manned lunar explorations under the Artemis program, as it seeks to identify local resources that can support sustained human presence on the Moon. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 26 for broadcast on 28 February 2025 00:49 Evidence of salt minerals in Richie samples 06:30 Implications for understanding outer solar system water 12:15 Solar Orbiter's close encounter with Venus 18:00 The significance of observing the Sun's polar regions 22:45 NASA's PRIME 1 mission and lunar resource exploration 27:00 Overview of recent findings on night owls and diabetes 30:15 The impact of glacier melting and climate change www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov European Space Agency https://www.esa.int Nature Journal https://www.nature.com/ Journal of Diabetes https://www.diabetesjournals.org/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 25 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Two Arrows of Time, Ancient Rocks on Mars, and NASA's Lunar Trailblazer Mission In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into a groundbreaking discovery by physicists revealing the possibility of two distinct arrows of time emerging from the quantum realm. This fascinating research challenges our conventional understanding of time, suggesting that it may not flow in just one direction, but could theoretically move both forwards and backwards under certain quantum conditions. NASA's Perseverance Rover Finds Ancient Martian Rocks We also highlight the latest findings from NASA's Perseverance rover, which has uncovered new types of rocks that may be the oldest material ever found on Mars. As the rover continues its Crater Rim campaign, it is providing critical insights into the geological history of the Red Planet and the potential for ancient habitable environments. Countdown to NASA's Lunar Trailblazer Mission Additionally, we preview the upcoming launch of NASA's Lunar Trailblazer mission, designed to search for water ice on the Moon. The mission aims to map the distribution and form of lunar water, contributing vital information for future manned and robotic missions to the Moon. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 25 for broadcast on 26 February 2025 00:49 Discovery of two arrows of time in quantum physics 06:30 Implications for our understanding of time 12:15 Perseverance rover's exploration of ancient Martian rocks 18:00 The significance of the Crater Rim campaign 22:45 Overview of NASA's Lunar Trailblazer mission 27:00 The importance of mapping lunar water resources 30:15 Health concerns linked to aspartame consumption www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Scientific Reports https://www.nature.com/srep Cell Metabolism https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-astronomy-science-news--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 24 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Asteroid Impact Odds, Lunar Grand Canyons, and NASA's Stranded Astronauts In this episode of SpaceTime, we discuss the alarming increase in the odds of asteroid 2024 YR4 impacting Earth, now estimated at 3.1% for December 22, 2032. This asteroid, measuring between 40 to 90 meters, poses a significant threat, and we delve into the implications of planetary defense strategies that could be employed to mitigate this risk. The Origins of the Moon's Grand Canyons We also explore new research that suggests the Moon's massive canyons, Vallis Schrodinger and Valles Plank, were carved out by asteroid impacts in a mere 10 minutes. This groundbreaking study provides insights into the Moon's geological history and will have important implications for future lunar missions, particularly the upcoming Artemis program. NASA's Stranded Astronauts Additionally, we cover the latest developments regarding NASA astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wiltmore, who have been stranded aboard the International Space Station since June 2024. With the potential for an earlier return home due to a change in SpaceX's Crew 10 mission schedule, we discuss the challenges they faced during their extended stay in orbit. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 24 for broadcast on 24 February 2025 00:49 Increased odds of asteroid 2024 YR4 impact 06:30 Implications for planetary defense strategies 12:15 The formation of lunar canyons from asteroid impacts 18:00 Insights from the Schrodinger impact basin study 22:45 NASA astronauts' potential early return to Earth 27:00 Overview of La Nina's arrival in the eastern Pacific 30:15 The implications of losing the sense of taste www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ NOAA https://www.noaa.gov Journal of the American Medical Association https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/journals/jvp Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-astronomy-science-news--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 23 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Snowball Earth Evidence, Blue Origin's Parachute Failure, and the Moon Illusion Explained In this episode of SpaceTime, we dive into groundbreaking geological research that provides compelling evidence for the Snowball Earth hypothesis, suggesting that glaciers may have covered the planet from pole to pole hundreds of millions of years ago. This research reveals insights into Earth's climatic history and the emergence of multicellular life following this extreme glaciation event. Blue Origin's Lunar Gravity Mission We also discuss the recent Blue Origin mission, where the New Shepard spacecraft experienced a parachute failure during a lunar gravity simulation flight. Despite the malfunction, mission managers confirm that the capsule was designed to land safely with two parachutes, and investigations are underway to understand the issue. The Moon Illusion: Why Does It Appear Larger on the Horizon? Additionally, we explore the fascinating phenomenon known as the Moon illusion, which causes the Moon to appear larger when it is near the horizon compared to when it is high in the sky. We delve into the psychological and perceptual factors that contribute to this optical illusion, despite the Moon's actual size remaining constant. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 23 for broadcast on 21 February 2025 00:49 Evidence supporting the Snowball Earth hypothesis 06:30 Implications for Earth's climatic history 12:15 Blue Origin's lunar gravity mission details 18:00 Analysis of parachute failure during descent 22:45 The Moon illusion and its psychological explanations 27:00 Understanding optical illusions in astronomy 30:15 The self-domestication of wolves and its implications www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org New England Journal of Medicine https://www.nejm.org Royal Society B https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-astronomy-science-news--2458531/support. Show notes created by https://headliner.app --- 🎙️ Thanks for podcasting with Headliner!

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 22 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast New Van Allen Radiation Belts, Alien Oceans and Signs of Life, and the Largest Black Hole Radio Jet Ever Detected In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover the discovery of two new temporary Van Allen radiation belts created by a massive solar storm that struck Earth in May 2024. This event not only produced stunning auroras but also highlighted the importance of understanding the dynamics of radiation belts for the safety of satellites and astronauts. The findings, reported by NASA's Colorado Inner Radiation Belt Experiment, reveal that these belts can last significantly longer than previously thought, with implications for future solar storms and spaceflight safety. Searching for Life in Alien Oceans We also explore the challenges of detecting signs of extraterrestrial life in the subsurface oceans of icy moons like Saturn's Enceladus. A new study suggests that the unique physics of these oceans could hinder the movement of biological signatures from deep waters to the surface, complicating the search for life beyond Earth. This research emphasizes the need to understand ocean dynamics in the search for life in our solar system. The Largest Black Hole Radio Jet in the Early Universe Additionally, astronomers have identified the largest radio jet ever seen in the early universe, spanning an astonishing 200,000 light years. This discovery sheds light on the formation of massive jets and quasars, providing crucial insights into the evolution of galaxies in the early cosmos. The quasar, which formed when the universe was just 9% of its current age, challenges previous assumptions about the conditions needed for such powerful jets to form. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 22 for broadcast on 19 February 2025 00:49 Discovery of new Van Allen radiation belts 06:30 Implications of the May solar storm 12:15 Challenges in detecting life in Enceladus's oceans 18:00 The significance of ocean dynamics in extraterrestrial life searches 22:45 The largest black hole radio jet ever observed 27:00 Understanding quasars and their impact on galaxy evolution 30:15 The implications of AI self-replication www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Geophysical Research Space Physics https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19448007 Communications and Earth Environment https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 21 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Shifting Dynamics of Earth's Inner Core, China's Lunar South Pole Mission, and Insights into Hot Jupiter Exoplanets In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking research revealing that Earth's inner core may be less solid than previously believed. A new study indicates that the near surface of the inner core is undergoing structural transformations, influenced by interactions with the turbulent outer core. This discovery provides fresh insights into the dynamics of Earth's core and its impact on the planet's magnetic field and rotation. China's Chang'e 7 Mission: A Quest for Lunar Water Ice We also discuss China's upcoming Chang'e 7 mission, set to launch next year, which aims to search for water ice at the lunar south pole. This mission will employ advanced technologies to locate and analyze water ice deposits, crucial for supporting future manned missions to the Moon and beyond. The Chang'e 7 mission will include an orbiter, lander, rover, and a mobile hopper designed for traversing shadowed craters. Hot Jupiter Progenitor: New Discoveries in Exoplanet Research Additionally, we delve into the fascinating discovery of a hot Jupiter exoplanet with an eccentric orbit, shedding light on the formation processes of these gas giants. The research indicates that this planet has likely been influenced by a binary star system, providing new evidence for the mechanisms behind hot Jupiter migration and evolution. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 21 for broadcast on 17 February 2025 00:49 New findings on Earth's inner core 06:30 Overview of China's Chang'e 7 mission 12:15 Insights from the discovery of a hot Jupiter exoplanet 18:00 Implications for planetary formation theories 22:45 The significance of lunar water ice for future missions 27:00 Understanding the dynamics of celestial bodies 30:15 The impact of climate change on global temperatures www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Geoscience https://www.nature.com/ngeo/ Journal of Nature Climate Change https://www.nature.com/nclimate/ Macquarie University https://www.mq.edu.au Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 20 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast New Discoveries on Earth's Elements, Uranus's Moon Ariel, and the Fate of Comet Atlas In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into a groundbreaking study that challenges long-held beliefs about the origins of Earth's missing moderately volatile elements, such as copper and zinc. This research suggests that rather than being lost during the early formation of the solar system, these essential elements were likely retained by the first planetesimals and lost later due to violent cosmic collisions during planetary growth, reshaping our understanding of planetary chemistry and habitability. Uranus's Moon Ariel: A Window to Its Interior We also explore the fascinating trench-like features on Uranus's moon Ariel, which may serve as conduits for internal materials. New research indicates that these medial grooves could provide insights into Ariel's geological history and potential subsurface oceans, highlighting the complex interplay of tectonic and volcanic activities on the moon's surface. Comet Atlas: A Dying Wonder Additionally, we discuss the fate of Comet G3 Atlas, which has recently passed perilously close to the Sun, resulting in the fragmentation of its nucleus. As it fades from view, Atlas becomes a headless wonder, leaving behind a trail of debris that will continue to orbit the Sun. This episode also features a look at the stunning night skies of February, including the iconic constellations and celestial events to observe. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 20 for broadcast on 14 February 2025 00:49 New insights into Earth's missing elements 06:30 Trench-like features on Uranus's moon Ariel 12:15 The demise of Comet G3 Atlas 18:00 February night sky highlights 22:45 The constellation Orion and its myths 27:00 Exploring the Pleiades and other celestial wonders 30:15 The significance of the Milky Way in stargazing www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Planetary Science Journal https://www.journals.elsevier.com/planetary-science-journal Sky and Telescope https://skyandtelescope.org Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 19 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast New Insights into Earth's Water, Asteroid Bennu's Composition, and Marsquake Triggers In this episode of SpaceTime, we investigate a groundbreaking study that challenges previous beliefs about when water arrived on Earth. New findings suggest that water may have come in during the later stages of Earth’s formation, providing fresh perspectives on the origins of life on our planet. The study highlights the importance of molybdenum isotopes in understanding the timing of water delivery and the conditions necessary for life. Searles Lake and Asteroid Bennu We also explore the intriguing similarities between Searles Lake in California and the asteroid Bennu, as researchers find that both environments share common water-soluble minerals. The Osiris Rex mission has revealed that Bennu's samples contain evaporite minerals formed under wet conditions, shedding light on the potential for life-sustaining elements in our solar system's past. Meteoroid Impacts and Marsquakes Additionally, a new study indicates that meteoroid impacts may play a more significant role in triggering marsquakes than previously considered. Analyses from NASA's Mars InSight lander reveal that many seismic events on Mars could be linked to impacts, challenging existing assumptions about the planet's seismic activity. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 19 for broadcast on 12 February 2025 00:49 Water arrival on Earth 06:30 Searles Lake and asteroid Bennu 12:15 Meteoroid impacts and Marsquakes 18:00 Changes in men's height and weight 22:45 Discovery of ancient bird fossils in Antarctica 27:00 The best way to boil an egg 30:15 AI and national security concerns www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth checking out... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry https://www.elsevier.com/journals/geochemistry-and-cosmochemistry Nature https://www.nature.com Geophysical Research Letters https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19448007 Biology Letters https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/bl Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/ncomms/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 18 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Asteroid Threat Level Rusty, Dark Matter Experiment, and Martian Lava Rocks In this episode of SpaceTime, we discuss the alarming increase in the threat level of near-Earth asteroid 2024 YR4, now assessed at a 2.3% chance of impacting Earth on December 22, 2032. With astronomers worldwide closely monitoring its trajectory, we explore the potential consequences of an impact from this asteroid, including the possibility of a catastrophic airburst or a significant surface collision. New Dark Matter Experiment in Space We also delve into an ambitious new experiment aimed at uncovering the mysteries of dark matter. Researchers are testing a device that could potentially detect dark matter by measuring tiny signals in a zero-gravity environment. This groundbreaking approach seeks to provide insights into the elusive substance that constitutes approximately 85% of the universe's mass. Insights from Martian Lava Rocks Additionally, we examine findings from NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover, which are shedding light on a critical period in Martian history. The analysis of igneous rocks in Jezero Crater suggests that the Martian crust was formed through widespread volcanism, offering a glimpse into the planet's geological evolution and its implications for understanding the early solar system. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 18 for broadcast on 10 February 2025 00:49 Increased threat from asteroid 2024 YR4 06:30 New dark matter detection experiment in space 12:15 Martian lava rocks and the history of the Red Planet 18:00 Microplastics accumulation in the human brain 22:45 WHO review on radio wave exposure and cancer 27:00 Genetically modified rice with reduced methane emissions 30:15 Jane Goodall's belief in Sasquatch and its implications www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Journal of Science Advances https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv Nature Medicine https://www.nature.com/nm/ Molecular Plant https://www.cell.com/molecular-plant/home Australian Skeptics https://www.skeptics.com.au Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 17 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Volcanic Activity on Io, Ceres and the Building Blocks of Life, and New Exoplanet Search Technology In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the astonishing discovery of the largest volcanic hotspot ever observed on Jupiter's moon, Io. NASA's Juno mission reveals a feature that dwarfs Earth's Lake Superior and produces eruptions with six times the energy output of all the world's power plants. This unprecedented volcanic activity is driven by intense gravitational interactions with Jupiter, resulting in a dynamic landscape riddled with approximately 400 volcanoes. The Mystery of Ceres' Organic Compounds We also delve into new findings regarding the dwarf planet Ceres, where scientists have determined that organic deposits on its surface likely did not originate from its interior. Instead, these building blocks of life may have arrived through impacts from meteoroids, raising questions about the origins of life-sustaining compounds in our solar system. Advancements in Exoplanet Detection Technology Additionally, we discuss the latest advancements in technology designed to search for Earth-like exoplanets. The newly developed coronagraph for NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will significantly enhance our ability to directly image distant planets by blocking out starlight, paving the way for future missions aimed at identifying habitable worlds beyond our solar system. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 17 for broadcast on 7 February 2025 00:49 Discovery of a massive volcanic hotspot on Io 06:30 Insights into organic compounds on Ceres 12:15 New technology for exoplanet detection 18:00 Omega-3 fatty acids and biological aging 22:45 Infants' sense of smell development 27:00 Tasmania's tallest trees documented 30:15 Flat Earth theory and recent Antarctic explorations www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature https://www.nature.com Journal of Geophysical Research https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/21699356 Journal of Astrobiology https://www.journals.elsevier.com/astrobiology Australian Journal of Biology Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 16 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast New Discoveries on the Moon, Venus Exploration, and Titan's Atmosphere In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into a groundbreaking study revealing that the Moon may not be as geologically inactive as previously believed. Observations of small ridges on the lunar far side suggest recent tectonic activity, indicating that the Moon's geological history is more dynamic than once thought. Researchers found that these features, formed within the last 200 million years, could have significant implications for future lunar missions. NASA's Davinci Mission to Venus We also discuss NASA's upcoming Davinci mission, set to explore the mysteries of Venus. This innovative mission will deploy a descent probe into the planet's thick atmosphere, capturing high-resolution images and analyzing its unique geological features, including the ancient Tesserae that may provide insights into Venus's past. Understanding Titan's Atmosphere Additionally, we explore new research on Saturn's moon Titan, which maintains its dense nitrogen-rich atmosphere through chemical reactions occurring deep beneath its surface. The findings suggest that Titan's atmosphere, which features liquid methane rain and a complex organic chemistry, is replenished by internal processes that have puzzled scientists since its discovery. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 16 for broadcast on 5 February 2025 00:49 New findings on the geological activity of the Moon 06:30 Overview of NASA's Davinci mission to Venus 12:15 How Titan maintains its atmosphere 18:00 Increase in temperature-related deaths in Europe 22:45 Discovery of magma chambers in dormant volcanoes 27:00 Creation of bipaternal mice using stem cell engineering 30:15 Overview of Deepseek AI chatbot www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Planetary Science Journal https://www.elsevier.com/journals/planetary-science-journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15252027 Nature Medicine https://www.nature.com/nm/ Nature Geoscience https://www.nature.com/ngeo/ Cell Stem Cell https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/home TechAdvice Life https://www.techadvice.life/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 15 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Building Blocks of Life on Asteroid Bennu, New Asteroid Threat, and Lunar Dome Mission In this episode of SpaceTime, we uncover groundbreaking discoveries from the asteroid Bennu, where scientists have detected the molecular building blocks of life in samples returned by NASA's Osiris Rex spacecraft. These findings indicate a rich history of salt water on Bennu, suggesting that the essential conditions for life may have been widespread throughout the early solar system. The analysis reveals 14 amino acids and five nucleobases, hinting at the potential for life beyond Earth. A New Asteroid Threat to Earth We also discuss the newly identified asteroid 2024 YR4, which poses a significant risk with a 1 in 83 chance of impact on December 22, 2032. This near-Earth object, measuring between 40 and 100 meters wide, has astronomers concerned due to its potential for causing a powerful airburst explosion or even a surface impact. Investigating Mysterious Lunar Domes Additionally, NASA is gearing up for a mission to explore the enigmatic Gruthusen domes on the Moon, as part of the Lunar Vice mission by Firefly Aerospace. This mission aims to unravel the origins of these dome-like structures and assess the Moon's volcanic history, providing insights into its evolution and potential resources for future exploration. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 15 for broadcast on 3 February 2025 00:49 Discovery of building blocks of life in Bennu samples 06:15 New asteroid threat 2024 YR4 12:30 NASA's Lunar Vice mission to study lunar domes 18:00 CIA assessment on COVID-19 origins 22:45 Elderberry juice and metabolic health 27:00 Feathered dinosaur tail preserved in amber 30:15 Link between UFO sightings and economic conditions www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature https://www.nature.com Nature Astronomy https://www.nature.com/natureastronomy/ Current Biology https://www.cell.com/current-biology/home Journal of Nutrients https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Australian Skeptics https://www.skeptics.com.au Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 14 The Astronomy, Space and Science News Podcast Asteroid from the Moon, Lunar Landers, and Trump’s Mars Ambitions In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore the intriguing discovery of a small asteroid, designated 2024 PT5, which is believed to be a fragment of the Moon ejected into space by a historic impact. This 10-meter wide near-Earth object offers new insights into both asteroid and lunar science, as researchers confirm its composition aligns closely with lunar rock samples. Two Lunar Landers Launch for the Moon SpaceX successfully launched two lunar landers, Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost and ispace's Resilience, as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program. These missions aim to deliver critical hardware to the Moon in preparation for a sustainable human presence under the Artemis program. Blue Ghost will conduct a variety of scientific experiments, including lunar subsurface drilling and thermal measurements, while Resilience will deploy a forward robotic micro rover to explore the lunar surface. Trump's Vision for Mars In a bold statement during his inauguration, US President Donald Trump pledged to plant the Stars and Stripes on Mars, reaffirming America’s commitment to space exploration. This ambitious goal aligns with SpaceX's plans to colonize the Red Planet, as both the US and China ramp up efforts for lunar and Martian exploration. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 14 for broadcast on 31 January 2025 00:49 Discovery of asteroid 2024 PT5 as a lunar fragment 06:30 Launch of Blue Ghost and Resilience lunar landers 12:15 President Trump's pledge to plant the flag on Mars 18:00 Risks associated with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists 22:45 New methods for zero carbon dioxide ammonia production 27:00 Discovery of the world’s oldest three-dimensional map 30:15 Concerns over unverified academic titles www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov SpaceX https://www.spacex.com Astrophysical Journal Letters https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205 Nature Medicine https://www.nature.com/nm/ Oxford Journal of Archaeology https://academic.oup.com/ojl Australian Skeptics https://www.skeptics.com.au Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 13 Mysteries of Water on Mars and the Origins of Earth's Moon In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore groundbreaking discoveries about the history of water on Mars. New research reveals thousands of mounds on the Martian northern plains, rich in clay minerals, indicating that this area was once submerged under a vast ocean. These findings, reported in Nature Geoscience, suggest that the mounds preserve a complete geological history of water on Mars, making them prime targets for future exploration missions searching for signs of past life. Could the Moon be a Piece of Earth? We also delve into a fascinating study proposing that the Moon could have formed from material ejected from the Earth's mantle rather than from the impact of a Mars-sized body, as previously thought. This new hypothesis, based on isotopic similarities between Earth and Moon samples, offers fresh insights into the origins of our lunar companion and the potential pathways for water to have reached Earth. Establishing a Permanent Presence on the Moon Additionally, we discuss the challenges and innovations required to establish a permanent human presence on the Moon as part of NASA's Artemis program. From 3D printing to robotics and artificial intelligence, experts outline the critical technologies needed to build infrastructure on the lunar surface and the hurdles that must be overcome to make this ambitious goal a reality. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 13 for broadcast on 29 January 2025 00:49 New evidence of ancient water on Mars 06:15 Could the Moon be a chunk of Earth? 12:30 Challenges of establishing a permanent lunar base 18:00 ADHD diagnosis linked to shorter lifespans 22:45 Catastrophic coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef 27:00 Blue rings in trees linked to volcanic eruptions 30:15 Samsung's new AI smartphones www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Nature Geoscience https://www.nature.com/ngeo/ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences https://www.pnas.org/ University of Sydney https://www.sydney.edu.au British Journal of Psychiatry https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry Frontiers in Plant Science https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science TechAdvice https://www.techadvice.life/ Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 12 Unveiling the Mysteries of Fast Radio Bursts and Mars' Geology In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the enigmatic origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs), those mysterious cosmic phenomena that release immense energy in mere nanoseconds. Recent findings challenge existing theories about their sources, suggesting that some FRBs may originate from regions in ancient, dead galaxies, raising profound questions about the nature of these bursts and their potential as cosmic probes. Is Mars Still Geologically Active? A new study based on data from NASA's InSight lander indicates that Mars may still be geologically active. By analyzing marsquakes, researchers have uncovered evidence suggesting that the southern hemisphere of the Red Planet has a thicker crust and higher elevation than the northern hemisphere, providing insights into its geological history and evolution over billions of years. Celestial Treat for Southern Hemisphere Sky Watchers Sky watchers in the Southern Hemisphere are in for a treat as Comet C/2024 G3 Atlas dazzles with its stunning display following a close encounter with the Sun. The comet's vibrant tails and the alignment of six planets provide a spectacular opportunity for stargazers to explore the night sky. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 12 for broadcast on 27 January 2025 00:49 Mysterious origins of fast radio bursts 06:30 Evidence of geological activity on Mars 12:15 Comet C/2024 G3 Atlas and planetary alignment 18:00 New anti-clotting drugs for atrial fibrillation patients 22:45 Rare corpse flower blooms in Sydney 27:00 FDA bans controversial red dye number three 30:15 Declining trust in mainstream media www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN New Year deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Australian National University https://www.anu.edu.au Geophysical Research Letters https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19447920 Royal Botanical Gardens Sydney https://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au New England Journal of Medicine https://www.nejm.org Gallup Poll https://news.gallup.com Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 11 Ancient Water on Mars and the Birth of the Universe's Lights Scientists have uncovered two sets of ancient wave ripples on Mars, revealing evidence of long-dried ponds and lakes that once existed on the Red Planet. Discovered by NASA's Curiosity rover, these ripples, formed approximately 3.7 billion years ago, indicate that shallow bodies of water were open to the Martian atmosphere, challenging previous climate models suggesting an ice-covered surface. This finding extends our understanding of the timeline for liquid water on Mars and its potential for microbial life. A Quasar's Role in Cosmic Illumination Astronomers have detected a highly variable quasar that may have played a crucial role in turning on the lights of the universe. This quasar, observed by the NuSTAR and Chandra X-ray space telescopes, is one of the most distant objects detected and provides new insights into the growth of supermassive black holes in the early universe. Its rapid brightness fluctuations offer vital clues about the epoch of reionization, a time when the universe transitioned from darkness to light. European Space Agency's Probe 3 Mission Milestone The European Space Agency's Probe 3 spacecraft has successfully split into two, marking a significant step in its ambitious mission. This unique formation-flying mission aims to create artificial solar eclipses to study the Sun's corona with unprecedented precision. The two spacecraft will maintain a separation of just 150 meters, demonstrating advanced navigation and propulsion technologies essential for future space exploration. 00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 11 for broadcast on 24 January 2025 00:49 Discovery of ancient wave ripples on Mars 06:15 Quasar may illuminate the early universe 12:30 European Space Agency's Probe 3 spacecraft successfully splits 18:00 Blood vessel fingerprint in the eye may indicate stroke risk 22:45 Early humans adapted to desert-like conditions 26:00 Global water cycle disruptions due to climate extremes 30:00 Reevaluation of the Paleo diet based on ancient human diets www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA https://www.nasa.gov Caltech https://www.caltech.edu Yale University https://www.yale.edu European Space Agency https://www.esa.int Indian Space Research Organisation https://www.isro.gov.in Astrophysical Journal https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/ 637X 7--- UK Biobank https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk Australian Skeptics https://www.skeptics.com.au National Science Foundation https://www.nsf.gov Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 10 Gaia's Sky Scanning Completion and Mid Infrared Flare from Sagittarius A* The European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft has completed its sky scanning phase, marking a monumental achievement in astronomical missions. Over the past decade, Gaia has transformed our understanding of the Milky Way by mapping the positions and characteristics of billions of stars. This mission has provided unprecedented insights into the origins and evolution of our galaxy, revealing its structure and history like never before. Mid Infrared Flare from the Milky Way's Supermassive Black Hole Astronomers have detected a mid infrared flare from Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. This discovery, made using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, fills a crucial gap in our understanding of black hole flares and supports existing models of magnetic reconnection in the accretion disk surrounding the black hole. Discovery of a New Type of Exoplanet NASA's Webb Space Telescope has unveiled a new type of exoplanet, unlike anything in our solar system. The planet, GJ1214B, exhibits a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere similar to Venus, challenging previous assumptions about exoplanet atmospheres and providing new insights into planetary formation. 00:00 This is space time series 28 episode 10 for broadcast of 22 January 2025 00:49 European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft has completed its 10th science mission 05:22 First ever detection of mid infrared flare from Milky Way's supermassive black hole 11:15 NASA's Webb Space Telescope has discovered a new type of planet 14:11 New study suggests eating carrots can improve the treatment of type 2 diabetes 17:41 Tesla is launching satellite connectivity for regular mobile phones in Australia www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References European Space Agency (ESA) [https://www.esa.int/](https://www.esa.int/) Gaia Mission [https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia](https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia) arXiv.org [https://arxiv.org/](https://arxiv.org/) NASA's Webb Space Telescope [https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/](https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/) Event Horizon Telescope [https://eventhorizontelescope.org/](https://eventhorizontelescope.org/) Harvard Center for Astrophysics [https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/](https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/) Astrophysical Journal Letters [https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/ 8205](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205) 8--- Nature Communications [https://www.nature.com/ncomms/](https://www.nature.com/ncomms/) Clinical and Translational Science [https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17528062](https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/17528062) TechAdvice [https://www.techadvice.life/](https://www.techadvice.life/) Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 09 Starship's Fiery End and Blue Origin's New Glenn Debut SpaceX's Starship experienced a dramatic explosion during its seventh test flight, marking both success and setback. While the super heavy booster was successfully caught by the launch tower's chopstick arms, the Starship upper stage exploded during ascent. Despite the fiery end, the mission demonstrated significant advancements in booster recovery technology. Blue Origin's New Glenn Maiden Flight Blue Origin's New Glenn mega rocket has completed its first flight, successfully reaching orbit. However, the mission wasn't flawless, as the first stage booster failed to land on a pre-positioned barge in the Atlantic Ocean. The mission's payload, a prototype for the Blue Ring orbital vehicle, was successfully deployed, marking a significant milestone for Blue Origin. Mysterious Stellar Pulsations Explained Astronomers have pinpointed the source of mysterious long-period radio transients, linking them to a binary star system comprising a white dwarf and a red dwarf. This discovery, made using data from the Murchison Wide Field Array and the Meerkat telescope, offers new insights into these enigmatic astrophysical events. 00:00 Space Time Starship destroyed in spectacular explosion during its seventh test flight 00:48 Super heavy booster successfully caught by launch tower's chopsticks during textbook landing 07:09 Debris spotted streaking over Caribbean Sea after SpaceX Falcon 7 launch 11:05 Blue Origin's new Glenn has successfully undertaken its maiden flight 16:55 Astronomers have discovered the source of mysterious extreme astrophysical event 20:50 Long period radio transients are mysterious new class of repeating radio source in space 29:08 Long period radio transients may be caused by binary M dwarf white dwarf systems 32:12 New study warns shallow groundwater is projected to warm by 3.5 degrees Celsius by 2099 34:29 All the hype about mysterious drones over New Jersey disappeared after LA wildfires www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 08 Origins of Fast Radio Bursts Unveiled Astronomers have pinpointed the source of fast radio bursts, specifically linking them to magnetars, a type of highly magnetic neutron star. This breakthrough, reported in Nature, was achieved by analysing the scintillation of FRB2022 1022A, indicating its proximity to a magnetar within 10,000 kilometres. This discovery sheds light on the mysterious phenomenon, suggesting that all fast radio bursts might originate from similarly extreme environments. Lunar Water's Terrestrial Origins A groundbreaking study reveals that much of the Moon's water may have originated from early Earth. By examining Apollo-era lunar samples with a high precision triple oxygen isotope technique, scientists discovered a dual heritage of lunar water, tracing back to both proto-Earth and cometary impacts. This finding offers new insights into the Earth-Moon system's formation 4.5 billion years ago. Juno's Insights into IO's Volcanism NASA's Juno mission has uncovered that Jupiter's moon IO's volcanoes are powered by individual magma chambers rather than a global magma ocean. This revelation, stemming from Juno's close flybys and gravitational measurements, highlights the unique geological dynamics of the solar system's most volcanically active body. The findings provide a deeper understanding of tidal flexing and its effects on celestial bodies. 00:00 Astronomers have finally narrowed down the source of those mysterious fast radio bursts 08:01 New study shows much of moon's water originates on early proto Earth 10:32 Scientists with NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter have discovered volcanoes on IO 16:33 There now seems to be more carbon stored in human made stuff than natural world 18:41 Study shows each of the Disney princesses could have exposed themselves to illnesses 19:40 Alaska Triangle has highest recorded numbers of paranormal incidents in the world www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 07 Dark Matter's Role in Milky Way's Stellar Streams New research suggests that dark matter may have influenced the formation of the GD-1 stellar stream in the Milky Way. A study in the Astrophysical Journal Letters proposes that a core-collapsing, self-interacting dark matter subhalo could explain the unusual spur and gap features observed in the stream. This finding could deepen our understanding of dark matter's properties and its influence on the universe. Sun's Triple Solar Flare Eruption The Sun has unleashed three significant X-class solar flares in a single day, with the first and third being X1.1 flares and the second an X1.5. These powerful eruptions, detected by NOAA's Solar Ultraviolet Imager, are part of the Sun's approach to solar maximum, the peak of its 11-year solar cycle. Solar flares can disrupt Earth's communications, power grids, and pose health risks to astronauts. Quadrantids Meteor Shower Spectacle The Earth is experiencing the Quadrantids meteor shower, offering a dazzling display of shooting stars. Originating from the near-Earth asteroid 2003 EH1, the Quadrantids are best viewed from dark locations, with peak sightings expected in the Pacific region. Sky watchers can anticipate around 50 meteors per hour, with potential fireballs enhancing the spectacle. 00:00 This is space time series 28 episode 7 for broadcast on 15 January 2025 00:46 New research proposes a self interacting dark matter subhalo could explain GD1 features 04:24 The sun unleashed three significant X class solar flares on the same day 07:19 Earth is experiencing one of its most spectacular meteor showers, the Quadrantids 14:31 A quarter of the world's freshwater animals are at risk of extinction 16:43 Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg admits that his fact checkers are dishonest 20:28 CES has wrapped up in Las Vegas with lots of interesting gadgets www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References University of California, Riverside [ucr.edu](https://www.ucr.edu/) Astrophysical Journal Letters [iopscience.iop.org/journal/ 8205](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205) 3--- National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [noaa.gov](https://www.noaa.gov/) Royal Astronomical Society [ras.ac.uk](https://www.ras.ac.uk/) Journal of Nature [nature.com](https://www.nature.com/) Journal of the American Medical Association [jamanetwork.com](https://jamanetwork.com/) Facebook [facebook.com](https://www.facebook.com/) Babylon Bee [babylonbee.com](https://babylonbee.com/) Tech Advice Stuart Life [techadvice.com](https://www.techadvice.com/) Space Time with Stuart Gary [spacetimewithstuartgary.com](https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com/) Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 06 Formation of Pluto-Charon Binary System A new study reveals that the formation of the Pluto-Charon dwarf planet binary system may mirror that of the Earth-Moon system. The research, published in Nature Geoscience, suggests that both systems feature a secondary body significantly large in comparison to the primary, unlike other moons in our solar system. The findings could explain Pluto's active geology and potential subsurface ocean, highlighting the significance of giant impacts in shaping planetary bodies. BepiColombo's Final Mercury Flyby The BepiColombo spacecraft has completed its final close flyby of Mercury, passing just 295 kilometres above the planet's surface. This manoeuvre marks the last gravity assist required for the joint ESA and JAXA mission before it enters Mercury's orbit in late 2026. The mission aims to study Mercury's magnetic field, surface composition, and interaction with the solar wind, enhancing our understanding of planets close to their host stars. Astronomy Highlights for 2025 2025 promises exciting astronomical events, with the Sun's solar cycle nearing its peak. Highlights include a rare edge-on view of Saturn's rings, potential brightening of comet G3 Atlas, and two lunar eclipses. The year also features significant planetary alignments, meteor showers, and opportunities to observe the Southern Cross and the centre of the Milky Way. Dr. Nick Glom provides insights into these celestial events and more. 00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 6 for broadcast on 13 January 2025 00:27 A new study suggests the formation of the Pluto Charon dwarf planet binary system 04:35 BepiColombo spacecraft makes its final flyby of Mercury 09:27 This is space time. We take a look at the year ahead in astronomy 10:47 Mid January will be a very interesting time to look at the night sky 13:05 There are two big highlights in March with the eclipse of the moon and Saturn 13:46 The other big event of course is the crossing of the rings of Saturn 17:03 The Southern Cross is well positioned during the month of June 18:38 Venus and Jupiter are the two brightest planets in the night sky 19:16 Also in August, it's a great time to have a look at Sagittarius 20:35 Total eclipse of the Moon occurs when Moon moves into Earth's shadow 23:06 The Australasian Sky Guide has just released its 30th edition 25:05 World Meteorological Organisation confirms that 2024 was the warmest year on record 29:34 It's claimed that two allegedly Celtic heads could turn you into a werewolf www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References University of Arizona [https://www.arizona.edu](https://www.arizona.edu) Nature Geoscience [https://www.nature.com/ngeo/](https://www.nature.com/ngeo/) European Space Agency (ESA) [https://www.esa.int](https://www.esa.int) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) [https://global.jaxa.jp/](https://global.jaxa.jp/) Ariane 5 rocket [https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/ariane-5/](https://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/ariane-5/) Kourou Spaceport [https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Spaceport](https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Spaceport) Australasian Sky Guide [https://www.powerhouse.com.au/publication/australasian-sky-guide/](https://www.powerhouse.com.au/publication/australasian-sky-guide/) Powerhouse Museum [https://www.maas.museum/powerhouse-museum/](https://www.maas.museum/powerhouse-museum/) European Heart Journal [https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj](https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj) Journal of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences [https://www.springer.com/journal/376](https://www.springer.com/journal/376) Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 05 Volcanic Activity on Mars New research suggests recent volcanic activity on Mars, with eruptions possibly occurring within the last 50,000 years. This discovery, based on satellite observations, highlights a mysterious dark deposit in Elysium Planitia, indicating explosive volcanism. The findings could mean Mars is still volcanically active, raising possibilities of habitable conditions due to interactions between magma and icy substrates. Mysteries of Supernova 1987A Astronomers using the Murchison Wide Field Array have been delving into the enigmatic Supernova 1987A. The supernova, marking the death of a blue supergiant star, offers insights into stellar evolution. The peculiar hourglass shape and the unexpected blue supergiant phase of the progenitor star continue to puzzle scientists. Dream Chaser Space Plane Launch Delayed The inaugural flight of the Dream Chaser space plane, Tenacity, is now scheduled for May. The spacecraft will carry supplies to the International Space Station, showcasing its capabilities. Sierra Space plans to use Dream Chaser for future missions, including building an orbiting habitat. 00:00 New study claims there's evidence for recent volcanic activity on Mars 05:34 Low frequency radio observations have provided a window into SN 1987A's past life 13:30 The long awaited inaugural flight of Sierra Space's Dream Chaser space plane is now expected 18:52 Canadian scientists compared prevalence and risk of mental disorders between trans and gender diverse people 21:07 Phoenix, Arizona named as America's top location for UFO sightings www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 04 Challenging the Existence of Dark Energy A groundbreaking study from the University of Canterbury in New Zealand is challenging the long-held belief in dark energy, suggesting that the universe's expansion might not require this enigmatic force. The research proposes the "timescape" model, which accounts for variations in cosmic expansion rates by considering differences in gravitational time dilation. This model could potentially resolve some of the universe's biggest mysteries, including the Hubble tension, by suggesting that dark energy is simply a misinterpretation of cosmic conditions. Solar Wind Slowing Beyond Pluto NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has detected a slowdown in the solar wind as it travels beyond Pluto. The data reveals that the solar wind, a stream of charged particles from the Sun, decelerates as it picks up interstellar material. This discovery offers new insights into the heliosphere's outer reaches and the interaction between solar and interstellar forces. Venus's Volcanic Past New research indicates that Venus's ancient tesserae regions, once thought to be akin to Earth's continental crust, may actually be composed of layered volcanic rocks. This finding, based on radar data from NASA's Magellan mission, challenges previous assumptions and provides fresh perspectives on Venus's geological history. 00:00 New observations show the solar wind slowing down beyond Pluto 00:27 New study claims dark energy doesn't explain accelerating universe 11:27 If the universe has an energy field of the right kind, expansion can accelerate 18:22 Some tesserae on Venus have layering consistent with volcanic activity 21:07 Scientists have identified a new genetic link to autism spectrum disorder 23:51 LG will release a fridge with a transparent OLED door 24:58 The flip phone turns 29 on January 3rd, 1996 26:28 Microsoft have announced their own version of Apple's Mac Mini 27:31 Space Time is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through Apple Podcasts www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters [https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl](https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl) Astrophysical Journal [https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/) Journal Geology [https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology](https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology) Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 03 Parker Solar Probe's Historic Journey NASA's Parker Solar Probe has made history by becoming the fastest man-made object, surviving a record-breaking close approach to the Sun's surface. The probe, travelling at an unprecedented speed of 155,520 kilometres per hour, flew just 6.1 million kilometres above the Sun, providing invaluable data to help scientists understand the Sun's impacts on the solar system, including Earth. This mission marks a significant achievement in space exploration, shedding light on the Sun's mysterious processes and aiding in the search for habitable worlds beyond our planet. Mystery of Ultra Luminous X-Ray Sources Astronomers have detected unusual flaring activity in an ultra luminous X-ray source, challenging our understanding of these enigmatic cosmic phenomena. Observations reveal flux variations by up to a factor of six over a few hours, offering new insights into the nature of these powerful sources, which could be linked to feeding supermassive black holes or intermediate mass black holes. Solar Cycle and La Niña Connection A new study suggests a possible link between the Sun's 11-year solar cycle and Earth's La Niña weather patterns. The findings indicate that solar variability may drive seasonal weather changes, potentially improving predictions of major climatic events like El Niño and La Niña, which have significant impacts on global weather patterns. January Skywatch 00:00 Stuart Gary talks about NASA's Parker Solar Probe and more 00:39 NASA's Parker Solar Probe survived its close approach to the sun on December 24 05:19 NASA's Parker Solar Probe is 3.8 million miles from the sun 10:52 Astronomers studying an ultra luminous X ray source have detected strange flaring activity 13:12 Solar variability may be driving seasonal weather variability here on Earth 17:19 New study suggests eating more fruits and vegetables could help reduce depression 19:35 A much anticipated United States Congressional hearing on UFOs turned out to be flop 25:23 A new paper claims that one of the biggest mysteries in science doesn't actually exist 35:55 If the universe has an energy field of the right kind, expansion can accelerate 42:59 New findings could provide fresh insights into the enigmatic planet's geological history 45:50 Scientists have identified a new genetic link to autism spectrum disorder 48:29 LG will release a fridge with a transparent OLED door 49:35 Nintendo has announced that it will launch its Nintendo Switch by March 31st 51:06 Microsoft have announced their own version of Apple's Mac Mini with ARM chips 52:25 A new study claims there's evidence for recent volcanic activity on Mars 56:11 Astronomers using radio telescope in Western Australia study supernova 1987A 01:04:08 What exactly caused 87A to go to a blue super giant phase 01:05:12 The long awaited inaugural flight of Sierra Space's Dream Chaser space plane is now expected 01:10:34 Canadian scientists compared prevalence and risk of mental disorders between trans and gender diverse people 01:12:49 Phoenix, Arizona named as America's top location for UFO sightings www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References NASA Parker Solar Probe [NASA Parker Solar Probe](https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/parker-solar-probe) Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory [Johns Hopkins APL](https://www.jhuapl.edu/) XMM-Newton Space Telescope [XMM-Newton](https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton) NuStar Space Telescope [NuStar](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/main/index.html) Chandra X-ray Observatory [Chandra](https://chandra.harvard.edu/) Swift Space Telescope [Swift](https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/) NGC 4559 Galaxy [NGC 4559](https://www.constellation-guide.com/ngc-4559/) Earth and Space Sciences Journal [Earth and Space Sciences](https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23335084) Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 02 Liquid Water on Mars: A Mirage? A new study casts doubt on the existence of liquid water on Mars, challenging previous assumptions about recurring slope lineae and the potential for brine pools. Researchers argue that the Martian environment's low temperature and pressure make it unlikely for liquid water to exist, even in the form of salty brines. The findings question the habitability of the Red Planet by Earth standards. New Asteroids Discovered NASA's Webb Space Telescope has identified a new population of small main belt asteroids between Mars and Jupiter. These 138 newly discovered celestial bodies range in size from a bus to a football stadium, offering insights into asteroid formation and the potential risks of asteroid impacts on Earth. Australia's Lunar Rover Project Advances Australia's first Lunar Rover project is moving forward with the development of prototype rovers and essential technology to tackle lunar dust challenges. Supported by the Australian Space Agency, this $42 million initiative aims to enhance Australia's role in lunar exploration. January Skywatch 00:00 New study claims we're unlikely to ever find liquid water on Mars 04:50 NASA's Webb Space Telescope has discovered 138 new asteroids in the main asteroid belt 07:53 January marks Earth's closest orbital position to the sun perihelion 09:59 Sirius is the fifth closest star to the sun and it's gradually moving closer 16:37 Looking due north just above the horizon this time of year you'll see Capella 22:28 January also plays host to one primary meteor shower, the Quadrantids 24:26 There's plenty to see in the night sky during January, as long as 28:36 The Orion Nebula looks magnificent through a telescope and even better on photos 31:59 Just beyond Orion we've got Taurus constellation Taurus 33:05 On 15 January, planet Mars reaches its closest point in its orbitwww.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [https://www.pnas.org/](https://www.pnas.org/) NASA Ames Research Center [https://www.nasa.gov/ames](https://www.nasa.gov/ames) Australian Space Agency [https://www.industry.gov.au/space](https://www.industry.gov.au/space) Sky & Telescope Magazine [https://skyandtelescope.org/](https://skyandtelescope.org/) Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.

SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 01 Webb Telescope Confirms Hubble Tension The James Webb Space Telescope has confirmed the Hubble Tension, challenging the current understanding of cosmic theory. New observations reveal that the Universe is expanding faster now than during its early years, suggesting gaps in our understanding of cosmic physics. The study, led by Adam Rees and Thomas Barber, confirms the accuracy of Hubble's measurements, pointing to unknown factors in the Universe's expansion. Liquid Erosion on Asteroid Vesta A new hypothesis proposes that liquids could have carved out gullies on the airless asteroid Vesta. Laboratory experiments suggest that briny liquids, rather than dry debris flows, may have formed these features. This study, reported in the Planetary Science Journal, provides insights into the geological processes on Vesta. New Year's Day Fireworks on Mars While Earth celebrates New Year's Day, Mars experiences its own fireworks with explosive spring thaws. The Martian northern hemisphere is undergoing dynamic surface changes, including frost avalanches and gas geysers. These phenomena offer a unique glimpse into the seasonal cycles on the Red Planet. 00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 1, for broadcast on January 1 2025 00:52 Measurement discrepancy between Hubble and Webb on Universe's expansion remains unexplained 13:51 The Martian northern hemisphere is going through an active, even explosive spring thaw 21:17 New study shows teen smoking increases risk of heart disease later in life 23:54 Software update will turn AirPods Pro 2 into therapeutic grade hearing aid 28:32 TechRadar released its annual Top of the Pops list this year 29:51 TechRadar said the Apple Vision Pro was the biggest flop of 2024 31:21 Space Time with Stuart Gary is available on many podcasting platforms www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com www.bitesz.com 🌏 Get Our Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ www.bitesz.com/nordvpn. Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌ Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merch and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look... Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about ✍️ Episode References Astrophysical Journal [https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/) Planetary Science Journal [https://psj.aas.org/](https://psj.aas.org/) NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter [https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/](https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/) American College of Cardiology [https://www.jacc.org/](https://www.jacc.org/) Australian Zoologist [https://www.rzsnsw.org.au/](https://www.rzsnsw.org.au/) Journal Interface Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support.